ASTM D6038-21

Standard Test Methods for Determining the Compatibility of Resin/Solvent Mixtures by Precipitation Temperature (Cloud Point)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods provide a means of determining the compatibility of a resin (or vehicle), at low concentrations, in a high boiling ink solvent.  
5.2 Resin-solvent mixtures that exhibit a high precipitation temperature are less compatible than those exhibiting a low precipitation temperature.  
5.3 Resin-solvent mixtures that exhibit precipitation temperatures at or close to the cloud point of the pure solvent are considered infinitely compatible or the resin is infinitely soluble in that solvent.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the manual and automatic procedures for testing the compatibility of lithographic ink resins in high boiling ink solvents by precipitation temperature (cloud point) in a range from 35 to 210°C.  
1.2 The manual procedure in this test method uses laboratory equipment generally available in a normal, well-equipped laboratory. The automated procedure uses a programmable cloud point tester.  
1.3 This test method is for use with ink resins intended mainly for oil-based offset and letterpress inks. The type of resins are typically, but not limited to C9 aromatic hydrocarbon resins, modified dicyclopentadiene resins, rosin pentaerythritol or glycerol esters, phenolic modified rosin esters, maleic anhydride modified-rosin esters, and naturally occurring resins such as gilsonite.  
1.4 A resin solution or ink vehicle could also be used in this test instead of the resin.  
1.5 The typical high boiling solvents to be used are C12 to C16 petroleum distillates.  
1.6 To avoid fire or injury, this test method should not be used with low flash point solvents such as toluene or xylene. The minimum flash point of the solvents used should be 60°C as determined by Test Method D56.  
Note 1: Users of this test method should be aware that the flash point of many solvents used for this test (as defined in Test Methods D56 and D1310) is exceeded in the heating cycle of this test method. Safety precautions should be taken since there is the potential for vapor ignition. The method outlined should be done in a shielded exhaust hood, where there is access to a fire extinguisher if needed.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2021
• ICS: 83.040.01 - Raw materials for rubber and plastics in general
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.37 - Ink Vehicles

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6038 − 21
Standard Test Methods for
Determining the Compatibility of Resin/Solvent Mixtures by
1
Precipitation Temperature (Cloud Point)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6038; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover the manual and automatic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
procedures for testing the compatibility of lithographic ink
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
resins in high boiling ink solvents by precipitation temperature
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(cloud point) in a range from 35 to 210°C.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 The manual procedure in this test method uses labora-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tory equipment generally available in a normal, well-equipped
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
laboratory. The automated procedure uses a programmable
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
cloud point tester.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 This test method is for use with ink resins intended
mainly for oil-based offset and letterpress inks. The type of
2. Referenced Documents
resins are typically, but not limited to C aromatic hydrocarbon
9
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
resins, modified dicyclopentadiene resins, rosin pentaerythritol
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
or glycerol esters, phenolic modified rosin esters, maleic
D1310 TestMethodforFlashPointandFirePointofLiquids
anhydride modified-rosin esters, and naturally occurring resins
by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
such as gilsonite.
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
1.4 Aresin solution or ink vehicle could also be used in this
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
test instead of the resin. 3
cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
1.5 The typical high boiling solvents to be used are C to E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
12
C petroleum distillates. Determine the Precision of a Test Method
16
1.6 To avoid fire or injury, this test method should not be
3. Terminology
used with low flash point solvents such as toluene or xylene.
3.1 Definitions:
The minimum flash point of the solvents used should be 60°C
3.1.1 cloud point, n—(precipitation temperature) the tem-
as determined by Test Method D56.
perature at which a resin/solvent mixture changes from clear to
NOTE 1—Users of this test method should be aware that the flash point
turbid and opaque.
of many solvents used for this test (as defined in Test Methods D56 and
3.1.2 compatibility, n—resin and solvent mixture forms a
D1310) is exceeded in the heating cycle of this test method. Safety
clear, homogeneous, and stable solution at room temperature.
precautions should be taken since there is the potential for vapor ignition.
The method outlined should be done in a shielded exhaust hood, where
3.1.3 incompatibility, n—resin and solvent mixture does not
there is access to a fire extinguisher if needed.
form a uniform solution and may be in two phases or opaque.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.4 n—degrees of freedom.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.5 precipitation,n—resinseparatesfromtheresin/solvent
standard.
mixture.
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2021. Published February 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D6038 – 14. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D6038-21. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6038 − 14 D6038 − 21
Standard Test Methods for
Determining the Compatibility of Resin/Solvent Mixtures by
1
Precipitation Temperature (Cloud Point)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6038; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the manual and automatic procedures for testing the compatibility of lithographic ink resins in high
boiling ink solvents by precipitation temperature (cloud point) in a range from 35 to 210°C.
1.2 The manual procedure in this test method uses laboratory equipment generally available in a normal, well-equipped laboratory.
The automated procedure uses a programmable cloudpoint cloud point tester.
1.3 This test method is for use with ink resins intended mainly for oil-based offset and letterpress inks. The type of resins are
typically, but not limited to C aromatic hydrocarbon resins, modified dicyclopentadiene resins, rosin pentaerythritol or glycerol
9
esters, phenolic modified rosin esters, maleic anhydride modified-rosin esters, and naturally occurring resins such as gilsonite.
1.4 A resin solution or ink vehicle could also be used in this test instead of the resin.
1.5 The typical high boiling solvents to be used are C to C petroleum distillates.
12 16
1.6 To avoid fire or injury, or both, to the operator, this test method should not be used with low flash point solvents such as toluene
or xylene. The minimum flash point of the solvents used should be 60°C as determined by Test Method D56.
NOTE 1—Users of this test method should be aware that the flash point of many solvents used for this test (as defined in Test Methods D56 and D1310)
is exceeded in the heating cycle of this test method. Safety precautions should be taken since there is the potential for vapor ignition. The method outlined
should be done in a shielded exhaust hood, where there is access to a fire extinguisher if needed.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014Feb. 1, 2021. Published January 2014February 2021. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20052014 as
ε1
D6038 – 05D6038 – 14. . DOI: 10.1520/D6038-14.10.1520/D6038-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D6038 − 21
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 cloud point, n—(precipitation temperature) the temperature at which a resin/solvent mixture changes from clear to turbid and
opaque.
3.1.2 compatibility, n—resin and solvent mixture forms a clear, homogeneous, and stable solution at room temperature.
3.1.3 incompatibility, n—resin and solvent mixture does not form a uniform solution and may be in two phases or opaque.
3.1.4 n—degrees of freedom.
3.1.5 precipitation, n—resin separates from the resin/solvent mixture.
...