ASTM C1594-23
(Specification)Standard Specification for Polyimide Rigid Cellular Thermal Insulation
Standard Specification for Polyimide Rigid Cellular Thermal Insulation
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the composition and physical properties of rigid polyimide cellular foams intended for use as thermal and sound-isolating insulation in commercial and industrial environments. The polyimide insulations covered are classified into three types (Types I, II, and III) according to closed cell content, and into four grades (Grades 1, 2, 3, and 4) according to density. Type II insulation is further divided into two classes (Classes 1 and 2) according to upper temperature limits. Materials shall be manufactured from the appropriate monomers and necessary ingredients. Specimens shall be sampled, tested, and conform accordingly to the following physical property requirements: apparent thermal conductivity; water and gas permeability; density; percent closed cell; upper temperature limit; high temperature stability; compressive strength; compressive force deflection; water vapor transmission; steam aging characteristics (tensile strength, dimensional and weight changes), corrosiveness; chemical resistance; vertical burn characteristics (flame application and time, burn length, and dripping); specific optical smoke density for both flaming and non-flaming exposures; toxic smoke generation; surface burning characteristics (flame spread and smoke developed indices); combustion by-products (carbon monoxide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen cyanide); oxygen index, and 14 scale room burn.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical properties of polyimide foam insulation with nominal densities from 1.0 lb/ft3 to 8.0 lb/ft3 (16 kg/m3 to 128 kg/m3) and intended for use as thermal and sound-isolating insulation for temperatures from −423°F to +600°F (−253°C to +316°C) in commercial and industrial environments.
1.1.1 The annex shall apply to this specification for marine applications.
1.1.2 This standard is designed as a material specification and not a design document.
1.1.3 The values stated in Table 1 and Table 2 are not to be used as design values. It is the buyer’s responsibility to specify design requirements and obtain supporting documentation from the material supplier.
* = Not available consult manufacturer for additional information.
NA = Not Applicable
NB = A manufacturer can only claim conformance to this standard to the values reported in this table. The * notes are confidential data to the manufacturers and as such are not considered part of any qualifying requirements for the standard and only tell the user to inquire about that data.
* = Not available consult manufacturer for additional information.
NA = Not Applicable
NB = A manufacturer can only claim conformance to this standard to the values reported in this table. The * notes are confidential data to the manufacturers and as such are not considered part of any qualifying requirements for the standard and only tell the user to inquire about that data.
Note 1: The subject matter of this material specification is not covered by any other ASTM specification. There is no known ISO standard covering the subject of this standard.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical B...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1594 − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Polyimide Rigid Cellular Thermal Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical 2.1 ASTM Standards:
properties of polyimide foam insulation with nominal densities C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
3 3 3 3
from 1.0 lb/ft to 8.0 lb/ft (16 kg ⁄m to 128 kg/m ) and C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
intended for use as thermal and sound-isolating insulation for ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
temperatures from −423°F to +600°F (−253°C to +316°C) in the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
commercial and industrial environments. C335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Properties
1.1.1 The annex shall apply to this specification for marine of Pipe Insulation
applications. C390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal
1.1.2 This standard is designed as a material specification Insulation Lots
and not a design document. C411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-
1.1.3 The values stated in Table 1 and Table 2 are not to be Temperature Thermal Insulation
used as design values. It is the buyer’s responsibility to specify C421 Test Method for Tumbling Friability of Preformed
design requirements and obtain supporting documentation Block-Type and Preformed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal
from the material supplier. Insulation
C447 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Tempera-
NOTE 1—The subject matter of this material specification is not covered
ture of Thermal Insulations
by any other ASTM specification. There is no known ISO standard
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
covering the subject of this standard.
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Acoustics
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
C665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insu-
and are not considered standard.
lation for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Housing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Prop-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
erties Under Steady-State Conditions
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
C1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
C1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
C1304 Test Method for Assessing the Odor Emission of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Thermal Insulation Materials
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
C1338 Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Insulation Materials and Facings
C1482 Specification for Polyimide Flexible Cellular Ther-
mal and Sound Absorbing Insulation
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.22 on
2
Organic and Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2023. Published April 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C1594 – 11 (2017). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/C1594-23. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1594 − 23
TABLE 1 Polyimide Foam Classification (inch pound)
Type II Type II Type II Type II Type II Type II
Type I Type I Type I Type I
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1594 − 11 (Reapproved 2017) C1594 − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Polyimide Rigid Cellular Thermal Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical properties of polyimide foam insulation with nominal densities from
3 3 3 3
1.0 lb/ft to 8.0 lb/ft (16 kg ⁄m to 128 kg/m ) and intended for use as thermal and sound-isolating insulation for temperatures from
−423°F to +600°F (−253°C to +316°C) in commercial and industrial environments.
1.1.1 The annex shall apply to this specification for marine applications.
1.1.2 This standard is designed as a material specification and not a design document.
1.1.3 The values stated in Table 1 and Table 2 are not to be used as design values. It is the buyer’s responsibility to specify design
requirements and obtain supporting documentation from the material supplier.
NOTE 1—The subject matter of this material specification is not covered by any other ASTM specification. There is no known ISO standard covering the
subject of this standard.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory requirementslimitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—The subject matter of this material specification is not covered by any other ASTM specification. There is no known ISO standard covering the
subject of this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.22 on Organic and
Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.
Current edition approved March 1, 2017March 1, 2023. Published March 2017April 2023. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20112017 as
C1594 – 11.C1594 – 11 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/C1594-11R17.10.1520/C1594-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1594 − 23
TABLE 1 Polyimide Foam Classification (inch pound)
Type II Type II Type II Type II Type II Type II
Type I Type I Type I Type III
Property Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4
Class 1 Class 1 Class 1 Class 2 Class 2 Class 2
3
Density, lb/ft (max) 8.0 6.0 3.0 8.0 6.0 3.0 8.0 6.0 3.0 1.5
Thermal Conductivity,
2
Btu-in./h-ft -°F (max)
-238°F * * * * * 0.048 * * * *
-150°F * * * * * 0.036 * * * *
-50°F * * * * * 0.096 * * * *
24°F 0.230 0.220 0.210 * * 0.180 * * * *
65°F 0.248 0.238 0.220 * * 0.228 * * * *
75°F 0.250 0.240 0.240 0.260 0.250 0.246 0.234 0.250 0.225 0.240
100°F 0.260 0.250 0.250 * * 0.264 * * * *
150°F 0.280 0.270 0.270 * * 0.324 * * * *
200°F 0.305 0.295 0.300 * * 0.396 * * * *
300°F * * * * * 0.516 * * * *
572°F * * * * * 0.876 NA NA NA *
Upper Temperature Limit – test temperature for 600 600 600 600 600 600 400 400 400 600
C411, °F
High Temperature Stability – % of initial tensile * * * * * 95 * * * *
strength retained
after 1000 hours in air oven at 572°F, (min.)
Tensile Strength PSI (min.) 244 134 41 180 80 14 180 80 14 41
Compressive Strength PSI @ 10% def. (min.) 95 65 28 * * * * * *
...
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