ASTM D3623-78a(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Testing Antifouling Panels in Shallow Submergence
Standard Test Method for Testing Antifouling Panels in Shallow Submergence
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This method is designed as a screening test in evaluating antifouling coating systems. Results of the standard system in a specific marine environment are included to assist in interpreting results (see Annex A2).
Antifouling systems providing positive comparisons with the standard system should be considered acceptable for use in protecting underwater marine structures.
The degree and type of fouling will vary depending on the environment. Hence, differences in geographic location of test sites, in time of year when panels are exposed, and in weather conditions from 1 year to the next can affect results. Therefore, a fouling census on a nontoxic surface is taken. For the exposure to be valid the nontoxic surface should show heavy fouling, and the standard system should show significantly less fouling than the nontoxic surface (see Annex A3 and Annex A4).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for testing antifouling compositions in shallow marine environments and a standard antifouling panel of known performance to serve as a control in antifouling studies. Subcommittee D01.45 has a revised rating procedure now being evaluated by round robin.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the application of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D3623 − 78a (Reapproved2004)
Standard Test Method for Testing
Antifouling Panels in Shallow Submergence
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversaprocedurefortestingantifoul- 3.1 Definitions:
ing compositions in shallow marine environments and a 3.1.1 shallow submergence—an immersion to depths be-
standard antifouling panel of known performance to serve as a tween 0.3 and 3.0 m (1 and 10 ft).
control in antifouling studies.
3.2 Abbreviations:
3.2.1 The following abbreviations are used in reporting test
NOTE 1—Subcommittee D01.45 has a revised rating procedure now
being evaluated by round robin.
results:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the Al algae
Barn barnacles
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
E.B. encrusting bryozoans
only.
Hyd hydroids
Sl slime
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Tun tunicates
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C.F. completely fouled
F.R. fouling resistance rating
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
A.F. antifouling rating
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
A.C. anticorrosive rating
tion of regulatory limitations prior to use.
O.P. overall performance rating
CO coelenterates
F.B. filamentous bryozoans
2. Referenced Documents
Mol molluscs
PC polychaetes
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A569/A569M 3.2.2 Algal Mups may be delineated by classification nota-
D2200Practice for Use of Pictorial Surface Preparation tion by phyllum as follows:
Standards and Guides for Painting Steel Surfaces
Al-b Phaeophyta (brown)
Al-bg Cyanophyta (blue-green)
2.2 U.S. Military Specifications (See also Annex A1):
Al-g Chlorophyta (green)
MIL-P-15328DPrimer Pretreatment (Formula 117 for Met-
Al-r Rhodophyta (red)
als)
4. Significance and Use
MIL-P-15929CPrimer Coating, Shipboard, Vinyl-Red Lead
4.1 Thismethodisdesignedasascreeningtestinevaluating
(Formula 119—For Hot Spray)
antifouling coating systems. Results of the standard system in
MIL-P-15931B Paint, Antifouling, Vinyl, Red (Formula
a specific marine environment are included to assist in inter-
121/63)
preting results (see Annex A2).
MIL-S-22698A Steel Plate, Carbon, Structural
4.2 Antifouling systems providing positive comparisons
with the standard system should be considered acceptable for
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
use in protecting underwater marine structures.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
4.3 The degree and type of fouling will vary depending on
Subcommittee D01.45 on Marine Coatings.
Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
the environment. Hence, differences in geographic location of
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D3623–78a(1998).
test sites, in time of year when panels are exposed, and in
DOI: 10.1520/D3623-78AR04.
weather conditions from 1 year to the next can affect results.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Therefore, a fouling census on a nontoxic surface is taken. For
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the exposure to be valid the nontoxic surface should show
the ASTM website.
heavy fouling, and the standard system should show signifi-
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
cantly less fouling than the nontoxic surface (see Annex A3
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
dodssp.daps.dla.mil. and Annex A4).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3623 − 78a (2004)
5. Apparatus Spills, overspray, and unused material should not be flushed
down the drain, but should be disposed of as hazardous waste.
5.1 Blast CleaningApparatuscapableofpreparingpanelsin
compliance with 8.1.
8. Procedure
5.2 Application Equipment consisting of brush, roller, con-
8.1 Abrasive blast the required number of panels to near-
ventional spray, or airless spray. Usually the equipment is
whitemetal(Sa2 ⁄2ofMethodD2200)toobtainaprofileof25
dictated by the physical properties of the coating and the film
to 38 µm (1 to 1.5 mils).
thickness desired.
