ASTM D2687-95(2024)
(Practice)Standard Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials
Standard Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice will be used most frequently to sample materials as received from the manufacturer in the original shipping container and prior to any resin-conditioning procedure. Since certain ion-exchange materials are supplied by the manufacturer in the dry or free-flowing state whereas others are supplied moist, it is necessary to employ two different sampling devices. Therefore, this practice is divided into Sampling Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material (Section 8), and Sampling Procedure—Moist Material (Section 9).
5.2 Once the sample is obtained, it is necessary to protect the ion-exchange materials from changes. Samples should be placed in sealable, gasproof containers immediately.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices2 cover procedures for obtaining representative samples of ion-exchange materials. The following practices are included:
Sections
Practice A—Sampling from a Single Package and
Multiple Package Lots or Shipments
4 to 11
Practice B—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
Equipment Having Unrestricted Head Room
12 to 16
Practice C—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
Equipment Having Restricted Head Room
17 to 21
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2687 − 95 (Reapproved 2024)
Standard Practices for
Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope PRACTICE A—SAMPLING FROM A SINGLE
PACKAGE AND MULTIPLE PACKAGE LOTS OR
1.1 These practices cover procedures for obtaining repre-
SHIPMENTS
sentative samples of ion-exchange materials. The following
practices are included:
4. Summary of Practice
Sections
4.1 A hollow, sample-probe guide that is comprised of
Practice A—Sampling from a Single Package and
mating threaded sections and that can be extended to any
Multiple Package Lots or Shipments 4 to 11
Practice B—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
convenient length by the addition of more sections, is inserted
Equipment Having Unrestricted Head Room 12 to 16
into an ion-exchange unit. A sampling tube is inserted through
Practice C—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
the probe guide and is connected to a vacuum source. Ion-
Equipment Having Restricted Head Room 17 to 21
exchange material is removed by eduction. A core sampler also
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
may be used.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.1 This practice will be used most frequently to sample
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
materials as received from the manufacturer in the original
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
shipping container and prior to any resin-conditioning proce-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
dure. Since certain ion-exchange materials are supplied by the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
manufacturer in the dry or free-flowing state whereas others are
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
supplied moist, it is necessary to employ two different sam-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
pling devices. Therefore, this practice is divided into Sampling
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material (Section 8), and
Sampling Procedure—Moist Material (Section 9).
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 Once the sample is obtained, it is necessary to protect
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the ion-exchange materials from changes. Samples should be
C183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of
placed in sealable, gasproof containers immediately.
Hydraulic Cement
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water 6. Apparatus
6.1 Sampling Devices, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—The sampling devised described in Fig. 2 is the same as that
3.1 Definitions—Certain terms in these practices that relate
used in Practice C183.
to ion exchange are defined in Terminology D1129.
6.2 Sealable, Gasproof Containers, for sample storage.
6.3 Sample Quartering Materials—A 0.5 m by 0.5 m (20 in.
by 20 in.) sheet of glazed paper, oil cloth, or flexible plastic
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
film.
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
Exchange Materials.
7. Kind and Number of Samples
Current edition approved April 1, 2024. Published April 2024. Originally
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2687 – 95 (2016).
7.1 For a representative sample from a single package, a
DOI: 10.1520/D2687-95R24.
2 minimum of three probes or increments should be taken with
These practices were developed from activities within ASTM Committee D19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or the sampling device.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.2 For a representative sample from a multiple package lot
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. or shipment:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2687 − 95 (2024)
8.1.5 Rotate the inner tube to the closed position and
remove the sampling device from the drum.
NOTE 2—The sharp point of the sampling device may pierce the drum
liner. Have the point rounded slightly (by grinding, filing, etc.).
NOTE 3—Corrosion may occur after only a few months on this type of
sampling device and will render it unsuitable for resin sampling.
8.1.6 Empty the contents into the sample container.
FIG. 1 51 mm (2 in.) Inside Diameter Plastic Tube with 2.4 mm
8.1.7 Repeat 8.1.3 through 8.1.6 until sufficient sample is
( ⁄32 in.) Wall Thickness Ion-Exchanger Sampling Tube
obtained. A minimum of three probes or increments is required.
If the sample obtained is larger than required, reduce the
sample using the quartering techniques given in 10.1.
