ASTM D6201-04(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dynamometer Evaluation of Unleaded Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation
Standard Test Method for Dynamometer Evaluation of Unleaded Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Test Method—The Coordinating Research Council sponsored testing to develop this test method to evaluate a fuel's tendency to form intake valve deposits.
State and Federal Legislative and Regulatory Action—Regulatory action by California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) necessitate the acceptance of a standardized test method to evaluate the intake system deposit forming tendency of an automotive spark-ignition engine fuel.
Relevance of Results—The operating conditions and design of the engine used in this test method are not representative of all engines. These factors shall be considered when interpreting test results.
Test Validity:
Procedural Compliance—The test results are not considered valid unless the test is completed in compliance with all requirements of this test method. Deviations from the parameter limits presented in Sections 12-14 will result in an invalid test. Apply engineering judgment during conduct of the test method when assessing any anomalies to ensure validity of the test results.
Engine Compliance—A test is not considered valid unless the test engine meets the quality control inspection requirements as described in Sections 10 and 12.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an engine dynamometer test procedure for evaluation of intake valve deposit formation of unleaded spark-ignition engine fuels. This test method uses a Ford Ranger 2.3 L four-cylinder engine. This test method includes detailed information regarding the procedure, hardware, and operations.
1.2 The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) is responsible for engine test stand calibration as well as issuance of information letters after test method modifications are approved by Subcommittee D02.A0 and Committee D02. Users of this test method shall request copies of recent information letters from the TMC to ensure proper conduct of the test method.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given throughout this test method.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6201 − 04(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Dynamometer Evaluation of Unleaded Spark-Ignition Engine
Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6201; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Subject Section
Engine Operating Area 6.1.2
1.1 This test method covers an engine dynamometer test
Fuel Injector Testing Area 6.1.3
procedure for evaluation of intake valve deposit formation of Intake Valve Rinsing and Parts Cleaning Area 6.1.4
Parts Rating and Intake Valve Weighing Area 6.1.5
unleaded spark-ignition engine fuels. This test method uses a
Test Stand Laboratory Equipment 6.2
Ford Ranger 2.3 L four-cylinder engine. This test method
Test Stand Configuration 6.2.1
includes detailed information regarding the procedure, Dynamometer Speed and Load Control System 6.2.2
Intake Air Supply System 6.2.3
hardware, and operations.
Exhaust System 6.2.4
Fuel Supply System 6.2.5
1.2 The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) is respon-
Engine Control Calibration 6.2.6
sible for engine test stand calibration as well as issuance of
Ignition System 6.2.7
information letters after test method modifications are ap-
Engine Coolant System 6.2.8
External Oil System 6.2.9
proved by Subcommittee D02.A0 and Committee D02. Users
Temperature Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.10
of this test method shall request copies of recent information
Pressure Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.11
letters from the TMC to ensure proper conduct of the test Flow Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.12
Speed and Load Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.13
method.
Exhaust Emissions Measurement Equipment and Location 6.2.14
DPFE (EGR) Voltage Measurement Equipment and Location 6.2.15
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Ignition Timing Measurement Equipment and Location 6.2.16
standard. The values in parentheses are provided for informa-
Test Engine Hardware 6.3
tion only.
Test Engine Parts 6.3.1
New Parts Required 6.3.2
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Reusable Engine Parts 6.3.3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Special Measurement and Assembly Equipment 6.4
Reagents and Materials 7
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Hazards 8
priate safety and health practices and determine applicability
Reference Fuel 9
of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning state-
Preparation of Apparatus 10
Test Stand Preparation 10.1
ments are given throughout this test method.
Engine Block Preparation 10.2
1.5 This test method is arranged as follows:
Preparation of Miscellaneous Engine Components 10.3
Subject Section Cylinder Head Preparation 10.4
Scope 1 Cylinder Head Assembly 10.5
Referenced Documents 2 Cylinder Head Installation 10.6
Terminology 3 Final Engine Assembly 10.7
Calibration 11
Summary of Test Method 4
Significance and Use 5 Test Stand Calibration 11.1
Instrumentation Calibration 11.2
Apparatus 6
Laboratory Facilities 6.1 Procedure 12
Engine and Cylinder Head Build-Up and Measurement Area 6.1.1 Pretest Procedure 12.1
Engine Operating Procedure 12.2
Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3
End of Test Procedures 12.4
This test method is under jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Determination of Test Results 13
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcom- Post-Test Intake Valve Weighing Procedure 13.1
mittee D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends. Photographs of Parts—General 13.2
Induction System Rating 13.3
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originally
Determination of Test Validity-Engine Conformance 13.4
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6201–04. DOI:
Report 14
10.1520/D6201-04R09.
