ASTM E456-06
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is the general terminology standard for terms defined in the standards of Committee E11 on Quality and Statistics.
1.2 A term in this standard which lists an attribution to an E11 technical standard indicates that the standard is normative for that term. Any changes in the term definition in the normative standard will be editorially changed in this standard. Any terms added to an E11 standard will be editorially added to this standard with an attribution to that standard.
1.3 Term definitions that are similar to ISO 3534 will be noted in this standard, but ISO 3534 will not be considered normative for any E11 terms.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation:E456–06
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Quality and Statistics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope a Fraction or Number of Non-Conforming items, or a Rate
of Occurrence for Non-conformities, UsingAttribute Data,
1.1 This standard is the general terminology standard for
When There is a Zero Response in the Sample
terms defined in the standards of Committee E11 on Quality
E2489 Practice for StatisticalAnalysis of One-Sample and
and Statistics.
Two-Sample Interlaboratory Proficiency Testing Programs
1.2 A term in this standard which lists an attribution to an
2.2 ISO Standards:
E11 technical standard indicates that the standard is normative
ISO 3534 Statistics-Vocabulary and Symbols
for that term. Any changes in the term definition in the
Part 1: Probability and General Statistical Terms
normativestandardwillbeeditoriallychangedinthisstandard.
Part 2: Applied Statistics
Any terms added to an E11 standard will be editorially added
to this standard with an attribution to that standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 Term definitions that are similar to ISO3534 will be
noted in this standard, but ISO3534 will not be considered acceptance (control chart or acceptance control chart
usage, ), n—a decision that the process is operating in a
normative for any E11 terms.
satisfactory manner with respect to the statistical measures
2. Referenced Documents
being plotted: action limits: control limits.
2
2.1 ASTM E11 Standards with terms in this standard: acceptance quality limit AQL , n—quality limit that is the
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to worst tolerable process average when a continuing series of
Determine Conformance with Specifications lots is submitted for acceptance sampling. E 2234
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
ASTM Test Methods agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations as: (1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
E1169 Guide for Conducting Ruggedness Tests principles, (2) an assigned or certified value, based on
E1325 Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments experimental work of some national or international organi-
E1488 Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Develop- zation, or (3) a consensus or certified value, based on
ing and Applying Test Methods collaborative experimental work under the auspices of a
E1994 Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and scientific or engineering group. E 177
LTPD Sampling Plans accuracy, n—the closeness of agreement between a test result
E2234 Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by and an accepted reference value. E 177
Attributes Indexed by AQL aliases, n—in a fractional factorial design,twoormoreeffects
E2281 Practice for Process and Measurement Capability which are estimated by the same contrast and which,
Indices therefore, cannot be estimated separately. E 1325
E2282 GuideforDefiningtheTestResultofaTestMethod assignable cause, n—afactorthatcontributestovariation,and
E2334 PracticeforSettinganUpperConfidenceBoundFor which is feasible to detect and identify.
NOTE 1—Many factors will contribute to variation but it may not be
feasible (economically or otherwise) to identify some of them.
1
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE11onQuality
and Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.70 on Editorial/
attribute data, n—observed values or determinations which
Terminology.
indicate the presence or absence of specific characteristics.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally
e1
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E456–04 .
DISCUSSION—Itemsorunitsofmaterialmaybeevaluatedbycounting
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
or measurement. Attributes are counted whereas variables are mea-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
sured. Attribute distributions are discrete. See variables data.
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E456–06
attributes, method of, n—measurement of quality by the cla
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