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ASTM D8251-23

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Determining Compressor Oil Carryover in Compressed Natural Gas Used as a Natural Gas Motor Vehicle Fuel

Standard Practice for Determining Compressor Oil Carryover in Compressed Natural Gas Used as a Natural Gas Motor Vehicle Fuel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Uncontrolled oil carryover from lubricated natural gas compressors can adversely affect natural gas vehicle (NGV) performance. In some instances, small amounts of oil will accumulate in vehicle pressure regulators and slow their response. It can also affect other components of the engine fueling system. Erratic engine performance, under fueling, or engine shutdown can occur. Such incidents have been reported by operators of NGV fueling stations and vehicles.  
5.2 There is some vaporization of the lubrication (lube) oil that occurs due to compression of the gas. The oil vapor in CNG can be collected using a sorbent tube and quantified. Along with quantification of lube oil, this procedure can collect solids present in the gas.  
5.3 These methods do not separate any solids including siloxane from the compressor oil carryover or vapor.  
5.4 This practice can be applied to other gaseous samples requiring determination of compressor oil carryover provided the user’s data quality objectives are satisfied.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard practice is intended for gravimetric determination of compressor oil carryover as aerosols using either a coalescing filter method or sorbent tube method.  
1.2 The method using coalescing filters is applicable to analysis of compressor or lube oil carryover as a liquid and is intended for long term monitoring of a compressed natural gas (CNG) dispenser system.  
1.3 The method using a sorbent tube is applicable to analysis of compressor or lube oil carryover as a vapor and liquid in CNG dispenser systems present at 1 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg in a sample volume of 0.2 m3 to 0.6 m3. This method is applicable to a measurement intended to replicate the filling of a vehicle.  
1.4 This standard shall be applicable to natural gas, biogas, or renewable natural gas (RNG) that is compressed for use as a fuel for internal combustion engines in motor vehicles.  
1.5 This standard shall be applicable to natural gas, biogas, or renewable natural gas when they have been blended with hydrogen and have been compressed for use as a fuel for internal combustion engines in motor vehicles.  
1.6 The user shall determine if the volumetric measuring elements of the dispensing system are adjusted for the composition of gaseous fuel blends being delivered and those volumetric measuring elements correctly calculate the volume of fuel delivered. The users shall apply appropriate correction factors if necessary.  
1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.8 Mention of trade names or organizations in this standard does not constitute endorsement or recommendation. Other manufacturers of equipment or equipment models can be used.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2023
ICS
75.060 - Natural gas
Technical Committee
D03 - Gaseous Fuels
Drafting Committee
D03.06 - Analysis of Constituents in Gaseous Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E617-23 - Standard Specification for Laboratory Weights and Precision Mass Standards
Effective Date
15-Aug-2023
Refers
ASTM D4150-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
15-Dec-2019
Refers
ASTM E617-18 - Standard Specification for Laboratory Weights and Precision Mass Standards
Effective Date
01-Oct-2018
Refers
ASTM D4150-08(2016) - Standard Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
01-Jul-2016
Refers
ASTM D3588-98(2011) - Standard Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
01-Nov-2011
Refers
ASTM D1070-03(2010) - Standard Test Methods for Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Refers
ASTM D4150-08 - Standard Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
01-Dec-2008
Refers
ASTM E617-97(2008) - Standard Specification for Laboratory Weights And Precision Mass Standards
Effective Date
01-Dec-2008
Refers
ASTM D4150-03 - Standard Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
10-Aug-2003
Refers
ASTM D1070-03 - Standard Test Methods for Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Refers
ASTM D3588-98(2003) - Standard Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Refers
ASTM D4150-00 - Standard Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
10-Jun-2000
Refers
ASTM D1070-85(1998) - Standard Test Methods for Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Refers
ASTM D3588-98 - Standard Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
10-May-1998
Refers
ASTM E617-97(2003) - Standard Specification for Laboratory Weights And Precision Mass Standards
Effective Date
10-Nov-1997

