ASTM D3107-07(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns
Standard Test Methods for Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
these test methods are used to determine the stretch, growth and recovery properties that garments made with the fabric tested may be expected to exhibit during use.
these test methods is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because the between-laboratory precision is known to be poor.
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. Use test samples that are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Some stretch fabrics are constructed with stretch yarns in only the filling direction. Consequently, for those fabrics, only the filling direction needs to be tested.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amount of fabric stretch, fabric growth, and fabric recovery of fabrics woven in whole or in part from stretch yarns after a specified tension and extension.
1.2 These test methods are intended for use with woven fabrics exhibiting high stretch (greater than 12 percent) and good recovery properties from low tension (up to 360 g/cm or 2 lb/in. of fabric width). When agreed upon, these test methods can be used for fabrics woven in whole or in part from non-stretch yarns that exhibit limits within the stretch characteristics shown above.
1.3 These test methods allow the use of two tension options commonly used in the textile industry; 1.35 kg (3 lb.) and 1.8 kg (4 lb). Several calculations are included for fabric stretch, fabric growth and fabric recovery, and can be used individually when required by individual specifications.
1.4 These test methods should not be used to measure breaking elongation of woven fabrics which is covered in Test Method D5035.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D3107 − 07(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Methods for
Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
amount of fabric stretch, fabric growth, and fabric recovery of
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
fabrics woven in whole or in part from stretch yarns after a
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
specified tension and extension.
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-
1.2 These test methods are intended for use with woven
drawn 2008)
fabrics exhibiting high stretch (greater than 12 percent) and
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
good recovery properties from low tension (up to 360 g/cm or
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
2 lb/in. of fabric width).When agreed upon, these test methods
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
can be used for fabrics woven in whole or in part from
Related Properties of Textiles
non-stretch yarns that exhibit limits within the stretch charac- D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
teristics shown above.
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
Methods
1.3 These test methods allow the use of two tension options
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
commonly used in the textile industry; 1.35 kg (3 lb) and 1.8
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
kg (4 lb). Several calculations are included for fabric stretch,
fabricgrowthandfabricrecovery,andcanbeusedindividually
3. Terminology
when required by individual specifications.
3.1 For all terminology related to Fabric, refer to Terminol-
ogy D4850.
1.4 These test methods should not be used to measure
breaking elongation of woven fabrics which is covered in Test
3.2 For all terminology related to Yarns and Fiber, refer to
Method D5035.
Terminology D4849.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.3 For all terminology related to Force, Deformation and
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, Related Properties of Textiles, refer to Terminology D4848
the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values 3.3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each benchmarks,fabricstretch,fabricgrowth,stretchyarn,tension
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.4 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
Terminology D123.
with the specification.
4. Summary of Test Methods
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Fabric Stretch under a Specified Tension—Bench marks
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ofaknowndistancearemadeonafabricspecimen.Aspecified
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tension is applied to a fabric specimen by a prescribed
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
technique and the resulting distance between bench marks
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
whilethespecimenisunderthetensionismeasured.Thefabric
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Methods, General. Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Originally approved in 1975 as D3107–75. Discontinued September 1999 and the ASTM website.
reinstated in 2003 as D3107–03. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
ε1
D3107–07 . DOI: 10.1520/D3107-07R11. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3107 − 07 (2011)
stretch is calculated from the length difference between bench 6.1.2 Separate Clamp, or other means of attaching a weight
marks prior to application of the tension and while under the with a known mass to the bottom of the test specimen.
tension. 6.1.3 Dowel Pin, or equivalent, approximately 6 mm ( ⁄4
in.) diameter
4.2 Fabric Growth after a Specified Tension—Bench marks
6.1.4 Scale, to measure the span of bench marks on the
ofaknowndistancearemadeonafabricspecimen.Aspecified
specimen graduated either in units of percent of original gage
tension is applied to a fabric specimen by a prescribed
length or 1 mm (0.5 in) 6 0.1 %.
technique. The tension is removed and after various time
6.1.5 Locking Mechanism, for the bottom clamp to maintain
intervals, the relaxed distance between the bench marks is
specimen extension.
