ASTM E1922/E1922M-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Translaminar Fracture Toughness of Laminated and Pultruded Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Standard Test Method for Translaminar Fracture Toughness of Laminated and Pultruded Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The parameter KTL determined by this test method is a measure of the resistance of a polymer matrix composite laminate to notch-tip damage and effective translaminar crack growth under opening mode loading. The result is valid only for conditions in which the damage zone at the notch tip is small compared with the notch length and the in-plane specimen dimensions. Alternately, for materials exhibiting distributed damage in a larger volume, observed force-displacement and discrete damage events are still valid structural responses for certain specific engineering applications.
5.2 This test method can serve the following purposes. In research and development, (a) KTL data can quantitatively establish the effects of fiber and matrix variables and stacking sequence of the laminate on the translaminar fracture resistance of composite laminates; and (b) quantified distributed damage measurements can be used to validate progressive composite damage models. In structural design, KTL data can, within the constraints of the specimen geometry and loading, be used to assess composite laminate resistance to damage growth from edge flaws and notches.
5.3 The translaminar fracture toughness, KTL, as well as distributed damage observations, determined by this test method may be a function of the testing speed and temperature. This test method is intended for room temperature and quasi-static conditions, but it can apply to other test conditions provided that the requirements of 13.2 and 13.3 are met. Application of KTL in the design of service components should be made with awareness that the test parameters specified by this test may differ from service conditions, possibly resulting in a different material response than that seen in service. Distributed damage observations are also limited to the material and geometry tested, but may be more generally applied to a variety of structural analysis validation applications.
5.4 Not all types of laminated polymer matrix...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of translaminar fracture toughness, KTL, for laminated, molded, or pultruded polymer matrix composite materials of various fiber orientations using test results from monotonically loaded notched specimens. If the material response is such that the KTL calculation is not valid, alternate reporting methods are provided.
1.2 This test method is applicable to room temperature laboratory air environments.
1.3 Composite materials that can be tested by this test method are not limited by thickness or by type of polymer matrix or fiber, provided that the specimen sizes and the test results meet the requirements of this test method. This test method was developed primarily from test results of various carbon fiber – epoxy matrix laminates and from additional results of glass fiber – epoxy matrix, glass fiber-polyester matrix pultrusions and carbon fiber – bismaleimide matrix laminates (1-4, 5, 6).2
1.4 A range of eccentrically loaded, single-edge-notch tension, ESE(T), specimen sizes with proportional planar dimensions is provided, but planar size may be variable and adjusted, with associated changes in the applied test load. Specimen thickness is a variable, independent of planar size.
1.5 Specimen configurations other than those contained in this test method may be used. It is particularly important that the requirements discussed in 5.1 and 5.4 regarding contained notch-tip damage be met when using alternative specimen configurations in conjunction with the KTL calculation.
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.6.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown ...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1922/E1922M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Translaminar Fracture Toughness of Laminated and
1
Pultruded Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1922/E1922M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope system shall be used independently of the other, and values
from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of translami-
1.6.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in
nar fracture toughness, K , for laminated, molded, or pul-
TL
brackets.
truded polymer matrix composite materials of various fiber
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
orientations using test results from monotonically loaded
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
notchedspecimens.Ifthematerialresponseissuchthatthe K
TL
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
calculation is not valid, alternate reporting methods are pro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
vided.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 This test method is applicable to room temperature
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
laboratory air environments.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 Composite materials that can be tested by this test
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
method are not limited by thickness or by type of polymer
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
matrix or fiber, provided that the specimen sizes and the test
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
results meet the requirements of this test method. This test
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
method was developed primarily from test results of various
carbon fiber – epoxy matrix laminates and from additional
2. Referenced Documents
results of glass fiber – epoxy matrix, glass fiber-polyester
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
matrix pultrusions and carbon fiber – bismaleimide matrix
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
2
laminates (1-4, 5, 6).
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
1.4 A range of eccentrically loaded, single-edge-notch
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
tension, ESE(T), specimen sizes with proportional planar
D3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Poly-
dimensions is provided, but planar size may be variable and
mer Matrix Composite Materials
adjusted, with associated changes in the applied test load.
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
Specimen thickness is a variable, independent of planar size.
Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
1.5 Specimen configurations other than those contained in
D5229/D5229M TestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
this test method may be used. It is particularly important that
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
the requirements discussed in 5.1 and 5.4 regarding contained
Composite Materials
notch-tip damage be met when using alternative specimen
D5528/D5528M Test Method for Mode I Interlaminar Frac-
configurations in conjunction with the K calculation.
TL
ture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Poly-
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
mer Matrix Composites
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
tion
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Test-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
ing Machines
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on
Structural Test Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published June 2022 by Committee D30.
3
Originally approved in 1997 by Committee E08. Last previous edition approved in For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2015 as E1922 – 04(2015) by Committee D30. DOI: 10.1520/E1922_E1922M-22. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1922 − 04 (Reapproved 2015) E1922/E1922M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Translaminar Fracture Toughness of Laminated and
1
Pultruded Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1922;E1922/E1922M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of translaminar fracture toughness, K , for laminated and laminated, molded, or
TL
pultruded polymer matrix composite materials of various plyfiber orientations using test results from monotonically loaded notched
specimens. If the material response is such that the K calculation is not valid, alternate reporting methods are provided.
TL
1.2 This test method is applicable to room temperature laboratory air environments.
1.3 Composite materials that can be tested by this test method are not limited by thickness or by type of polymer matrix or fiber,
provided that the specimen sizes and the test results meet the requirements of this test method. This test method was developed
primarily from test results of various carbon fiber – epoxy matrix laminates and from additional results of glass fiber – epoxy
2
matrix, glass fiber-polyester matrix pultrusions and carbon fiber – bismaleimide matrix laminates (1-4, 5, 6).
1.4 A range of eccentrically loaded, single-edge-notch tension, ESE(T), specimen sizes with proportional planar dimensions is
provided, but planar size may be variable and adjusted, with associated changes in the applied test load. Specimen thickness is a
variable, independent of planar size.
1.5 Specimen configurations other than those contained in this test method may be used, provided that stress intensity calibrations
are available and that the test results meet the requirements of this test method. used. It is particularly important that the
requirements discussed in 5.1 and 5.4 regarding contained notch-tip damage be met when using alternative specimen
configurations.configurations in conjunction with the K calculation.
TL
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement
are included in this standard.separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents;
therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two
systems shall not be combined.
1.6.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and to determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on Structural Test
Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015May 1, 2022. Published August 2015June 2022. by Committee D30. Originally approved in 1997. 1997 by Committee E08. Last
ε1
previous edition approved in 20102015 as E1922–04(2010)E1922 – 04(2015) . DOI: 10.1520/E1922-04R15. by Committee D30. DOI: 10.1520/E1922_E1922M-22.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1922/E1922M − 22
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Met
...
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