Precision and Bias 15
Supporting data have been filed atASTM International Headquarters and may
Keywords 16
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1453.
3 Annexes
ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA
Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A1
15206-4489.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6201 − 04 (2009)
D5482Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
Subject Section
Engine Part Number Listing Annex A2
ucts (Mini Method—Atmospheric)
Statistical Equations for Mean and Standard Deviation Annex A3
E203Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer
Titration
2. Referenced Documents
E1064Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
metric Karl Fischer Titration
D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
2.2 ANSI Standard:
Atmospheric Pressure
MC96.1Temperature Measurement-Thermocouples
D235Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent) 2.3 Coordinating Research Council (CRC):
D287Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum and CRC Manual 16,Carburetor and Induction System Rating
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method) Manual
D381Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
2.4 SAE Standard:
ration
J254InstrumentationandTechniquesforExhaustGasEmis-
D525Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-
sions Measurement
duction Period Method)
D873Test Method for Oxidation Stability ofAviation Fuels
3. Terminology
(Potential Residue Method)
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D1266TestMethodforSulfurinPetroleumProducts(Lamp
3.1.1 base fuel, n—unleaded automotive spark-ignition en-
Method)
gine fuel that does not contain a deposit control additive, but
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
may contain antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, metal
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
deactivators, dyes, or oxygenates, or a combination thereof.
ucts by Hydrometer Method
3.1.2 blowby, n—the combustion products and unburned
D1319TestMethodforHydrocarbonTypesinLiquidPetro-
air/fuel mixture that enter the crankcase.
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D1744Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid
3.1.3 deposit control additive, n—materialaddedtothebase
Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent fuel to prevent or remove deposits in the entire engine intake
D2427Test Method for Determination of C through C
system.
2 5
Hydrocarbons in Gasolines by Gas Chromatography 3.1.3.1 Discussion—Forthepurposeofthistestmethod,the
D2622Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
performance evaluation of a deposit control additive is limited
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry to the tulip area of intake valves.
D3237TestMethodforLeadinGasolinebyAtomicAbsorp-
3.1.4 exhaust emissions, n—combustion products from the
tion Spectroscopy
test fuel including unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon mon-
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
oxide(CO),carbondioxide(CO ),unreactedoxygen(O ),and
2 2
Petroleum Products
oxides of nitrogen (NO ).
x
D4294Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
3.1.5 intake system, n—components of the engine whose
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
function it is to prepare and deliver an air/fuel mixture to the
trometry
combustionchamberandincludesthethrottle,intakemanifold,
D4814Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and positive crankcase venti-
Fuel
lation (PCV) ports, cylinder head runners and ports, intake
D4953Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
valves, and fuel injectors.
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
3.1.6 intake valve deposit, n—material accumulated on the
D5059Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-
tulip area of the intake valve, generally composed of carbon,
troscopy
other fuel, lubricant, and additive decomposition products, and
D5190Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
atmospheric contaminants.
ucts (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)
D5191Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
3.1.7 test fuel, n—base fuel with or without the addition of
ucts (Mini Method)
a deposit control additive.
D5302Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a 4. Summary of Test Method
Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with
4.1 This test method utilizes a 1994 Ford 2.3 Lin-line, four
Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-
cylinder, Ford Ranger truck engine with 49 state emission
Duty Conditions (Withdrawn 2003)
4 6
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the Coordinating Research Council, Inc., 3650 Mansell Road,
the ASTM website. Suite 140, Alpharetta, GA 30022.
5 8
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
www.astm.org. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
D6201 − 04 (2009)
calibration. The cylinder block and cylinder head are con- 6. Apparatus
NOTE1—PhotographsareprovidedinAnnexA1depictingtherequired
structed of cast iron. The engine features an overhead
apparatus and suggesting appropriate design details.
camshaft, a cross-flow, fast burn cylinder head design, and
electronic port fuel injection.