8.1.8 Seal the sample container and affix label as outlined in
NOTE 1—This device shall be between 1.2 m and 1.5 m (4 ft and 5 ft)
long and about 35 mm (1 ⁄8 in.) in outside diameter. It shall consist of two
Section 11.
polished brass telescopic tubes with registering slots which are opened or
8.1.9 Alternatively, the sampling tube (Fig. 1) may be used
closed by rotation of the inner tube, the outer tube being provided with a
for sampling dry or free-flowing resin. Follow procedure given
point to facilitate penetration
in Section 9. Loss of resin from the bottom of the sampler may
FIG. 2 Slotted Tube Sample for Ion-Exchange Resins
occur and cause bias in the sample.
8.2 If the ion-exchange material is dry or free-flowing and
7.2.1 If the markings on the package indicate the material to the outer package is a bag:
8.2.1 Transfer the contents of the bag to a drum which has
be sampled is from a single lot (batch or manufacturing run),
the number of packages selected shall be not less than 10 % of a diameter less than its height and will hold the entire contents
of the bag.
the packages received. When less than 30 packages are
received, a minimum of three packages shall be chosen at 8.2.2 Proceed in accordance with 8.1.
random for sampling. If a single lot contains more than 30
NOTE 4—The sampling device (Fig. 2) can allow resin entering the
packages and the order of filling is designated on the packages,
upper openings to fall into the bottom portion of the device, thereby
the first, last, and middle packages shall be sampled. If the biasing the sample.
results of the analysis of these three samples agree within the
limits of precision of the test methods used, further samples 9. Sampling Procedure—Moist Material
from the lot need not be taken. If they are not in agreement,
9.1 If the ion-exchange material is moist and contained in a
additional samples may be taken at the option of the parties
drum:
concerned. When the entire shipment or an entire lot consists of
9.1.1 Upend the drum and allow to stand 16 h (overnight) to
three packages or less, a sample shall be taken from each
redistribute any excess water that may be present.
package. The number of samples taken with the sampling
9.1.2 Right drum, rock it slightly from several sides for
device should not be less than three per individual package.
uniform packing and open.
7.2.2 If the shipment consists of more than one lot (batch or
9.1.3 The points chosen for probing on the surface should
manufacturing run) of material, sample each lot separately as
lie on a circle approximately two thirds of the diameter of the
in 7.2.1. For a representative sample of the entire shipment, the
drum.
number of packages sampled per lot should be in the same ratio
9.1.4 Rapidly thrust the sampling tube (Fig. 1) to the bottom
as the number of packages of that lot in the entire shipment.
of the drum.
For example, if the shipment consists of 40 drums of lot x and
9.1.5 Withdraw the sampling device.
60 drums of lot y, sample four drums of lot x and six drums of
9.1.6 Empty the contents into the sample container.
lot y.
9.1.7 Repeat 9.1.4 through 9.1.6 until sufficient sample is
obtained. A minimum of three probes or increments is required.
8. Sampling Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material
If the sample obtained is larger than required, reduce the
8.1 If the ion-exchange material is dry or free-flowing and
sample using the quartering technique given in 10.1.
contained in a drum:
9.1.8 Seal the sample container and affix label as outlined in
8.1.1 Rock the drum slightly from several sides for uniform
Section 11.
packing and open.
9.2 If the ion-exchange material is moist and the outer
8.1.2 The points chosen for probing on the surface should
package is a bag:
lie on a circle approximately two thirds the diameter of the
9.2.1 Transfer the contents of the bag to a drum that has a
drum and uniformly spaced.
diameter less than its height and will hold the entire contents of
8.1.3 Rotate the inner tube of the sampling device (Fig. 2) to
the bag.
the closed position, and thrust the sampling device to the
9.2.2 Proceed in accordance with 9.1.
bottom of the drum.
8.1.4 Rotate the inner tube to the open position and collect
10. Quartering Procedure
the sample by moving the top of the sampling device in a circle
(about 75 mm to 150 mm (3 in. to 6 in.) in diameter) several 10.1 Using a sheet of glazed paper, oil cloth, or flexible
times with the open sections forward. plastic film:
D2687 − 95 (2024)
10.1.1 Empty the sample container into the center of the 11.2.10 Reason for sampling, and
sheet. 11.2.11 Signature and title of sampler.
