ASTM E1309-00
(Guide)Standard Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases
Standard Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the essential and desirable elements of data required for the identification of composite materials in computerized material property databases. A recommended format for entry of these fields into a computerized database is also provided. Examples of the application of this guide are included for filament-wound polymer-matrix composites, laminar polymer-matrix composites, and ceramic-matrix composites. An example for metal-matrix composites is planned for the next revision.
1.2 The recommended format described in this document is suggested for use in recording data in a computerized database, which is different from contractual reporting of actual test results. The latter type of information is described in a materials specification or shown on business transactions, and is subject to agreement between vendor and purchaser.
1.3 This guide defines the information which is considered essential to uniquely describe a composite material. A format is recommended for placing these data in fields suitable for a computerized database. Additional fields which are considered desirable, but not essential, are also defined. The purpose is to facilitate efficient storage and retrieval of the information with a computer and to allow meaningful comparison of data from different sources.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: E 1309 – 00
Standard Guide for
Identification of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite
Materials in Databases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1309; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope reporting requirements for mechanical tests of high-modulus
fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composite materials. This
1.1 This guide establishes essential and desirable data ele-
guide may also be useful for additional tests, for material
ments for fiber-reinforced composite materials for two pur-
identification for databases at the property levels or for other
poses: to establish the material identification component of
uses of material identification of composite materials.
data-reporting requirements for test reporting and to provide
1.6 From this information and a guide such as Guide
information for the design of material property databases.
E 1434, the database designer should be able to construct the
1.1.1 This guide is the first part of a two-part modular
data dictionary preparatory to developing a database schema.
approach. The first part serves to identify the material and the
1.7 Data elements in this guide are relevant to test data, data
second part serves to describe testing procedures and variables
as obtained in the test laboratory and historically recorded in
and to record results.
laboratory notebooks. Property data, data that have been
1.1.2 For mechanical testing, the related document is Guide
analyzed and reviewed, require a different level of data
E 1434. The interaction of this guide with Guide E 1434 is
elements. Data elements for property data are provided in
emphasized by the common numbering of data elements. Data
Annex A1.
Elements A1 through G13 are included in this guide, and
numbering of data elements in Guide E 1434 begins with H1
2. Referenced Documents
for the next data element block. This guide is most commonly
2.1 ASTM Standards:
used in combination with a guide for reporting the test
C 274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions
procedures and results such as Guide E 1434.
D 790 TestMethodsforFlexuralPropertiesofUnreinforced
1.2 These guidelines are specific to fiber-reinforced
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
polymer-matrix composite materials. Composite materials,
als
which also contain particulates or precipitated particles, are
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms to Plastics
also included provided they can be described adequately as a
D 3410/D 3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties
filler in the matrix.
of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported
1.3 The data elements described in this guide are suggested
Gage Section by Shear Loading
for use in recording data in a computerized database, which is
D 3878 Terminology for High-Modulus Reinforcing Fibers
different from contractual reporting of test results. The latter
and Their Composites
type of information is described in the material specification or
D 5467 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Unidi-
shown in business transactions and is subject to agreement
rectional Polymer Matrix Composites Using a Sandwich
between the vendor and the user.
Beam
1.4 This guide defines the information that is considered
D 6507 Practice for the Fiber Reinforcement Orientation
essential to uniquely describe a composite material.Additional
Codes for Composite Materials
data elements that are considered desirable, but not essential,
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
are also defined. The purpose is to facilitate efficient storage
ing
and retrieval of information with a computer and to allow the
E 1013 Terminology Relating to Computerized Systems
meaningful comparison of data from different sources.
E 1308 Guide for Identification of Polymers (Excluding
1.5 This guide with Guide E 1434 may be referenced by the
Thermoset Elastomers) in Computerized Material Property
data reporting section of a test method to provide common data
Databases
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-30 on Composite
Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.01 on Reference Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
Standards. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Current edition approved March 10, 2000. Published April 2000. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
published as E 1309 – 92. Last previous edition E 1309 – 92. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 1309
E 1338 Guide for Identification of Metals and Alloys in 3.2.4 data element—one individual piece of information
Computerized Material Property Databases used in describing a material or to record test results. For
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International example, a variable name, test parameter, and so forth.