6.1 Laboratory Facilities:
6.1.1 EngineandCylinderHeadBuild-upandMeasurement
4.2 Each test engine is built to a rigid set of specifications
Area—The engine and cylinder head build-up and measure-
using a specially designated intake valve deposit parts kit
ment area shall be reasonably free from contaminants and
produced by the Ford Motor Co. (see Table A2.3). New,
maintainedatauniformtemperature 63°C(65°F)between10
weighed,intakevalvesareusedtorebuildthecylinderhead.A
to 27°C (50 to 80°F).
standard engine oil is used for each test and a new oil filter is
6.1.2 Engine Operating Area—The engine operating area
installed. The test engine is subjected to a rigorous quality
should be relatively free from contaminants. The temperature
control procedure to verify proper engine operation. To ensure
and humidity level of the operating area are not specified.Air
compliance with the test objective, data acquisition of key
fromafancanberoutedontotheproductionairintakesystem
parameters is utilized during test operation.
to assist in maintaining intake air temperature control.
4.3 Thecompletefuelsystemisflushedoftestfuelfromthe
6.1.3 Fuel Injector Testing Area—The fuel injector testing
previous test. The fuel system is then filled with the new test
area shall be reasonably free of contaminants. The humidity
fuel.
should be maintained at a uniform comfortable level.
4.4 The engine is operated on a cycle consisting of two
(Warning—Inadditiontootherprecautions,provideadequate
stages. The first stage comprises operating the engine at 2000
ventilation and fire protection in areas where flammable or
r/min and 30.6 kPa (230 mm Hg) manifold absolute pressure
volatile liquids and solvents, or both, are used.)
for 4 min. The second stage comprises operating the engine at
6.1.4 Intake Valve Rinsing and Parts Cleaning Area—The
2800 r/min and 71.8 kPa (540 mm Hg) manifold absolute
intakevalverinsingandpartscleaningareashallbereasonably
pressure for 8 min. Ramp time between each stage is 30 s and
free of contaminants. The humidity should be maintained at a
isindependentofthestagetimes.Thecycleisrepeatedfor100
uniform comfortable level. Because of the delicate nature of
h.
the deposits, do not subject the deposits to extreme changes in
temperature or humidity. (Warning —In addition to other
5. Significance and Use
precautions, provide adequate ventilation and fire protection in
areaswhereflammableorvolatileliquidsandsolvents,orboth,
5.1 Test Method—The Coordinating Research Council
are used.)
sponsored testing to develop this test method to evaluate a
fuel’s tendency to form intake valve deposits. 6.1.5 Parts Rating and Intake Valve Weighing Area—The
parts rating area and the intake valve weighing area shall be
5.1.1 State and Federal Legislative and Regulatory
Action—Regulatory action by California Air Resources Board reasonably free of contaminants.
(CARB) and the United States Environmental Protection
6.2 Test Stand Laboratory Equipment:
Agency (EPA) necessitate the acceptance of a standardized
6.2.1 Test Stand Configuration—An example of a similar
test method to evaluate the intake system deposit forming
test stand configuration is described in Test Method D5302
tendency of an automotive spark-ignition engine fuel.
(Sequence VE lubricant test method) since the same Ford 2.3
5.1.2 Relevance of Results—The operating conditions and
Lbaseengineisutilized.Mounttheengineontheteststandso
design of the engine used in this test method are not represen-
that the flywheel friction face is 4.0 6 0.5° from the vertical
tative of all engines. These factors shall be considered when
with the front of the engine higher than the rear. The engine
interpreting test results.
shall be coupled directly to the dynamometer through a
5.2 Test Validity: driveshaft. A test stand set-up kit is detailed in Table A2.1.A
5.2.1 Procedural Compliance—The test results are not con- special “dynamometer laboratory” wiring harness, Part No.
sideredvalidunlessthetestiscompletedincompliancewithall DTSC.260.113.00E is required. Engine driven accessories
requirements of this test method. Deviations from the param- include engine water pump and alternator or idler pulley
eterlimitspresentedinSections12–14willresultinaninvalid
configuration as detailed in 10.7.9. If an alternator is installed,
test. Apply engineering judgment during conduct of the test it is to serve only as an idler pulley; it is not to be energized.
methodwhenassessinganyanomaliestoensurevalidityofthe
6.2.2 Dynamometer Speed and Load Control System—The
test results.
dynamometer used for this test is the Midwest 1014, 175
5.2.2 Engine Compliance—A test is not considered valid
horsepower, dry gap dynamometer or equivalent. Equivalency
unless the test engine meets the quality control inspection
means that the dynamometer and dynamometer control system
requirements as described in Sections 10 and 12.
sha
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