ASTM E345-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. This information may be useful in comparisons of materials, alloy development, quality control, and design.
4.2 The results of tension tests from selected portions of a part or material may not totally represent the strength and ductility of the entire end product of its in-service behavior in different environments.
4.3 These test methods are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, since the methods have been used extensively for these purposes.
4.4 Tension tests provide a means to determine the ductility of materials through the measurement of elongation or reduction of area. However, as specimen thickness is reduced, tension tests may become less useful for determining ductility. For these purposes Test Method E796 is an alternative procedure for measuring ductility.
4.5 Different industries differentiate between foil and sheet at different thicknesses.
Note 1: In 2013, to harmonize with international standards, the Aluminum Association revised its definition of foil to include thicknesses less than or equal to 0.2 mm (0.0079 in.).
4.6 This standard differs from Test Methods E8/E8M in that it permits determining the specimen thickness by weighing (7.3) and determining the elongation from crosshead displacement for some specimens (7.8).
4.7 It is impossible for this standard to define the thickness range for every possible alloy where this standard should be used instead of Test Methods E8/E8M or other tensile test standards. Superior results for a specific alloy and thickness could be obtained by measuring the specimen thickness by weighing (7.3) to avoid damaging the material and to obtain sufficient accuracy. In addition, it may be acceptable for a given alloy and thickness to determine the elongation from crosshead displacement in cases where conventional extensometers that contact the specimen o...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic foil at room temperature. Exception to these methods may be necessary in individual specifications or test methods for a particular material.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E345 − 16
Standard Test Methods of
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic
3.1 The definitions of terms relating to tension testing
foil at room temperature. Exception to these methods may be appearing in Terminology E6 apply to the terms used in these
necessary in individual specifications or test methods for a
methods of tension testing.
particular material.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. This
tion only and are not considered standard.
information may be useful in comparisons of materials, alloy
development, quality control, and design.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 The results of tension tests from selected portions of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
part or material may not totally represent the strength and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ductility of the entire end product of its in-service behavior in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
different environments.
4.3 These test methods are considered satisfactory for ac-
2. Referenced Documents
ceptance testing of commercial shipments, since the methods
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
have been used extensively for these purposes.
B193Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
4.4 Tension tests provide a means to determine the ductility
Materials
of materials through the measurement of elongation or reduc-
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
tion of area. However, as specimen thickness is reduced,
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
tension tests may become less useful for determining ductility.
E8/E8MTest Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
For these purposes Test Method E796 is an alternative proce-
terials
dure for measuring ductility.
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
4.5 Different industries differentiate between foil and sheet
E252Test Method for Thickness of Foil, Thin Sheet, and
at different thicknesses.
Film by Mass Measurement
NOTE 1—In 2013, to harmonize with international standards, the
E796Test Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil
AluminumAssociation revised its definition of foil to include thicknesses
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
less than or equal to 0.2 mm (0.0079 in.).
E2309Practices forVerification of Displacement Measuring
4.6 ThisstandarddiffersfromTestMethodsE8/E8Minthat
Systems and Devices Used in Material Testing Machines
it permits determining the specimen thickness by weighing
(7.3) and determining the elongation from crosshead displace-
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
ment for some specimens (7.8).
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on
Uniaxial Testing.
4.7 It is impossible for this standard to define the thickness
Current edition approved July 15, 2016. Published August 2016. Originally
range for every possible alloy where this standard should be
ɛ1
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E345–93(2013) .
used instead of Test Methods E8/E8M or other tensile test
DOI: 10.1520/E0345-16.
2
standards. Superior results for a specific alloy and thickness
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
could be obtained by measuring the specimen thickness by
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
weighing (7.3) to avoid damaging the material and to obtain
the ASTM website.
3
sufficient accuracy. In addition, it may be acceptable for a
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. given alloy and thickness to determine the elongation from
Copyright © ASTM International, 100
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E345 − 93 (Reapproved 2013) E345 − 16
Standard Test Methods of
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in May 2014.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic foil at room temperature in thicknesses less than 0.006 in. (0.150
mm).temperature. Exception to these methods may be necessary in individual specifications or test methods for a
NOTE 1—Exception to these methods may be necessary in individual specifications or test methods for a particular material.particular material.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-poundSI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SIinch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E252 Test Method for Thickness of Foil, Thin Sheet, and Film by Mass Measurement
3
E796 Test Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil (Withdrawn 2009)
E2309 Practices for Verification of Displacement Measuring Systems and Devices Used in Material Testing Machines
3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions of terms relating to tension testing appearing in Terminology E6 apply to the terms used in these methods
of tension testing.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. This information
may be useful in comparisons of materials, alloy development, quality control, and design.
4.2 The results of tension tests from selected portions of a part or material may not totally represent the strength and ductility
of the entire end product of its in-service behavior in different environments.
4.3 These test methods are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, since the methods have been
used extensively for these purposes.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on Uniaxial
Testing.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013July 15, 2016. Published May 2014August 2016. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
ɛ1
E345 – 93 (2008).(2013) . DOI: 10.1520/E0345-93R13.10.1520/E0345-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E345 − 16
4.4 Tension tests provide a means to determine the ductility of materials through the measurement of elongation or reduction
of area. However, as specimen thickness is reduced, tension tests may become less useful for determining ductility. For these
purposes Test Method E796 is an alternative procedure for measuring ductility.
4.5 Different industries differentiate between foil and sheet at different thicknesses.
NOTE 1—In 2013, to harmonize with international standards, the Aluminum Association revised its definition of foil to include thicknesses less than
or equal to 0.2 mm (0.0079 in.).
4.6 This standard differs from Test Methods E8/E8M in that it permits det
...
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