remeasured. The fabric growth is calculated from the length
difference between the bench marks prior to application of the 6.2 Tensioning Weights, for each position, with an attached
tension and after relaxation.
hook, when combined with the clamp described in 6.1.2 and
the dowel pin described in 6.1.3 provides a total mass of 1.8 kg
4.3 Fabric Growth after Stretching to a Specified
(4 lb) for option 1 or 1.35 kg (3 lb) for option 2, each having
Extension—Bench marks of a known distance are made on a
tolerances of (6 1 %).
fabric specimen. A specimen, paired to one used in the fabric
stretch test, is held at a specified extension for a prescribed
6.3 Sanforized Marker or equivalent, to make the bench
period of time.The tension is then removed from the specimen
marks.
andthedistancebetweenthebenchmarksismeasuredafterthe
6.4 Timer, with increments of at least 10 s.
specimen has been allowed to relax for various time intervals.
The fabric growth at each time interval is calculated from the
7. Sampling and Test Specimens
distance between the bench marks of the specimen prior to
7.1 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
stretching and the length after each relaxation period at zero
a random number of shipping units directed in a applicable
tension.
material specification or other agreement between the pur-
4.4 Fabric Recovery—fabric recovery is calculated as the
chaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric or fabric
percentage of the fabric growth recovered with respect to the
components of fabricated systems to be the primary sampling
fabric growth determined after tension and/or after a specified
unit, as applicable.
extension obtained at the various relaxation intervals.
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
5. Significance and Use purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
between shipping units, between packages within a shipping unit, and
5.1 these test methods are used to determine the stretch,
between specimens from a single package to provide a sampling with a
growth and recovery properties that garments made with the
meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level and
limiting quality level.
fabric tested may be expected to exhibit during use.
7.2 Laboratory Sampling Unit—As a laboratory sampling
5.2 these test methods is not recommended for acceptance
unit take from rolls at least one full-width piece of fabric that
testing of commercial shipments because the between-
is1m(1yd)in length along the selvage (machine direction),
laboratory precision is known to be poor.
after removing a first1m(1yd) length. For fabric components
5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
of fabricated systems use the entire system.
tween reported test results for two or more laboratories,
comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to
7.3 Test Specimens and Preparation—From each laboratory
determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using
sampling unit, take three pairs of test specimens 65 by 560 mm
competent statistical assistance. Use test samples that are as
(2.5 by 22 in.) with the long direction parallel to the test
homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from
direction. Take specimens representing a broad distribution
which the disparate test results were obtained, and are ran-
from different positions diagonally across the width of the
domlyassignedinequalnumberstoeachlaboratoryfortesting.
laboratory sampling unit. Label to maintain specimen identity.
The test results from the two laboratories should be compared
7.3.1 Whenanend-useproductorgarmentisprovided,take
using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level
specimens from different areas. That is, if the product is a
chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its
garment worn on the upper body, if possible, take specimens
causemustbefoundandcorrected,orfuturetestresultsforthat
from the shoulder, shirt tail, shirt back and front, and sleeve. In
material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
some cases, the size of the specimen panels may not always
allow taking 560 mm (22 in.) long specimens in the test
5.3 Some stretch fabrics are constructed with stretch yarns
direction.
in only the filling direction. Consequently, for those fabrics,
7.3.2 For fabric widths 125 mm (5 in.) or more, take no
only the filling direction needs to be tested.
specimen closer than 25 mm (1 in.) from the selvage edges of
6. Apparatus
the laboratory sampling unit.
7.3.3 For fabric widths less than 125 mm (5 in.), use the
6.1 Stretch Testing Instrument consisting of the following:
entire width of the laboratory sampling unit for specimens.
6.1.1 Frame or Board with a fixed clamp at the top.
7.3.4 Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, or
wrinkles.Avoidgettingoil,water,grease,etc.onthespecimens
Apparatus is commercially available. when handling.
D3107 − 07 (2011)
7.3.5 If the fabric has a pattern, ensure that the specimens 10.3.6.1 Immediately (within 10 s). Record as distance A.
are a representative sampling of the pattern.
