ASTM C1359-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Monotonic Tensile Strength Testing of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics With Solid Rectangular Cross-Section Test Specimens at Elevated Temperatures
Standard Test Method for Monotonic Tensile Strength Testing of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics With Solid Rectangular Cross-Section Test Specimens at Elevated Temperatures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, reliability assessment, and design data generation.
Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites generally characterized by crystalline matrices and ceramic fiber reinforcements are candidate materials for structural applications requiring high degrees of wear and corrosion resistance, and elevated-temperature inherent damage tolerance (that is, toughness). In addition, continuous fiber-reinforced glass (amorphous) matrix composites are candidate materials for similar but possibly less-demanding applications. Although flexural test methods are commonly used to evaluate strengths of monolithic advanced ceramics, the non-uniform stress distribution of the flexure test specimen in addition to dissimilar mechanical behavior in tension and compression for CFCCs leads to ambiguity of interpretation of strength results obtained from flexure tests for CFCCs. Uniaxially-loaded tensile-strength tests provide information on mechanical behavior and strength for a uniformly stressed material.
Unlike monolithic advanced ceramics that fracture catastrophically from a single dominant flaw, CFCCs generally experience ′graceful' (that is, non-catastrophic, ductile-like stress-strain behavior) fracture from a cumulative damage process. Therefore, the volume of material subjected to a uniform tensile stress for a single uniaxially-loaded tensile test may not be as significant a factor in determining the ultimate strengths of CFCCs. However, the need to test a statistically significant number of tensile test specimens is not obviated. Therefore, because of the probabilistic nature of the strengths of the brittle fibers and matrices of CFCCs, a sufficient number of test specimens at each testing condition is required for statistical analysis and design. Studies to determine the influence of test specimen volume or surface area on strength distributions for CFCCs h...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile strength including stress-strain behavior under monotonic uniaxial loading of continuous fiber-reinforced advanced ceramics at elevated temperatures. This test method addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries as listed in the appendix. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes (force, displacement, or strain control), testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain rate), allowable bending, temperature control, temperature gradients, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Tensile strength as used in this test method refers to the tensile strength obtained under monotonic uniaxial loading where monotonic refers to a continuous nonstop test rate with no reversals from test initiation to final fracture.
1.2 This test method applies primarily to advanced ceramic matrix composites with continuous fiber reinforcement: uni-directional (1-D), bi-directional (2-D), and tri-directional (3-D) or other multi-directional reinforcements. In addition, this test method may also be used with glass (amorphous) matrix composites with 1-D, 2-D, 3-D and other multi-directional continuous fiber reinforcements. This test method does not directly address discontinuous fiber-reinforced, whisker-reinforced, or particulate-reinforced ceramics, although the test methods detailed here may be equally applicable to these composites.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard and are in accordance with .
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Refer to Section 7 for specific precautions.
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Designation: C1359 − 11
StandardTest Method for
Monotonic Tensile Strength Testing of Continuous Fiber-
Reinforced Advanced Ceramics With Solid Rectangular
1
Cross-Section Test Specimens at Elevated Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile
2.1 ASTM Standards:
strength including stress-strain behavior under monotonic uni- C1145Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
axialloadingofcontinuousfiber-reinforcedadvancedceramics
D3878Terminology for Composite Materials
atelevatedtemperatures.Thistestmethodaddresses,butisnot E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries as
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
listed in the appendix. In addition, test specimen fabrication E21TestMethodsforElevatedTemperatureTensionTestsof
methods,testingmodes(force,displacement,orstraincontrol), Metallic Materials
testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain E83Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
rate), allowable bending, temperature control, temperature someter Systems
gradients, and data collection and reporting procedures are E220Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
addressed.Tensile strength as used in this test method refers to Comparison Techniques
the tensile strength obtained under monotonic uniaxial loading E337Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
where monotonic refers to a continuous nonstop test rate with chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
no reversals from test initiation to final fracture. peratures)
E1012Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
1.2 This test method applies primarily to advanced ceramic
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
matrix composites with continuous fiber reinforcement: uni-
Force Application
directional(1-D),bi-directional(2-D),andtri-directional(3-D)
SI10-02IEEE/ASTMSI10 AmericanNationalStandardfor
or other multi-directional reinforcements. In addition, this test
UseoftheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):TheModern
method may also be used with glass (amorphous) matrix
Metric System
composites with 1-D, 2-D, 3-D and other multi-directional
continuous fiber reinforcements. This test method does not
3. Terminology
directly address discontinuous fiber-reinforced, whisker-
reinforced,orparticulate-reinforcedceramics,althoughthetest
3.1 Definitions:
methods detailed here may be equally applicable to these
3.1.1 Definitions of terms relating to tensile testing, ad-
composites.
vanced ceramics, fiber-reinforced composites as they appear in
Terminology E6, Terminology C1145, and Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D3878, respectively, apply to the terms used in this test
standard and are in accordance with .
method. Pertinent definitions are shown in the following with
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the appropriate source given in parentheses. Additional terms
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
used in conjunction with this test method are defined in 3.2.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.1 advanced ceramic, n—highly engineered, high-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Refer to Section 7
performance predominately nonmetallic, inorganic, ceramic
for specific precautions.
material having specific functional attributes. C1145
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on
Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.07 on
2
Ceramic Matrix Composites. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 15, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C1359–05. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C1359-11. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1359 − 11
–1
3.2.2 axial strain [LL ], n—average longitudinal strains 3.2.12.1 Discussion
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1359–05 Designation:C1359–11
Standard Test Method for
Monotonic Tensile Strength Testing of Continuous Fiber-
Reinforced Advanced Ceramics With Solid Rectangular
1
Cross-Section Test Specimens at Elevated Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile strength including stress-strain behavior under monotonic uniaxial
loadingofcontinuousfiber-reinforcedadvancedceramicsatelevatedtemperatures.Thistestmethodaddresses,butisnotrestricted
to, various suggested test specimen geometries as listed in the appendix. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing
modes (force, displacement, or strain control), testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain rate), allowable
bending, temperature control, temperature gradients, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Tensile strength
as used in this test method refers to the tensile strength obtained under monotonic uniaxial loading where monotonic refers to a
continuous nonstop test rate with no reversals from test initiation to final fracture.
1.2 This test method applies primarily to advanced ceramic matrix composites with continuous fiber reinforcement:
uni-directional (1-D), bi-directional (2-D), and tri-directional (3-D) or other multi-directional reinforcements. In addition, this test
method may also be used with glass (amorphous) matrix composites with 1-D, 2-D, 3-D and other multi-directional continuous
fiber reinforcements. This test method does not directly address discontinuous fiber-reinforced, whisker-reinforced, or particulate-
reinforced ceramics, although the test methods detailed here may be equally applicable to these composites.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard and are in accordance with SI10-02 IEEE/ASTM SI 10 .
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Refer to Section 7 for specific precautions.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)
E1012 PracticeforVerificationofTestFrameandSpecimenAlignmentUnderTensileandCompressiveAxialForceApplication
SI10-02 IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI):The Modern Metric
System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions of terms relating to tensile testing, advanced ceramics, fiber-reinforced composites as they appear in
Terminology E6, Terminology C1145, and Terminology D3878, respectively, apply to the terms used in this test method. Pertinent
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C28 onAdvanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.07 on Ceramic Matrix
Composites.
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C1359–96 (2000). DOI:
10.1520/C1359-05.
Current edition approved July 15, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C1359 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/C1359-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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