ASTM F3189-20

Standard Test Method for Measuring Force Reduction, Vertical Deformation, and Energy Restitution of Synthetic Turf Systems Using the Advanced Artificial Athlete

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The dynamic interaction between the athlete and the synthetic turf surface affects the comfort and the performance of the athlete. Interaction with a surface that has low amounts of deformation and shock absorption allows the player to run fast and turn quickly, but has the potential to cause discomfort and damage to the lower extremity joints. Synthetic turf surfaces having high deformation have lower energy restitution. Less of the energy exerted by the athlete returns from the surface, possibly increasing the fatigue for the performing athlete.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a method for measuring force reduction, vertical deformation, and energy restitution of synthetic turf surfaces.  
1.2 This method is used to characterize properties of synthetic turf systems including the turf fabric, infill material, and shock pad (if applicable).  
1.3 It can be used for characterizing synthetic turf systems in laboratory environment or in the field.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2020
• ICS: 97.220.10 - Sports facilities
• Technical Committee: F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
• Drafting Committee: F08.65 - Artificial Turf Surfaces and Systems

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F3189 −20 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Force Reduction, Vertical Deformation, and
Energy Restitution of Synthetic Turf Systems Using the
1
Advanced Artificial Athlete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3189; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method specifies a method for measuring force
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
reduction, vertical deformation, and energy restitution of syn-
3.1.1 energy restitution (ER), n—a measure of the energy
thetic turf surfaces.
returned by the synthetic turf surface after the impact force has
been applied.
1.2 This method is used to characterize properties of syn-
thetic turf systems including the turf fabric, infill material, and
3.1.2 energy restitution coeffıcient, n—the ratio of the dy-
shock pad (if applicable).
namic load energy applied to the surface to the energy returned
1.3 It can be used for characterizing synthetic turf systems by the surface.
in laboratory environment or in the field.
3.1.3 force reduction (FR), n—the ability of a synthetic turf
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
sports surface to reduce the impact force of a mass falling onto
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this that surface.
standard.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The reduction in impact force for this
test method is expressed as a percentage reduction when
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
compared to a reference force of 6760 N. The reference force
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
is the theoretical maximum impact force that occurs when the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
test is performed on a rigid surface (concrete).
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 synthetic turf system, n—all components of the syn-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
thetic turf surface and subsurface that have the potential to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
influence the dynamic properties of the surface.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.4.1 Discussion—These include any shock pads or dy-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
namic base constructions installed as part of the synthetic turf
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
system.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.5 vertical deformation (Def), n—a measure of the dis-
2. Referenced Documents
tance a test foot penetrates into the surface when a standard
2
impact force is applied.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
3.2 Symbols:
2
ASTM Test Methods
3.2.1 A—acceleration in m/s .
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
3.2.2 Def—deformation in millimeters.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3.2.3 E—energy in Joules.
1
3.2.4 ER—energy restitution.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
3.2.5 F—force in Newtons.
Subcommittee F08.65 on Artificial Turf Surfaces and Systems.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally
3.2.6 FR—force reduction in %.
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F3189 – 17. DOI:
10.1520/F3189-20.
3.2.7 g—acceleration due to gravity.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.8 R—coefficient of restitution.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 3.2.9 t—time in seconds.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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F3189−20
4. Summary of Test Method 6.1.1 Laboratory tests shall be conducted on samples of the
complete turf system. The test sample shall have nominal
4.1 Amass with a spring attached is allowed to fall onto the
dimensions of 1 m by 1 m. The turf samples shall be prepared
test surface. The acceleration of the mass is recorded from the
in accordance with the manufacturers stated method.
moment of re
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F3189 − 17 F3189 − 20 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Force Reduction, Vertical Deformation, and
Energy Restitution of Synthetic Turf Systems Using the
1
Advanced Artificial Athlete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3189; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method specifies a method for measuring force reduction, vertical deformation, and energy restitution of synthetic
turf surfaces.
1.2 This method is used to characterize properties of synthetic turf systems including the turf fabric, infill material, and shock pad
(if applicable).
1.3 It can be used for characterizing synthetic turf systems in laboratory environment or in the field.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 energy restitution (ER), n—a measure of the energy returned by the synthetic turf surface after the impact force has been
applied.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F08.65 on Artificial Turf Surfaces and Systems.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017Nov. 1, 2020. Published February 2017December 2020. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
F3189 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/F3189-17.10.1520/F3189-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3189 − 20
3.1.2 energy restitution coeffıcient, n—the ratio of the dynamic load energy applied to the surface to the energy returned by the
surface.
3.1.3 force reduction (FR), n—the ability of a synthetic turf sports surface to reduce the impact force of a mass falling onto that
surface.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
The reduction in impact force for this test method is expressed as a percentage reduction when compared to a reference force of
6760 N. The reference force is the theoretical maximum impact force that occurs when the test is performed on a rigid surface
(concrete).
3.1.4 synthetic turf system, n—all components of the synthetic turf surface and subsurface that have the potential to influence the
dynamic properties of the surface.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—
These include any shock pads or dynamic base constructions installed as part of the synthetic turf system.
3.1.5 vertical deformation (Def), n—a measure of the distance a test foot penetrates into the surface when a standard impact force
is applied.
3.2 Symbols:
2
3.2.1 A—acceleration in m/s .
3.2.2 Def—deformation in millimeters.
3.2.3 E—energy in Joules.
3.2.4 ER—energy restitution.
3.2.5 F—force in Newtons.
3.2.6 FR—force reduction in %.
3.2.7 g—acceleration due to gravity.
3.2.8 R—coefficient of restitution.
3.2.9 t—time in seconds.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A mass with a spring attached is allowed to fall onto the test surface. The acceleration of the mass is recorded from the moment
of release until after its impact with the turf surface. Force Reduction is
...