5.3 Exposure Rack to provide firm positioning of the speci- NOTE 2—Aprofile of 25 to 38 µm (1 to 1.5 mils) can be obtained with
the following parameters: (1) Type and size of grit, No. 46 (sand); (2)
men panels such that they are held vertically in place in spite
Pressure, 620 kPa (90 psi); (3)Angle, 90 deg; (4) Distance from surface,
of the current and are electrically insulated from metallic
75 to 125 mm (3 to 5 in.); (5) Nozzle size, 9 mm ( ⁄8 in.).
contact with the rack or other panels. The rack should be
8.2 Ontheclean,dry,uncontaminated,blastedsurfaceapply
positioned such that the prevailing tidal currents will move
to each standard panel one coat of pretreatment coating
parallel to the panel face, and the panels will be immersed to a
depthofaminimumof0.3m(1ft)andamaximumof3m(10 MIL-P-15328D to give a nominal dry film thickness of 13 µm
( ⁄2 mil).
ft). In a rack where the panels are stacked front to back, they
should be spaced at least 60 mm (2 ⁄2 in.) apart, with the two
NOTE 3—All coating drying times are for a minimum temperature of
end positions filled with blank panels. In a rack where the
21°C and a maximum relative humidity of 70%.
panelsaremountedsidebyside,thedistancebetweenadjacent
1 8.3 Within 24 h of application of the pretreatment coating
panels should be a minimum 1.5 mm ( ⁄2 in.).
apply the first coat of red lead vinyl primer MIL-P-15929C.
Apply a total of four coats of red lead vinyl primer to give a
6. Materials
nominal dry film thickness of 150 µm (6 mils ). Allow a
6.1 Test Panel—The substrate for the standard antifouling
minimum of 2 h and a maximum of 24 h drying between coats
coating system shall be medium low-carbon steel plate per
of red lead vinyl primer.
SpecificationA569/A569M, 3mmthickby150to250mmby
8.4 Allowing a minimum of 2 h and a maximum of 24 h
250 to 300 mm ( ⁄8 in. thick by 6 to 10 by 10 to 12 in.) with a
2 2
1 dryingafterthelastcoatofredleadvinylprimer,applythefirst
minimum area per side of 465 cm (72 in. ). A 6-mm ( ⁄4-in.)
coat of vinyl antifouling coating MIL-P-15931B to the stan-
diameter hole, ⁄2 to 1 in. from the top and centered shall be
dard panels, and the test coating to the test panels. A 19-mm
drilled for holding the panel while handling and painting. The
( ⁄4-in.) numbered vinyl tape can be applied before the second
test coating system shall be applied to that substrate for which
coat of antifouling coating for identification. Allowing a
itisdesignedprovidedthereisaminimumareapersideof466
2 2
minimum of 2 h and a maximum of 24 h drying after the first
cm (72 in. ).
coat, apply a second coat of the respective antifouling coating
6.2 Standard Coating System—The standard antifouling
to give a nominal dry film thickness for both antifouling coats
coating system shall consist of:
of 100 µm (4 mils).
6.2.1 Green pretreatment coating conforming to U.S. Mili-
8.5 Before immersion permit the second coat of antifouling
tary Specification MIL-P-15328B (Formula 117), B revision
only. coating to dry a minimum of 4 h and a maximum of 2 weeks,
the latter time allowing for shipping the panels to the immer-
6.2.2 Vinyl red lead primer conforming to U.S. Military
Specification MIL-P-15929C (Formula 119), C revision only. sion site.
6.2.3 Vinyl antifouling coating conforming to U.S. Military
8.6 Exposeforaminimumperiodof1yearatanimmersion
Specification MIL-P-15931B (Formula 121/63), B revision
site with a high incidence of fouling as indicated by attach-
only.
ments on a dark nontoxic surface such as slate. A monthly
6.3 Test Coating System—The test antifouling coating may
fouling census as well as a yearly accumulation when appro-
be applied to the standard primer system, or to any other
priate is required.
suitable anticorrosive primer system.
8.7 Evaluate the antifouling panels for surface fouling and
physical condition of the film system at least monthly as
7. Safety Precautions
follows using the report form in Table 1.
7.1 Warning—Antifouling paints contain toxic materials
8.7.1 Fouling on Surfaces—Rate fouling present on that
that could cause skin and eye irritation on contact and adverse
portionoftheantifoulingtestsurfacewhichisintactatthetime
physiological effects if ingested or inhaled. In the preparation
of inspection (see 9.1). Rate both sides of the panel if
of panels and the application of various types of antifouling
appropriate. Ignore fouling present on the substrate or on
paintstheuseofappropriateprotectiveclothingandequipment
anticorrosive undercoats. Barnacles, polychaetes, coelenter-
is required consistent with local, state, and federal government
ates, etc., that are immature or loosely attached should be so
regulations, and recognized industrial and technical standards.
reported in the appropriate space. Report fouling by initial
algal germination, low-form algae and diatoms as “algal
slime.” Report absorbed organic and inorganic chemicals,
See also U.S. Military Specification MIL-S-22698, Type 1, Class A. trappedsiltanddetritus,andotherunidentifiedslimesas“silt.”
D3623 − 78a (2004)
TABLE 1 Behavior Report of Experimental Surfaces
Origin: Place of Immersion:
Series: Depth of Immersion:
Base: Date Immersed:
Size: Date Inspected:
Inspected by:
Test Surface No. Percent Ratings
A
Fouling on Surfaces Physical Condition
F.R. A.F. A.C. O.P.