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3.2.5 database schema—in a conceptual schema language,
E 1434 Guide for the Development of Standard Data
the definition of the representation forms and structure of a
Records for Computerization of Mechanical Test Data for
database for the possible collection of all sentences that are in
High-Modulus Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials
the conceptual schema and in the information base, including
E 1443 Terminology Relating to Building and Accessing
manipulation aspects of these forms. (ANSI X3.172)
Materials and Chemical Databases
3.2.6 essential data element—a data element in a record
E 1471 Guide for the Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and
which must be completed in order to make the record mean-
Core Materials in Computerized Material Property Data-
ingful in accordance with the pertinent guidelines or standard.
bases
(E 1443)
E 1484 Guide for Formatting and Use of Material and
3.2.6.1 Discussion—Data elements are considered essential
Chemical Property Data and Database Quality Indicators
iftheyarerequiredtomakeacomparisonofpropertydatafrom
2.2 Other Documents:
different sources meaningful. A comparison of data from
ANSI X3.172-1996 Information Technology—American
different sources may still be possible if essential information
National Standard Dictionary of Information Technology
is omitted, but the value of the comparison may be greatly
(ANSDIT)
reduced.
A Glossary of Terms Relating to Data, Data Capture, Data
3.2.7 gel point, n (or gel time)—a point in a cure cycle
Manipulation, and Databases, CODATA Bulletin, Vol 23,
where a thermosetting polymer resin resolidifies after melting.
Nos 1-2, CODATA, Paris, January-June 1991
3.2.8 lay-up, n—a process or fabrication involving the
ISO 8601 Data Elements and Interchange Formats— placement of successive layers of materials.
Information Interchange—Representation of Dates and
3.2.9 lay-up code, n—a designation system for abbreviating
Times
the stacking sequence of laminated composites. (D 3878)
3.2.10 matrix, n—in composite materials, the continuous
3. Terminology
constituent of a composite material which acts as the load
transfer mechanism between the discrete dispersed reinforce-
3.1 Definitions—Terminology in accordance with Termi-
ment constituent.
nologies D 3878, C 274, and E 1443 shall be used where
applicable. 3.2.10.1 Discussion—A composite matrix is a bonding
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: structure which unites, fills, and encloses the composite’s
3.2.1 category set—a closed listing of all possible strings reinforcement structures.
which could be included in a particular field of a record.
3.2.11 ply count, n—in laminated composite materials, the
(E 1443)
number of plies or laminae used to construct the composite.
3.2.2 composite material—a substance consisting of two or
3.2.12 prepreg, n—the admixture of fibrous reinforcement
more materials, insoluble in one another, which are combined
and polymeric matrix used to fabricate composite materials. Its
to form a useful engineering material possessing certain
form may be sheet, tape, or tow. For thermosetting matrices, it
properties not possessed by the constituents.
hasbeenpartiallycuredtoacontrolledviscositycall“Bstage.”
3.2.2.1 Discussion—A composite material is inherently in-
(D 3878)
homogeneous on a microscopic scale but can often be assumed
3.2.13 sandwich construction, n—a structural panel concept
to be homogeneous on a macroscopic scale for certain engi-
consisting in its simplest form of two relatively thin sheets of
neering applications. The constituents of a composite retain
structuralmaterialbondedtoandseparatedbyarelativelythick
their identities; they do not dissolve or otherwise merge
lightweight core.
completely into each other, although they act in concert.
3.2.14 stacking sequence, n—the arrangement of ply orien-
(D 3878)
tations and material components in a laminate specified with
3.2.3 data dictionary—a collection of the names of all data
respect to some reference direction. (D 3878)
items used in a software system together with relevant prop-
3.2.15 value set—an open listing of representative accept-
erties of those items; for example, length of data item, mode of
able strings which could be included in a particular field of a
representation, and so forth. (CODATA)
record. (E 1443)
3.2.15.1 Discussion—A closed listing of such string is
called a domain or category set.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.