10.1.2 Flatten out the sample gently with the palm of the
PRACTICE B—SAMPLING FROM FIXED BED ION-
hand until the ion-exchange material is approximately 25 mm
EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT HAVING UNRESTRICTED
(1 in.) thick.
HEAD ROOM
10.1.3 Remix the sample by lifting a corner of the sheet and
drawing it across, low down, to the opposite corner in a manner
12. Significance and Use
that the material is made to roll over and over and does not
12.1 The purpose of this practice, “to obtain a representative
merely slide along. Continue operation with each corner,
sample from an ion-exchange unit,” implies further testing will
proceeding in a clockwise direction. Repeat this operation
be performed on the sample obtained.
three times.
10.1.4 Lift all four corners of the sheet towards the center
12.2 If information as to the operation of a particular
and holding all four corners together, raise the entire sheet into
ion-exchange unit is desired, sampling of the resin at the end of
the air to form a pocket for the ion-exchange material.
the regeneration cycle will yield a sample from which more
10.1.5 Repeat 10.1.2.
information can be obtained than from an exhausted sample.
10.1.6 With a straightedge at least as long as the flattened
Analysis of ion-exchange materials in the regenerated form
mound of ion-exchange material (such as a thin edged yard
will permit a determination of the efficiency of regeneration
stick) gently divide the sample into quarters. An effort should
under plant conditions, a determination of metallic, organic or
be made to avoid using pressure on the straightedge sufficient
siliceous residues which are not removed in normal plant
to cause damage to particles of ion-exchange material.
regeneration, and particularly in the case of mixed bed systems,
10.1.7 Discard alternate quarters.
will detect such problems as insufficient mixing and backwash-
10.1.8 If further reduction of sample size is necessary,
ing.
repeat 10.1.3 through 10.1.7. A minimum 1 L sample is
12.3 This practice will not retrieve ion-exchange material
required for complete analysis.
from the bottom 50 mm (2 in.) of a unit without subfill
(supporting bed).
11. Sample Labeling
12.4 In this practice, the sample is taken in the regenerated
11.1 Immediately upon placing each sample in its sample
form. However, in cases where the sample will be completely
container, affix a label, cardboard, or linen tag to the container.
reconditioned before analysis, the selection of a point in the
11.2 Note the following information on the label or tag as
operating cycle for sampling is not critical. In this case, the
soon as it becomes available. If this information is too
portion of 14.1 and 14.2 relating to conversion of the ion-
voluminous for inclusion on the label or tag, forward it in a
exchange material to the regenerated form may be omitted.
separate letter with appropriate cross reference with the iden-
12.5 The sampling procedure outlined in this practice will
tification on the sample container:
be difficult in locations with restricted head room above the
11.2.1 Name of company manufacturing the material,
ion-exchange unit.
11.2.2 Manufacturer’s product name,
11.2.3 Type of material and ionic form, if known,
13. Apparatus
11.2.4 Location where material was sampled, including
13.1 Sampling Device, as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 6, and
company name and complete address,
Fig. 7.
11.2.5 Date and time of sampling,
11.2.6 Approximate age of ion-exchange material, if
known,
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
as the Bead Thief (trademark) is from IX Services Company, 29 Pinon St., P.O. Box
11.2.7 Number of cycles,
326, Bluewater, NM 87005. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide
11.2.8 Throughput volume, litres per cubic metre (gallons
this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
per cubic foot), 1
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
11.2.9 Type of service or application, you may attend.
D2687 − 95 (2024)
FIG. 3 Sampling Rod
13.2 Containers, sealable, gas-proof, for sample storage. 14.3 Open access opening on top of ion-exchange equip-
ment. Drain water, just to the top of the bed. (Warning—If the
14. Preparation for Sampling
ion-exchange unit has been operating at temperatures above
14.1 For units containing a physical mixture of cation and 100 °C (212 °F) it should be cooled prior to opening to avoid
anion-exchange resin, backwash the bed following exhaustion, flashing.)
regenerate, rinse, and air mix as in normal operating proce-
dures. 15. Sampling Procedure
14.2 For all other units, backwash the bed
...
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