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ASTM D1160-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, at reduced pressures, of the range of boiling points for petroleum products that can be partially or completely vaporized at a maximum liquid temperature of 400°C. Both a manual method and an automatic method are specified.
1.2 In cases of dispute, the referee test method is the manual test method at a mutually agreed upon pressure.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.1.4, 6.1.8.1, 10.11, and A3.2.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jan-2002
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.08 - Volatility
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D1160-02a - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002

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ASTM D1160-02 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
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Standards Content (Sample)

An American National Standard
Designation: D 1160 – 02
Standard Test Method for
1
Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1160; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET)—the tem-
perature converted from the measured vapor temperature using
1.1 This test method covers the determination, at reduced
Eq A7.1. The AET is the expected distillate temperature if the
pressures, of the range of boiling points for petroleum products
distillation was performed at atmospheric pressure and there
that can be partially or completely vaporized at a maximum
was no thermal decomposition.
liquid temperature of 400°C. Both a manual method and an
3.1.2 end point (EP) or final boiling point (FBP)—the
automatic method are specified.
maximum vapor temperature reached during the test.
1.2 In cases of dispute, the referee test method is the manual
3.1.3 initial boiling point (IBP)—the vapor temperature that
test method at a mutually agreed upon pressure.
is measured at the instant the first drop of condensate falls from
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
the lower end of the condenser section drip tip.
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—When a chain is attached to the drip tip
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the first drop will form and run down the chain. In automatic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
apparatus, the first drop detection device shall be located as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
near to the lower end of the drip tip as practical.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 spillover point—the highest point of the lower internal
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
junction of the distillation column and the condensing section
statements, see 6.1.4, 6.1.8.1, 10.11, and A3.2.1.
of the vacuum-jacketed column assembly.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
4.1 The sample is distilled at an accurately controlled
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
3
pressure between 0.13 and 6.7 kPa (1 and 50 mm Hg) under
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
4
conditions that are designed to provide approximately one
D 1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables
theoretical plate fractionation. Data are obtained from which
D 1298 Practice for Density, Relative Density (Specific
the initial boiling point, the final boiling point, and a distillation
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
4
curve relating volume percent distilled and atmospheric
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
equivalent boiling point temperature can be prepared.
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
5
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
5. Significance and Use
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
5 5.1 This test method is used for the determination of the
Petroleum Products
distillation characteristics of petroleum products and fractions
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
5 that may decompose if distilled at atmospheric pressure. This
Petroleum Products
boiling range, obtained at conditions designed to obtain ap-
3. Terminology proximately one theoretical plate fractionation, can be used in
engineering calculations to design distillation equipment, to
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
prepare appropriate blends for industrial purposes, to deter-
mine compliance with regulatory rules, to determine the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
suitability of the product as feed to a refining process, or for a
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
host of other purposes.
D02.08 on Volatility.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2002. Published March 2002. Originally
5.2 The boiling range is directly related to viscosity, vapor
published as D 1160 – 51T. Last previous edition D 1160 – 99.
pressure, heating value, average molecular weight, and many
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04.
3 other chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Any of
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
4
these properties can be the determining factor in the suitability
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of solvent extractables in petroleum waxes.  
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Note 2: Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with 1/8 in. divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, 1/2 in., 1/4 in., and 1/8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the preponderance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound unit is regarded as the standard. However the test method does use SI units of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for temperature.  
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Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products

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5.1 Predicting the viscosity of a blend of components is a common problem. Both the Wright Blending Method and the ASTM Blending Method, described in this practice, may be used to solve this problem.  
5.2 The inverse problem, predicating the required blend fractions of components to meet a specified viscosity at a given temperature may also be solved using either the Inverse Wright Blending Method or the Inverse ASTM Blending Method.  
5.3 The Wright Blending Methods are generally preferred since they have a firmer basis in theory, and are more accurate. The Wright Blending Methods require component viscosities to be known at two temperatures. The ASTM Blending Methods are mathematically simpler and may be used when viscosities are known at a single temperature.  
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5.5 The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
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1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4952-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

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5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
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5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.  
5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
Note 1: Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8 °F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.  
1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
1.1.2 Procedure B (Sections 15 – 23)—Is restricted to only 3 capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. In addition, Procedure B is used not only for the sample types described in Procedure A but also for the analysis of samples containing biodiesel mixtures B5, B10, and B20. The analysis time, when using Procedure B (Accelerated D2887), is reduced to about 8 min.  
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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