ASTM D7421-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This laboratory test method can be used to quickly determine extreme pressure properties of lubricating oils at selected temperatures specified for use in applications where not only high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present with high Hertzian point contact. This test method has found wide application in qualifying lubricating oils used in constant velocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles, gear-hydraulic circuit, rear axles, gears and engine components. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining extreme pressure properties of lubricating oils for hydraulics, gears, and engines under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test machine.
Note 1: This test method was developed and the international round robin tests were jointly performed with the DIN 51834 working group. This procedure is based on the 2005 revision of Test Method D5706 for greases and differs regarding the stroke length and the cleaning solvent.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7421 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating
Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test
1
Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7421; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
extreme pressure properties of lubricating oils for hydraulics,
Fuels, and Lubricants
gears, and engines under high-frequency linear-oscillation
D5706 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure
motion using the SRV test machine.
Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-
NOTE 1—This test method was developed and the international round
Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
robin tests were jointly performed with the DIN 51834 working group.
This procedure is based on the 2005 revision of Test Method D5706 for
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
greases and differs regarding the stroke length and the cleaning solvent.
Steel
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
3
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2.2 DIN Standards:
standard.
DIN 51631:1999–04 Mineral spirits; special boiling point
spirits; requirements
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
DIN EN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, alloy steels and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
free-cutting steels—Part 17 : Ball and roller bearing steels
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
[Replaces DIN 17230-1980]
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifica-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tions (GPS)—Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
having stratified functional properties—Part 2: Height
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
characterization using linear material ratio curve [Re-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
placement of DIN 4776:1990: Measurement of surface
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
roughness; parameters R , R , R , M , M for the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
K PK VK r1 r2
description of the material portion]
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
2
3.1 Definitions:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.1 break-in, n—in tribology, an initial transition process
A295/A295M Specification for High-Carbon Anti-Friction
occurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accom-
Bearing Steel
panied by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
both, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribological
Grease
system’s long-term behavior. G40
3.1.2 coeffıcient of friction, μ or f, n—in tribology, the
1
dimensionless ratio of the friction force (F) between two
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
bodies to the normal force (N) pressing these bodies together.
Subcommittee D02.L0.11 on Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and
G40
Lubricates.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published January 2024. Originally
3.1.3 Hertzian contact area, n—apparent area of contact
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D7421 – 19. DOI:
between two nonconforming solid bodies pressed against each
10.1520/D7421-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN, Deutsches Institut fur Normung
the ASTM website. e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany, http://www.en.din.de.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7421 − 23
o
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7421 − 19 D7421 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating
Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test
1
Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7421; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining extreme pressure properties of lubricating oils for hydraulics, gears, and
engines under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test machine.
NOTE 1—This test method was developed and the international round robin tests were jointly performed with the DIN 51834 working group. This
procedure is based on the 2005 revision of Test Method D5706 for greases and differs regarding the stroke length and the cleaning solvent.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A295/A295M Specification for High-Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing Steel
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D5706 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-Frequency, Linear-
Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
3
2.2 DIN Standards:
DIN 51631:1999–04 Mineral spirits; special boiling point spirits; requirements
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L0.11 on Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019Nov. 1, 2023. Published January 2020January 2024. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20162019 as
D7421 – 16.D7421 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/D7421-19.10.1520/D7421-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN, Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany, http://www.en.din.de.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7421 − 23
DIN EN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels—Part 17 : Ball and roller bearing steels [Replaces
DIN 17230-1980]
DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)—Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces having
stratified functional properties—Part 2: Height characterization using linear material ratio curve [Replacement of DIN
4776:1990: Measurement of surface roughness; parameters R , R , R , M , M for the description of the material portion]
K PK VK r1 r2
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 break-in, n—in tribology, an initial transition process occurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accompanied
by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or both, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribological system’s long-term
behavior. G40
3.1.2 coeffıcient of friction, μ or f,n—in tribology, the dimensionless ratio of the friction force (F) between two bodies to th
...
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