ASTM D2732-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Unrestrained Linear Thermal Shrinkage of Plastic Film and Sheeting
Standard Test Method for Unrestrained Linear Thermal Shrinkage of Plastic Film<brk/> and Sheeting
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 As a result of the manufacturing process, internal stresses may be locked into the film which can be released by heating. The temperature at which shrinkage will occur is related to the processing techniques employed to manufacture the film and may also be related to a phase transition in the base resin. The magnitude of the shrinkage will vary with the temperature of the film.
4.2 Shrinkage of a particular material produced by a particular process may be characterized by this test method by making measurements at several temperatures through the shrinkage range of the material.
4.3 Following a characterization in a particular case, it is usually sufficient thereafter to measure shrinkage at only one selected temperature for purposes of process or quality control, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the degree of unrestrained linear thermal shrinkage at given specimen temperatures of plastic film and sheeting of 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) thickness or less. This test method does not cover shrinkage from loss of solvent in some materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This standard and ISO 11501 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.
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Designation: D2732 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Unrestrained Linear Thermal Shrinkage of Plastic Film
1
and Sheeting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2732; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers determination of the degree of 3.1 Definitions:
unrestrained linear thermal shrinkage at given specimen tem- 3.1.1 unrestrained linear thermal shrinkage (free shrink or
peratures of plastic film and sheeting of 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) shrinkage)—the irreversible and rapid reduction in linear
thickness or less. This test method does not cover shrinkage dimension in a specified direction occurring in film subjected
from loss of solvent in some materials. to elevated temperatures under conditions where nil or negli-
gible restraint to inhibit shrinkage is present. It is normally
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
expressed as a percentage of the original dimension.
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
4. Significance and Use
tion only and are not considered standard.
4.1 As a result of the manufacturing process, internal
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
stresses may be locked into the film which can be released by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
heating. The temperature at which shrinkage will occur is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
related to the processing techniques employed to manufacture
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
thefilmandmayalsoberelatedtoaphasetransitioninthebase
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
resin. The magnitude of the shrinkage will vary with the
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO 11501 address the same subject matter,
temperature of the film.
but differ in technical content.
4.2 Shrinkage of a particular material produced by a par-
2. Referenced Documents
ticular process may be characterized by this test method by
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: making measurements at several temperatures through the
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing shrinkage range of the material.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
4.3 Following a characterization in a particular case, it is
D1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
usually sufficient thereafter to measure shrinkage at only one
Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated
selected temperature for purposes of process or quality control,
Temperature
or both.
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
5. Apparatus
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
5.1 Constant-Temperature Liquid Bath, capable of control-
ISO 11501 Determination of Dimensional Change on Heat-
ling accurately to 60.5°C.
ing
5.1.1 The liquid for the bath should not plasticize or react
with the specimens. Poly(ethylene glycol), glycerin, and water
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
have been found to have wide applicability.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and
Molded Products.
5.2 Thermometer—ASTM Thermometer S5C-11 conform-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally
ing to the requirements as prescribed in Specification E2251.
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2732 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/D2732-14.
5.3 Square Metal Stamp, 100 by 100 mm, with engraved
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
arrow indicating machine direction of film and stamp pad and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ink. (The ink should not be soluble in the bath liquid.)
the ASTM website.
3
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., NOTE 2—Ametal die or template (100 by 100 mm) can be used instead
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. of the square metal stamp.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2732 − 14
5.4 Free Shrink Holder—A holder designed for test of a 7.2 Test Conditions—Set the liquid bath temperature to
single specimen, such as that shown
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2732 − 08 D2732 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Unrestrained Linear Thermal Shrinkage of Plastic Film
1
and Sheeting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2732; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers determination of the degree of unrestrained linear thermal shrinkage at given specimen temperatures
of plastic film and sheeting of 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) thickness or less. This test method does not cover shrinkage from loss of solvent
in some materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This document is not equivalent to ISO 11501.standard and ISO 11501 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
E1E2251 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersLiquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard
Precision Liquids
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 11501 Determination of Dimensional Change on Heating
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 unrestrained linear thermal shrinkage (free shrink or shrinkage)—the irreversible and rapid reduction in linear dimension
in a specified direction occurring in film subjected to elevated temperatures under conditions where nil or negligible restraint to
inhibit shrinkage is present. It is normally expressed as a percentage of the original dimension.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 As a result of the manufacturing process, internal stresses may be locked into the film which can be released by heating.
The temperature at which shrinkage will occur is related to the processing techniques employed to manufacture the film and may
also be related to a phase transition in the base resin. The magnitude of the shrinkage will vary with the temperature of the film.
4.2 Shrinkage of a particular material produced by a particular process may be characterized by this test method by making
measurements at several temperatures through the shrinkage range of the material.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and Molded
Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008Dec. 1, 2014. Published November 2008December 2014. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20032008
as D2732 – 03.D2732 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/D2732-08.10.1520/D2732-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2732 − 14
4.3 Following a characterization in a particular case, it is usually sufficient thereafter to measure shrinkage at only one selected
temperature for purposes of process or quality control, or both.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Constant-Temperature Liquid Bath, capable of controlling accurately to 60.5°C.
5.1.1 The liquid for the bath should not plasticize or react with the specimens. Poly(ethylene glycol), glycerin, and water have
been found to have wide applicability.
5.2 Thermometer—ASTM Thermometer 1 C S5C-11 conforming to the requirements as prescribed in Specific
...
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