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ASTM D8251-23 - Standard Practice for Determining Compressor Oil Carryover in Compressed Natural Gas Used as a Natural Gas Motor Vehicle FuelASTM D8251-23 - Standard Practice for Determining Compressor Oil Carryover in Compressed Natural Gas Used as a Natural Gas Motor Vehicle Fuel
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ASTM D8251-23 - Standard Practice for Determining Compressor Oil Carryover in Compressed Natural Gas Used as a Natural Gas Motor Vehicle Fuel
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8251 − 23
Standard Practice for
Determining Compressor Oil Carryover in Compressed
1
Natural Gas Used as a Natural Gas Motor Vehicle Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8251; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This standard practice is intended for gravimetric deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mination of compressor oil carryover as aerosols using either a
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
coalescing filter method or sorbent tube method.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 The method using coalescing filters is applicable to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
analysis of compressor or lube oil carryover as a liquid and is
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
intended for long term monitoring of a compressed natural gas
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
(CNG) dispenser system.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 The method using a sorbent tube is applicable to
2. Referenced Documents
analysis of compressor or lube oil carryover as a vapor and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
liquid in CNG dispenser systems present at 1 mg ⁄kg to
3 3
D1070 Test Methods for Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
500 mg ⁄kg in a sample volume of 0.2 m to 0.6 m . This
D3588 Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility
method is applicable to a measurement intended to replicate the
Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
filling of a vehicle.
D4150 Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
1.4 This standard shall be applicable to natural gas, biogas,
E617 Specification for Laboratory Weights and Precision
or renewable natural gas (RNG) that is compressed for use as
Mass Standards
a fuel for internal combustion engines in motor vehicles.
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
1.5 This standard shall be applicable to natural gas, biogas,
ISO 15970:2008 Natural gas—Measurement of properties—
or renewable natural gas when they have been blended with
Volumetric properties: density, pressure, temperature, and
hydrogen and have been compressed for use as a fuel for
compression factor
internal combustion engines in motor vehicles.
3. Terminology
1.6 The user shall determine if the volumetric measuring
3.1 For definitions of terms used D03 Gaseous Fuels
elements of the dispensing system are adjusted for the compo-
standards, refer to Terminology D4150.
sition of gaseous fuel blends being delivered and those
volumetric measuring elements correctly calculate the volume
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
of fuel delivered. The users shall apply appropriate correction
3.2.1 natural gas vehicle (NGV), n—vehicle designed to
factors if necessary.
operate on compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas
(LNG), or renewable natural gas (RNG).
1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as standard.
4. Summary of Practice
1.8 Mention of trade names or organizations in this standard
4.1 This practice describes construction of an apparatus for
does not constitute endorsement or recommendation. Other
collecting compressor oil contained in CNG as well as a
manufacturers of equipment or equipment models can be used.
procedure for collecting and gravimetrically measuring com-
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pressor oil in CNG.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 on Gaseous Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.06 on Analysis of the ASTM website.
3
Constituents in Gaseous Fuels. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published July 2023. DOI: 10.1520/ Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
D8251-23. Switzerland, https://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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Standard Test Method for Water Vapor in Natural Gas Using Length-of-Stain Detector Tubes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measurement of water vapor in natural gas is important because of the gas quality specifications, the corrosive nature of water vapor on pipeline materials, and the effects of water vapor on utilization equipment.  
5.2 This test method provides inexpensive field screening of water vapor. The system design is such that it may be used by nontechnical personnel with a minimum of proper training.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for rapid and simple field determination of water vapor in natural gas pipelines. Available detector tubes provide a total measuring range of 0.1 to 40 mg/L, although the majority of applications will be on the lower end of this range (that is, under 0.5 mg/L). At least one manufacturer provides tubes that read directly in pounds of water per million cubic feet of gas. See Note 1.  
1.2 Detector tubes are usually subject to interferences from gases and vapors other than the target substance. Such interferences may vary among brands because of the use of different detection methods. Consult manufacturer's instructions for specific interference information. Alcohols and glycols will cause interferences on some water vapor tubes because of the presence of the hydroxyl group on those molecules.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
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5.1 The measurement of hydrogen sulfide in natural gas is important because of gas quality specifications, the corrosive nature of H2S on pipeline materials, and the effects of H2S on utilization equipment.  
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1.2 Typically, sulfur dioxide and mercaptans may cause positive interferences. In some cases, nitrogen dioxide can cause a negative interference. Most detector tubes will have a “precleanse” layer designed to remove certain interferences up to some maximum interferent level. Consult manufacturers' instructions for specific interference information.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6273-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Natural Gas Odor Intensity

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Federal regulations (49 CFR Part 192.625) state: “A combustible gas in a distribution line must contain a natural odorant or be odorized so that at a concentration in air of one-fifth of the lower explosive limit, the gas is readily detectable by a person with a normal sense of smell.” These regulations state further that “To assure the proper concentration of odorant with this section, each operator must conduct periodic sampling of combustible gases using an instrument capable of determining the percentage of gas in air at which the odor becomes readily detectable.” Additionally, a number of states have enacted legislation that requires natural gas to be odorized so that it is detectable at concentrations less than one fifth of the lower explosive limit. See Note 1. While regulations do not specify the exact method for determining compliance, it has been documented that compliance testing must be olfactory in nature.4
Note 1: For example, Massachusetts Section 192.625 MFS Standards requires that “... a concentration of fifteen hundredths of one percent gas in the air is readily perceptible to the normal or average olfactory senses of a person...”  
4.2 This test method covers procedures to measure the odor level of natural gas by way of olfactory determination. No direct correlation may be ascertained between this test method and those methods available or under development that quantitatively measure the concentration of sulfur compounds in natural gas.  
4.3 This test method outlines general procedures to measure the odor detection levels of natural gas. It is the responsibility of persons using this test method to develop and maintain equipment and specific operating procedures to ensure public safety and compliance with all appropriate regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedures for determining the threshold detection level, readily detectable level, and odor intensity of natural gas using instruments that dilute and mix the sampled natural gas with air. The mixed gas stream is then sniffed by the operator for the purpose of determining any of these parameters for odorant in a natural gas stream.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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