ASTM D1545-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method
Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method
ABSTRACT
This test method covers the procedures for determining the viscosity of transparent liquids by bubble time method. The transparent liquids should be free from crystalline or gel particles. Test apparatus include a constant-temperature bath, standard viscosity tubes, a series of standard viscosity tubes as reference standards, timing device, tube racks, and viscosity tube corks.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity in bubble seconds by timing. The bubble seconds are approximately equal to stokes for most liquids.
1.2 The test method is applicable to transparent liquids that are free from crystalline or gel particles.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1545 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 27 6 0.5 mm
100 6 0.5 mm
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscos-
108 6 0.5 mm
ity in bubble seconds by timing. The bubble seconds are
Thedistancebetweenthefirstandsecondlinesshallbe73 6
approximately equal to stokes for most liquids.
0.5 mm.
1.2 The test method is applicable to transparent liquids that
NOTE1—Alldistancesshallbemeasuredfromtheoutsidebottomofthe
are free from crystalline or gel particles.
tube.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.3 Reference Standards—A series of standard viscosity
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
tubes (3.2) filled with transparent liquids having predetermined
standard.
viscosities in centistokes and bubble seconds as listed in Table
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1. The standards are listed alphabetically from the lowest
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
viscosity to the highest viscosity standard.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.4 Timing Device—Stopwatch or electric stop clock ca-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
pable of being read to a precision of 0.1 s.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.5 Tube Racks, capable of inverting one or more viscosity
2. Terminology
tubes 180° to within 1° of a vertical position while rack and
tubes are immersed in the constant temperature bath.
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 viscosity, n—theresistanceexperiencedbyoneportion
3.6 Viscosity Tube Corks, No. 2 short.
of a liquid moving over another portion of the liquid. The
absolute unit of viscosity in the cgs, centimeter-gram-second,
4. Procedure
system is the poise which is expressed as dyne-seconds per
4.1 Fill a standard viscosity tube with the material to be
square centimetre. Stokes are equal to poises divided by
tested to approximately level with the 108-mm line.
density. The absolute SI, International System of Units (metric
system), viscosity unit is the pascal-second.
4.2 Transfer the tube to a constant 25°C temperature bath
with the cork loosely inserted. Hold at this temperature for 10
3. Apparatus
min.
3.1 Constant-Temperature Bath—Any suitable bath capable
NOTE 2—Adequate control of the temperature bath is essential. A
of maintaining temperature at 25 6 0.1°C with water as the
variationof0.1°Cinthetemperatureofthebathwillcausea1 %variation
bath medium.
in the timed bubble travel.
3.2 Standard Viscosity Tubes of clear glass and with flat 4.3 At the end of 10 min adjust the level of the liquid so that
bottoms, 10.65 6 0.025 mm in inside diameter; 114 61mm the bottom meniscus will be level with the 100-mm line. Insert
in outside length. Plainly legible lines shall be located as the cork so that the bottom of the cork is on the level with the
follows (Note 1): 108-mm line.This will ensure a bubble of suitable and uniform
size.
4.4 Insert the tube in the rack and immerse in the 25°C
water bath. Allow the tube(s) to stand with cork down in the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint bath a minimum of 20 min before determining the viscosity.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
NOTE3—Forviscositiesofliquidsthathaveatimedbubbletravelof4 s
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.
or less, more precise results can be obtained by comparison against
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013. Published March 2013. Originally
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1545 – 07 (2012). reference standards having a predetermined viscosity or timed bubble
DOI: 10.1520/D1545-13. travel.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
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D1545 − 13
A
TABLE 1 Recommended numerical Standards for Comparator Viscosity Tubes
Minimum Target Maximum Kinematic Viscosity
Gardner-Hodlt Letter
(Sec) (Sec) (Sec) (cST)
A5 0.641 0.650 0.654 5.1
A4 0.659 0.663 0.682 7.1
A3 0.701 0.720 0.736 14.0
A2 0.751 0.767 0.785 21.3
A1 0.802 0.820 0.845 31.0
A 0.908 0.936 0.961 53.6
B 0.987 1.012 1.042 68.8
C 1.175 1.211 1.247 92.7
D 1.272 1.303 1.342 102.9
E 1.453 1.498 1.543 1
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1545 − 07 (Reapproved 2012) D1545 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity in bubble seconds by timing. The bubble seconds are
approximately equal to stokes for most liquids.
1.2 The test method is applicable to transparent liquids that are free from crystalline or gel particles.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 viscosity, n—the resistance experienced by one portion of a liquid moving over another portion of the liquid. The absolute
unit of viscosity in the cgs, centimeter-gram-second, system is the poise which is expressed as dyne-seconds per square centimetre.
Stokes are equal to poises divided by density. The absolute SI, International System of Units (metric system), viscosity unit is the
pascal-second.
3. Apparatus
3.1 Constant-Temperature Bath—Any suitable bath capable of maintaining temperature at 25 6 0.1°C with water as the bath
medium.
3.2 Standard Viscosity Tubes of clear glass and with flat bottoms, 10.65 6 0.025 mm in inside diameter; 114 6 1 mm in outside
length. Plainly legible lines shall be located as follows (Note 1):
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints &and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012Feb. 1, 2013. Published February 2012March 2013. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
D1545 – 07.D1545 – 07 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/D1545-07R12.10.1520/D1545-13.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1545 − 13
27 6 0.5 mm
100 6 0.5 mm
108 6 0.5 mm
The distance between the first and second lines shall be 73 6 0.5 mm.
NOTE 1—All distances shall be measured from the outside bottom of the tube.
3.3 Reference Standards—A series of standard viscosity tubes (3.2) filled with transparent liquids having predetermined
viscosities in stokescentistokes and bubble seconds and spaced in logarithmically even increments of about 26 % (log
1.260 = 0.100), as listed in Table 1. The standards shall be marked alphabetically or numerically as shown in Table 1 without
reference to stokes or bubble time (Note 2). Also listed in Table 1, for general and historical reference only, is the long established
series of Gardner-Holdt letter standards, in tubes that do not have the three lines and are shorter than the standard viscosity tubes
described inare listed alphabetically from the lowest viscosity to the highest 3.2.viscosity standard.
NOTE 2—For convenience, the reference standards can be divided in three series: light series, 15 tubes marked 0.22 to 8.0; heavy series, 14 tubes
marked 10 to 200; and very heavy series, 7 tubes, marked 250 to 1000.
3.4 Timing Device—Stopwatch or electric stop clock capable of being read to a precision of 0.1 s.
3.5 Tube Racks, capable of inverting one or more viscosity tubes 180° to within 1° of a vertical position while rack and tubes
are immersed in the constant temperature bath.
3.6 Viscosity Tube Corks, No. 2 short.
4. Procedure
4.1 Fill a standard viscosity tube with the material to be tested to approximately level with the 108-mm line.
4.2 Transfer the tube to a constant 25°C temperature bath with the cork loosely inserted. Hold at this temperature for 10 min.
NOTE 2—Adequate control of the temperature bath is essential. A variation of 0.1°C in the temperature of the bath will cause a 1 % variation in the
timed
...
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