3.2.16 void content, n—the percentage of voids in a com-
MIL-HDBK-17-2D, Polymer Matrix Composites, Vol 2, Section 1.6, Feb. 23,
posite.
1994, available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,
3.2.17 volatiles content, n—the percentage of volatiles
700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. Attn: NPODS Additional infor-
mation on handbook availability at http:/mil-17.udel.edu/. which are driven off as vapor from a plastic or an impregnated
DOD/NASA Advanced Composites Design Guide, Air Force Wright Aeronau-
reinforcement.
tical Laboratories, Dayton, OH, prepared by Rockwell International Corp., 1983
3.3 Other relevant terminology can be found in Terminolo-
(distribution limited).
MIL-HDBK-17, Vol. 2, Section 1.6.1, and Terminology D 1600. gies E 6 and E 1013.
E 1309
4. Significance and Use limited number of material systems. This guide provides both
essential data elements and data elements that are considered
4.1 This guide provides the recommended data elements for
desirable but not essential. Data elements are considered
the identification of fiber-reinforced composite materials. The
essential if they are required to make a meaningful comparison
ASTM standards for which this guide was developed are listed
of property data from different sources.
in 2.1. The recommended data elements can be used with
4.7 Identification of constituent materials of the composites
experimental data records and analyzed property records.
is included to the level considered necessary for identification
4.2 Theintentofthisguideistoprovidesufficientdetailthat
of the composite. Additional information may be necessary
values are known for the material parameters that may influ-
when the constituent is considered independently. Guides for
encetestresultsormaterialpropertyvalues.Themotivationfor
polymers (E 1308), metals (E 1338), and reinforcements
this guide is the steadily increasing use of computerized
(E 1471) should be consulted in this case.
databases. However, these guidelines are equally appropriate
for data stored in a hard-copy form. 4.8 Comparison of property data from different databases
4.3 This guide is for material identification and description will be most meaningful if all the essential information defined
only. It does not include the recommended data elements for by the guide is present. Comparison may still be possible if
mechanical test data or other specific types of test data. These essential information is omitted, but the usefulness of the
items are covered by separate formats to be referenced in
comparison may be greatly reduced.
material specifications or other test standards.
4.9 This information should not be considered restrictive.
4.4 Composite materials are defined as two or more mate-
For example, a database designer may find it useful to
rials that are combined on a macroscale. There is a gray area
aggregate several data elements, such as all data elements in a
between composites and other material classes. Two examples
test method data element set or the material and chemical
of this gray area between polymer matrix composites and
classes,intoasinglefield.Thismayaffectsearchstrategiesand
plastics are toughened polystyrene and liquid crystal polymer.
other database operations.These considerations are beyond the
The present guide may be used to help the database designer
scope of this guide.
determine how to handle materials that fall into this gray area.
Theselectionofwhichguidetouse,thisguideorGuideE 1308
5. Data Reporting
for plastics, should depend on whether the additional data
5.1 This guide is intended to provide common data report-
elements in this guide are required by the data user, as follows.
ing requirements for material identification when used for
If information on orientation and form of reinforcement is
reporting testing and material properties based on accumulated
needed by the intended data/database user, the composite
results from a number of tests. The data reporting section of
materials guide may be more useful since it contains data
standard test methods may reference this guide for material
elements for this information. Appendix X1 contains a table,
identification in conjunction with Guide E 1434 for recording
which provides guidelines for distinguishing between rein-
of the test procedure, parameters, and results. In addition, such
forced polymers and polymer matrix composites.
a data reporting section may identify any usage specific to that
4.5 Composite materials consist of a matrix phase and one
document. One example of usage specific to a test method is
or more discrete reinforcements. Reinforcements may be
Test Method D 5467, which may require additional informa-
interpreted broadly to include any macroscale second material,
tion to identify the core material for the sandwich specimen
including fibers, particulates, precipitated particles, or struc-
from Guide E 1471. These requirements do not mean that the
tured domains of the parent material. The reinforcements
information must be report
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