ASTM C1756-14

Standard Guide for Comparing Sealant Behavior to Reference Photographs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to be used in evaluating sealant conditions that occur in service, along with other diagnostic techniques in failure analysis. These standard reference photographs have been selected and approved through ASTM's consensus balloting process to illustrate terms defined by Committee C24.  
4.2 Not all of the terms illustrated here are failures, and there are other failure mechanisms that affect sealants that are not discussed in this guide. This guide is intended to be one of a number of sources of information used in the evaluation of sealant behavior.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides photographs that illustrate sealant behavior terms that have been defined by Committee C24.  
1.2 When available, photographs that better illustrate these terms, or that illustrate additional terms defined by Committee C24, will be included in future editions of this standard. Photographs for consideration may be submitted to the committee using the form in Appendix X1.  
1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2013
• ICS: 91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
• Technical Committee: C24 - Building Seals and Sealants
• Drafting Committee: C24.10 - Specifications, Guides and Practices

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1756-11 - Standard Guide for Comparing Sealant Behavior to Reference Photographs
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2014
• Replaced By: ASTM C1756-17 - Standard Guide for Comparing Seal or Sealant Behavior to Reference Photographs
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1756 − 14
Standard Guide for
1
Comparing Sealant Behavior to Reference Photographs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1756; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This guide provides photographs that illustrate sealant
3.1 The terms used in this guide are defined inTerminology
behavior terms that have been defined by Committee C24.
C717.
1.2 When available, photographs that better illustrate these
terms, or that illustrate additional terms defined by Committee
4. Significance and Use
C24, will be included in future editions of this standard.
4.1 This guide is intended to be used in evaluating sealant
Photographs for consideration may be submitted to the com-
conditions that occur in service, along with other diagnostic
mittee using the form in Appendix X1.
techniques in failure analysis. These standard reference photo-
1.3 Thecommitteewithjurisdictionoverthisstandardisnot
graphs have been selected and approved through ASTM’s
aware of any comparable standards published by other orga-
consensus balloting process to illustrate terms defined by
nizations.
Committee C24.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.2 Not all of the terms illustrated here are failures, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- there are other failure mechanisms that affect sealants that are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
not discussed in this guide. This guide is intended to be one of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. a number of sources of information used in the evaluation of
sealant behavior.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Reference Photographs
C717Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants
5.1 Figs. 1-9 present a standard reference photograph for
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC24onBuildingSeals each of the terms defined inTerminology C717, reprinted with
and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10
their definitions.
onSpecifications, Guides and Practices.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published January 2014. Originally
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1756-11. DOI: 6. Keywords
10.1520/C1756-14.
2 6.1 adhesion failure; chalking; cohesion failure; crazed; dirt
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
pick-up; elastomeric joint sealant; fluid migration; reversion;
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
rundown; sag
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1756 − 14
adhesion failure, n—in building construction, failure of the bond between a
sealant and a substrate.
Discussion—This definition pertains to interfacial adhesion failure, a lack of
bond at the interface between the materials. Interphasal adhesion failure, within
the sealant or substrate near the interface, is less common and may appear to be
cohesive failure, n—in building construction, failure characterized by rupture
interfacial without the use of magnification.
within the sealant.
FIG. 1 Adhesion Failure
FIG. 3 Cohesive Failure
chalking, v—in building construction, formation of a powder on the surface of a
crazed, adj—in building construction, having a random network of cracks in a
sealant that is caused by the disintegration of the polymer or binding medium due
sealant surface which do not penetrate through the body of the material.
to weathering.
FIG. 4 Crazed
FIG. 2 Chalking
2

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
C1756 − 14
dirt pick-up, n—in building construction, soiling caused by a foreign material
other than micro-organism growth that is deposited on, adhered to, or embedded
into a sealant.
reversion, n—in building construction in joint sealing, a loss of elastomeric
FIG. 5 Dirt Pick-up
properties and a decrease in durometer hardness of a seal or cured sealant
following environmental exposure.
Discussion—Softening and the ability to permanently reshape a seal or sealant
usually characterizes reversion. Depending on a specific seal or sealant
formulation, high heat, ultraviolet radiation, or moisture (as a liquid or vapor) may
cause reversion acting either alone or in combination. The seal and sealant
industry is not in agreement on reversion cau
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1756 − 11 C1756 − 14
Standard Guide for
1
Comparing Sealant Behavior to Reference Photographs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1756; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides photographs that illustrate sealant behavior terms that have been defined by Committee C24.
1.2 When available, photographs that better illustrate these terms, or that illustrate additional terms defined by Committee C24,
will be included in future editions of this standard. Photographs for consideration may be submitted to the committee using the
form in Appendix X1.
1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other
organizations.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants
3. Terminology
3.1 The terms used in this guide are defined in Terminology C717.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This guide is intended to be used in evaluating sealant conditions that occur in service, along with other diagnostic
techniques in failure analysis. These standard reference photographs have been selected and approved through ASTM’s consensus
balloting process to illustrate terms defined by Committee C24.
4.2 Not all of the terms illustrated here are failures, and there are other failure mechanisms that affect sealants that are not
discussed in this guide. This guide is intended to be one of a number of sources of information used in the evaluation of sealant
behavior.
5. Reference Photographs
5.1 Figs. 1-9 present a standard reference photograph for each of the terms defined in Terminology C717, reprinted with their
definitions.
6. Keywords
6.1 adhesion failure; chalking; cohesion failure; crazed; dirt pick-up; elastomeric joint sealant; fluid migration; reversion;
rundown; sag
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on Building Seals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10 onSpecifications,
Guides and Practices.
Current edition approved June 15, 2011Jan. 1, 2014. Published August 2011January 2014. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as
C1756-11. DOI: 10.1520/C1756-11.10.1520/C1756-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1756 − 14
adhesion failure, n—in building construction, failure of the bond between a
sealant and a substrate.
Discussion—This definition pertains to interfacial adhesion failure, a lack of
bond at the interface between the materials. Interphasal adhesion failure, within
the sealant or substrate near the interface, is less common and may appear to be
cohesive failure, n—in building construction, failure characterized by rupture
inerfacial without the use of magnification.
within the sealant.
FIG. 1 Adhesion Failure
FIG. 3 Cohesive Failure
chalking, v—in building construction, formation of a powder on the surface of a
crazed, adj—in building construction, having a random network of cracks in a
sealant that is caused by the disintegration of the polymer or binding medium due
sealant surface which do not penetrate through the body of the material.
to weathering.
FIG. 4 Crazed
FIG. 2 Chalking
2

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
C1756 − 14
dirt pick-up, n—in building construction, soiling caused by a foreign material
other than micro-organism growth that is deposited on, adhered to, or embedded
into a sealant.
reversion, n—in building construction in joint sealing, a loss of elastomeric
FIG. 5 Dirt Pick-up
properties and a decrease in durometer hardness of a seal or cured sealant
following environmental exposure.
Discussion—
...