ASTM D2741-95(2001)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Susceptibility of Polyethylene Bottles to Soot Accumulation
Standard Test Method for Susceptibility of Polyethylene Bottles to Soot Accumulation
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative susceptibility of polyethylene bottles to soot accumulation.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1--There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 and Note 7.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D2741–95 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Susceptibility of Polyethylene Bottles to Soot
Accumulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2741; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope comparing the amount of carbon particles accumulated on the
bottle to that shown on a preestablished graded scale.
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftherelative
susceptibility of polyethylene bottles to soot accumulation.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.1 This test method provides a useful means for determin-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
ing the relative susceptibility of polyethylene bottles to accu-
only.
mulate soot. In particular, this test method has been found
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
useful in evaluating antistatic additives or antistatic bottle
surface treatments, or both. Experience has shown that the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the behavior of bottles in this test can be directly related to dust
and lint accumulation under actual use conditions.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.2 This test method provides a means of accelerating soot
accumulation. However, the correlation of the results of this
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary statements are given in Section 8 and Note 7. test method to actual use conditions must be established for
each application.
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 Although no formal round-robin testing has been done
2.1 ASTM Standards: on other types of plastics, this test method has been found
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing useful for testing other than polyethylene plastics.
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics 5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference
E 104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity shouldbemadetothespecificationofthematerialbeingtested.
by Means of Aqueous Solutions Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or
testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the
3. Terminology
materials specification shall take precedence over those men-
3.1 Definitions: tioned in this test method. If there are no material specifica-
3.1.1 Standard definitions for plastics as they appear in
tions, then the default conditions apply.
Terminology D 883 shall apply.
6. Apparatus
3.1.2 soot—thefinelydividedcarbonrichparticlesresulting
3 3
from incomplete combustion of an organic material. 6.1 Soot Test Chamber, having a 0.066-m (2.3-ft ) testing
volume essentially like that shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
4. Summary of Test Method
Chambers of other design (normally larger or having multiple
4.1 An electrostatic charge is generated on the bottle sur- test chambers to allow testing of greater numbers of bottles at
face. Under controlled conditions, the charged samples are
the same time) that provide comparable results are considered
exposed in a chamber to soot created by burning toluene- acceptable alternatives. With such chambers it is essential that
wetted filter paper. Soot accumulation is rated visually by
thefollowingitemsbesizedandkeptindirectproportiontothe
total test chamber volume:
6.1.1 Blower or fan size,
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
6.1.2 Amount of filter paper and toluene, and
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Products.
6.1.3 Amount of drying agent if required.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1995. Published January 1996. Originally
published as D 2741 – 68. Last previous edition D 2741 – 91.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Schanzle, R. E., “New Test for Plastics Antistatics,” Modern Packaging,
the ASTM website. MOPAA, May 1964, pp. 129, 130, and 204.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
D2741–95 (2001)
FIG. 1 Smoke Chamber for Plastic Bottle Soot Accumulation Test
6.2 Manifold System has been proven desirable for uniform 6.7 Relative Humidity Indicator.
air circulation in larger units. Experience has shown that 0.05
2 3 3
7. Materials
mL of toluene on 452 mm of filter paper/0.028 m (1 ft)of
test chamber volume produces a satisfactory smoke concentra-
7.1 Trichlorethylene, Caution, see 8.1.
tion. The test chamber shall be equipped with:
7.2 Toluene, Caution, see Section 8.
6.2.1 Means for maintaining a 15 6 5 % relative humidity
7.3 Calcium Chloride, or equivalent granules, 8-mesh.
atmosphere (Note 2),
NOTE 3—Not required when humidity reduction is obtained by other
6.2.2 A fan or blower for air circulation,
means.
6.2.3 Means for igniting toluene wetted filter paper, and
6.2.4 Removable 80-mesh wire screens covering test cham-
8. Safety Precautions
ber inlet and outlet.
8.1 Usecautionwhenhandlingtolueneandtrichlorethylene.
Small quantities may produce noticeable toxic effects if in-
NOTE 2—The test chamber described in this procedure provides for
humidity reduction by means of a chemical drying agent contained within haled, contacted, or ingested. Have adequate ventilation.
the chamber. However, satisfactory results have been obtained by locating
8.2 Have a fire extinguisher nearby when handling and
the chamber in a room maintained in 15 % humidity or by use of other air
igniting toluene.
drying equipment.
9. Test Specimens
6.3 Tongs.
6.4 Dry Cloth.
9.1 The test specimens shall be the plastic bottles under
6.5 Paper Towels.
investigation. For accurate determination of relative soot ac-
6.6 Filter Paper, 24 mm in diameter, ashless type.
cumulation properties, all of the bottles should be of the same
4 5
Kaypee IndustrialWipes,Tidi-Unidisco Co.,Troy, MI, or equivalent have been Abbeon Relative Humidity Indicator Model HTAB-169, Abbeon Cal, Inc.,
found satisfactory for this purpose. 123-56Y Gray Avenue, Santa Barbara, CA 93101.
D2741–95 (2001)
FIG. 2 Special Construction Details for Soot Accumulation Smoke Chamber
NOTE 5—White pigmented bottles made from high-density polyethyl-
configuration. The specimens shall be free from visible water
eneresincontaining0.5 %titaniumdioxideandnoantistaticadditive and
anddirt.Surfacestobejudgedforsootaccumulationproperties
bottlesmadefromthesamematerialbutsprayedoverallwithanantistatic
shall not be handled either beforehand or during the perfor-
agent can be used.
mance of the test.Aminimum of three specimens for each test
10.5 Reference Standards and Blanks:
variable is necessary.
10.5.1 Reference standards in the form of standard samples
10. Calibration and Standardization or photographs should be established as a grading scale to
which tested specimens may be compared (Note 6). Bottles
10.1 Check for test chamber tightness by sealing off smoke
prepared under 10.4 may be used as extremes.
entrance and exit screens (Note 4), generating smoke as
indicated in 12.8, and inspecting for smoke leakage into test
NOTE 6—The grading scale employed in round-robin testing (Fig. 3)
chamber. may be used as a guide.
10.5.2 Acceptability of the reference standards shall be
NOTE 4—Two-mil thick polyethylene film may be placed over the
openings and held in place with pressure-sensitive tape.
agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
10.2 Withthechambersmokeentranceandexitcoveredjust
11. Conditioning
by the screens, measure the time for the smoke cloud to cross
11.1 Conditioning—Condition the test spe
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