ASTM D5430-93(2000)

Standard Test Methods for Visually Inspecting and Grading Fabrics

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe a procedure to establish a numerical designation for grading of fabrics from a visual inspection.  
1.2 These test methods may be used for the delivery and acceptance of fabrics with requirements mutually agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-2000
• ICS: 59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.59 - Fabric Physical Test Methods A

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D5430-04 - Standard Test Methods for Visually Inspecting and Grading Fabrics
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2000

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5430–93 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Methods for
Visually Inspecting and Grading Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5430; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 critical defect, n—a serious defect that judgment and
experience indicate is likely to prevent the usability or proper
1.1 These test methods describe a procedure to establish a
performance of a product from its intended purpose.
numerical designation for grading of fabrics from a visual
3.1.2 defect, in inspection and grading, n—the departure or
inspection.
non-conformanceofsomecharacteristicfromitsintendedlevel
1.2 These test methods may be used for the delivery and
or state.
acceptance of fabrics with requirements mutually agreed upon
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In inspection and grading the charac-
by the purchaser and the supplier.
teristic is a visual one.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 grade, v—to assign a numerical value based on the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
number, size, and severity of defects seen during a visual
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
inspection.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 inspection, n—the process of measuring, examining,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
testing, gaging, or otherwise comparing a characteristic or
2. Referenced Documents property of a material with applicable requirements. In this
case only by visual examination.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.5 major defect, n—a defect other than critical, that
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
judgment and experience indicate is likely to materially reduce
D 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens
the usability of a product for its intended purpose.
for Textiles
3,4
3.1.6 minor defect, n—a defect that is not likely to materi-
D 3990 Definition of Terms Relating to Fabric Defects
ally reduce the usability of the product from its intended
2.2 ANSI Standards:
purpose, or is a departure from established standards having
ANSI/ASQC Standard A1-1978 Definitions, Symbols, For-
little bearing on the effective use of operation of a product.
mulas, and Tables for Control Charts
3.1.7 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
ANSI/ASQC Standard Z1.4-1981 Sampling Procedures and
method, refer to Terminology D 123 and D 3990.
Tables for Inspection by Attributes.
2.3 MIL Standard:
4. Summary of Test Method
MIL-STD-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
4.1 Rolls or bolts of fabric are visually inspected and
spection by Attributes
individually graded at an examination station using an agreed
3. Terminology
upon point system.
4.2 Fabric is normally inspected and graded on one side
3.1 Definitions:
only. Certain types of end use fabrics may be inspected and
gradedonbothsidesasagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserand
supplier.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test
5. Significance and Use
Methods, General.
Current edition approved July 15, 1993. Published September 1993.
5.1 Test Method D 5430 is considered satisfactory for
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
acceptance testing a commercial shipments since the method
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
has been used extensively in the trade for grading of fabric and
AmericanApparel ManufacturersAssociation, 1611 N. Kent Street,Arlington,
Virginia 22209.
fabric acceptance determination.
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5.2 The penalty points obtained in grading the same rolls or
53203.
6 bolts of fabric may vary considerably when using each of the
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. three options listed herein. For this reason, the same point
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D5430
assignment option should be used in cases of disagreement 10.2 Visually inspect and grade from a viewing distance of
arising from differences of values reported by the purchaser one metre or yard while the fabric is in motion. Fabric may be
and the supplier. stoppedtogradewhennecessarytoaffirmmarginaldefectsand
defects may be flagged.
6. Apparatus
10.3 Inspect and grade the total length of each roll or bolt
6.1 A suitable fabric inspection machine providing a flat
sampled.
viewing area and an interruptible speed controlled fabric
10.4 Detect and assign points to defects observed as agreed
rewind. Examination and grading are usually done with over-
upon in 9.1-9.4 using options A (10.6), B (10.7), or C (10.8).
head direct lighting. The inspection machine may be equipped
10.5 Assign points to the defects based upon their length
with the option of back lighting (transmitted) light providing
within the plane of the fabric according to one of the following
the choice by prior agreement depending on the fabric end use.
options of assigning points, as agreed upon between the
The overhead direct lighting source shall be mounted parallel
purchaser and the supplier.
to the viewing surface so as to illuminate with direct perpen-
10.6 Point Assignment Option A:
dicular impinging light rays. The surface illumination level
Defect Length
shall be a minimum of 1075 lux (100 foot candles).
Greater Than Up to and Including Assigned
SI Units English Units SI Units English Units Points
6.2 The lighting source should be cool white preheat rapid
0mm 0 in. 75mm 3 in. 1
startfluorescentlampshavingacorrelatedcolortemperatureof
75 mm 3 in. 150 mm 6 in. 2
4100 to 4500 K with white reflectors and without baffles or
150 mm 6 in. 230 mm 9 in. 3
230 mm 9 in. 4
glues, or by agreement between the purchaser and supplier.
10.6.1 Assign no more than a total of 4 points to any one
7. Sampling
linear metre or yard of fabric, regardless of the number or size
7.1 Withshipmentswhichtotal1000morydorless,inspect
of the detected individual defects.
and grade the total number of rolls or bolts.
10.6.2 Assign 4 points to each consecutive linear metre or
7.2 For shipments exceeding 1000 m or yd, select samples
yard in which a continuous running defect exceeds 230
as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier. In the absence of
millimetres or 9 inches.
such a specification, a reliable statistical sampling plan such as
10.6.3 Assign 4 points to each linear metre or yard of fabric
Practice D 2903 or MIL-STD 105E may be used.
where the useable width is less than the minimum specified.
8. Conditioning 10.6.4 Assign 4 points to each seam or other full width
defect or seam if applicable.
8.1 No conditioning is required.
10.7 Point Assignment Option B:
9. Defects and Tolerances
Defect Length
Greater Than Up to and Including Assigned
9.1 The purchaser and the suppli
...