Barn:
E.B.:
Others:
Barn:
E.B.:
Others:
Barn:
E.B.:
Others:
Barn:
E.B.:
Others:
Barn:
E.B.:
Others:
Barn:
E.B.:
Others:
Barn:
E.B.:
Others:
A
Fouling reported as found on the more heavily fouled surface. Solitary forms reported numerically; colonial forms by percent surface covered,Al: algae; Barn: barnacles;
E.B.: encrusting bryozoans; Hyd: hydroids; Tun: tunicates; C.F.: completely fouled; CO: coelenterates; F.B.: filamentous bryozoans; Mol: molluscs; PC: polychaetes.
8.7.2 Physical Condition—Rate the condition of coating 9.4 Normalization—The rating system described above is
2 2
filmsinaccordancewith9.2.Recordqualitativedescriptionsof basedonaminimumtestononesideareaof465cm (72in. ).
film deterioration and discoloration in this column, and unless Correct the percent ratings for test surfaces of nonstandard
otherwise specified, refer only to the antifouling test surface. dimensions for the difference between the minimum standard
2 2
Indicate deterioration of undercoats, when evident, by the panel area of 72 in. (465 cm ) and the area on one side of the
notation “A.C.” For example, “Peeling, A.F. from A.C.” or test specimen.
“Chipping, A.C. from steel.”
10. Report
9. Calculations:
10.1 Report the results of the immersion test in terms of
fouling resistance and overall performance for both the mate-
9.1 Fouling Resistance (F.R.)—Award each test surface free
rial under test and the standard system.
of fouling except for the presence of algal spores and other
biological slimes a rating of 100. Reduce the rating to 95 if
10.2 Other Data—Report the place, depth, and date of
onlyincipientfoulingispresent.Ifmatureformsoffoulingare
immersion, whether mounted from a dock or a floating raft,
present,obtaintheratingbysubtractingfrom95thesumofthe
date the panels were removed and inspected, panel size, and
number of individuals present and percent surface covered by
panel identification number.Acensus of fouling on a nontoxic
colonial forms. For example, if the “fouling on surface” is:
surface taken each month for the period of exposure must be
Barn 6, 3 to 10 mm
included in the report.
E.B. None
Others Mol 1,20 mm
11. Precision
Al-g (green) 10 %
11.1 The precision statements are based on an interlabora-
thentheF.R.percentratingwouldbe95−(6+1+10)=78.
tory study in which seven laboratories prepared pairs of panels
9.2 Physical Condition:
coated with the standard antifouling system, submerged them,
9.2.1 Antifouling Film (A.F.)—Award an antifouling test
and after 1 year rated the fouling. The within-laboratory
surfacehavingnophysicaldefectsaratingof100.Subtractthe
standard deviation was found to be 2.08. The between-
percent surface affected by film defects from 100 to obtain the
laboratory standard deviation was found to be 4.67. Based on
rating for imperfect films.
thesestandarddeviations,thefollowingcriteriashouldbeused
9.2.2 Anticorrosive Film (A.C.)—Obtain the rating by the
to judge the acceptability of results at the 95% confidence
same procedure as 9.2.1.
level:
9.3 Overall Performance (O.P.)—For overall performance, 11.1.1 Repeatability—Two results each the mean of dupli-
awardthepanelthelowestpercentratingofthethreepreceding cates obtained by the same operator should be considered
values. suspect if they differ by more than seven units.
D3623 − 78a (2004)
11.1.2 Reproducibility—Two results each the mean of du-
plicates obtained by operators in different laboratories should
be considered suspect if they differ by more than 16 units.
12. Keywords
12.1 antifouling; antifouling coatings; fouling; immersion;
performance; static
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. STANDARD COATING SYSTEM FORMULAS
TABLE A1.1 Green Pretreatment Coating, MIL-P-15328D (Formula 117)
Pounds per 100 gal Gallons per 100 gal
of Mixed Material of Mixed Material
Ingredients of resin component (80 gal):
A
Polyvinyl-butyral resin 56 6.10
B
Zinc chromate (insoluble type) 54 1.78
Magnesium-silicate (Type A or B of Specification MIL-M-15173) 8 0.34
Lampblack (Specification TT-L-70) 0.6 0.04
Butyl alcohol, normal (Spec. TT-B-846) 125 18.48
C
Isopropyl alcohol, 99 % 353 53.80
Water 15 1.80
Ingredients of acid component (20 gal):
Phosphoric acid (Class A of Spec. O-P-313) 28 2.0
Water 25 3.0
C
Isopropyl alcohol, 99 % 99 15.0
A
The resin shall be a polyvinyl partial butyral resin containing only poly(vinyl butyral), poly(vinyl alcohol), and poly(vinyl acetate) in the molecule. The resin shall contain
18.0 to 20.0 % vinyl alcohol, and not more than 1.0 % of vinyl acetate.A 6 % solution of the resin in methanol shall have a viscosi
...
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