10.3.6.2 After 30 6 1 min Record as distance B.
7.3.6 Ravel the specimens to a width of 50 6 1 mm (2.00 6
10.4 Fabric Growth after applying a Specified Tension:
0.05 in.) taking approximately the same number of yarns from
10.4.1 After following the directions in 10.3, remove the
each side of the specimen.
tension weight and allow to recover without tension. Deter-
7.3.7 Fold one end of the specimen 32 mm (1.25 in.) and
mine fabric growth after specified tension as applicable to a
stitch a seam approximately 25 mm (1 in.) from the fold.
material specification or contact order as directed in
7.3.8 Cut a slit approximately 10 mm ( ⁄8 in.) long in the
10.4.1.1-10.4.1.5. Measure the distance between bench marks
center of the strip on the fold.
to the nearest 1 % of original gage length after the tension is
7.3.9 Lay the specimen on a smooth flat surface and allow
removed as follows. In the absence of a material specification
to relax for 30 minutes.
or contract order, use 10.4.1.2.
8. Conditioning 10.4.1.1 Immediate (within 10 s) Record as distance C.
10.4.1.2 After 30 6 1 s record as distance D.
8.1 Bring the test specimens to moisture equilibrium for
10.4.1.3 After 30 6 1 min. record as distance E.
testing in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as
directed in Practice D1776 or, if applicable, in the specified 10.4.1.4 After 1 h 6 1 min. record as distance F.
atmosphere in which the testing is to be performed.
10.4.1.5 After 2 h 6 1 min. record as distance G.
10.4.2 Remove the tested specimens, in turn, and continue
9. Preparation of Test Apparatus and Calibration
as directed in section 10.3 and 10.4 until 3 specimens have
9.1 Verify measuring scales and tension weights are within
been tested for each laboratory sampling unit.
calibration.
10.5 Fabric Growth after Stretching to a Specified Exten-
sion:
10. Procedure
10.5.1 Place the second specimen of the pair in the stretch
10.1 Test the test specimens in the standard atmosphere for
testing equipment as directed in 10.3.1, then measure and
testing textiles, as described in Practice D1776. Handle the test
recordthedistancebetweenthebenchmarkstothenearest1 %
specimens carefully to avoid altering the natural state of the
of original gage and record as Distance O (original before
material.
stretch).
10.2 Placebenchmarksatleast250 61mm(10 60.05in.)
10.5.2 Extend the specimen 85 % of the average fabric
apart in the center of the specimen.
stretch calculated in 11.1.1, Eq 2 and hold for a period of 30 6
10.3 Fabric Stretch after applying a Specified Tension:
1 min. Record as distance H.
10.3.1 Select the tension option (1) 1.8 kg (4.0 lb) or (2)
10.5.3 After 30 6 1 min, release the specimen from the
1.35 kg (3 lb) as directed in a material specification or contract
bottom clamp and allow it to hang freely.
order. In the absence of a material specification or contract
10.5.4 Determine fabric growth after extension as appli-
order use option 1.
cable to a material specification or contract order as directed in
10.3.2 Clamp the end of one specimen in the top clamp of
10.5.4.1-10.5.4.4. Measure the distance between bench marks
the stretch tester so that the folded and sewn loop end hangs
to the nearest 1 % of original gage length after the tension is
freely.
removed as follows. In the absence of a material specification
10.3.3 Measure and record the distance between the bench
or contract order, use 10.5.4.2.
marks to the nearest 1 % or 1 mm (0.05 in.) and record as
10.5.4.1 after 30 6 1 s. record as distance I.
Distance O (original before tension is applied).
10.5.4.2 after 30 6 1 min. record as distance J.
10.3.4 Insert a dowel pin, or equivalent, through the loop
10.5.4.3 after 1 h 6 1 min. record as distance K.
and place the tension weight hook through the slit in the fold
10.5.4.4 after 2 h 6 1 min. record as distance L.
and over the dowel pin, thereby providing the specified tension
10.5.5 Remove the tested specimens, in turn, and continue
to the specimen.
as directed in 10.5 until 3 specimens have been tested for each
10.3.5 Pre-stress the specimen slowly by cycling 3 times
laboratory sampling unit.
between 0 and the total tension specified. A complete cycle
should take approximate
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