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ASTM D4039-93(2004)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces

Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Measured gloss values of specimens depend on the angle of illumination, refractive index of the material, and the geometric distribution of the reflected light.
Haze is produced by irregularities in the reflecting surface that affect the distribution of flux reflected around the specular angle. The procedures specified in Test Method D 523 are not designed to measure reflected-flux scattering characteristics of high-gloss finishes, particularly where specimens having different surface refractive indexes are being compared. A better index of scattering can be obtained by making two specular reflectance measurements, that is, the use of two receptor apertures of different size.
In this test method, values for reflection haze are obtained from two measurements of specular gloss, one made with a large receptor aperture and the other made with a small receptor aperture. The geometric conditions have been chosen to permit the use of glossmeters that provide 60° specular gloss measurements (large receptor aperture) and 20° specular gloss measurements (small receptor aperture) as specified in Test Method D 523.
An additional method for the measurement of reflection haze is given in Test Method E 430.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for using two specular gloss measurements to obtain a haze index for high-gloss nonmetallic specimens (). It is particularly useful for evaluating the haze in clear finishes on nonglossy substrates, and the haze in reflected images produced by the surfaces of opaque glossy pigmented finishes.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2004
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.03 - Geometry
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4039-93(1999) - Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D4039-09 - Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM E179-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of Materials
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D523-14(2018) - Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5382-02(2017) - Standard Guide to Evaluation of Optical Properties of Powder Coatings
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5767-18 - Standard Test Method for Instrumental Measurement of Distinctness-of-Image (DOI) Gloss of Coated Surfaces
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004

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ASTM D4039-93(2004) - Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss SurfacesASTM D4039-93(2004) - Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces
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ASTM D4039-93(2004) - Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 4039 – 93 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.1 60° specular gloss G , n—specular gloss measured
with the 60° geometry specified in Test Method D523.
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for using two
3.2.2 20° specular gloss G , n—specular gloss measured
specular gloss measurements to obtain a haze index for
2 with the 20° geometry specified in Test Method D523.
high-gloss nonmetallic specimens (1-4). It is particularly
3.2.3 haze index, H, n—a measure of reflection haze, where
useful for evaluating the haze in clear finishes on nonglossy
H =G −G .
substrates, and the haze in reflected images produced by the 60 20
3.3 Appearance terms used in this standard are defined in
surfaces of opaque glossy pigmented finishes.
Terminology E284.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Measurements of 60° and 20° specular gloss are made
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
on a specimen. The haze index is computed as the difference
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
between the two measurements.
2. Referenced Documents 4.2 This test method is applicable to nonmetallic specimens
having a 60° specular gloss value greater than 70° in accor-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dance with Test Method D523.
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
4.3 Both 60° and 20° specular gloss depend upon the
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
refractive index of the material being measured. Because 20°
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
gloss changes much more rapidly with index than 60° gloss,
D3964 Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens for
the reflection haze value of a specimen also depends on the
Appearance Measurements
indexofrefractionofthematerial.Toestablishacorrectionfor
E284 Terminology of Appearance
theeffectofrefractiveindexwouldrequireitsmeasurementfor
E430 Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-
each material, which is inconvenient. Comparisons of reflec-
Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
tion haze evaluated by this test method are therefore limited to
3. Terminology
specimens of essentially the same refractive index.
3.1 Definitions:
5. Significance and Use
3.1.1 specular gloss, n—ratio of flux reflected in specular
5.1 Measured gloss values of specimens depend on the
direction to incident flux for a specified angle of incidence and
angle of illumination, refractive index of the material, and the
source and receptor angular apertures.
geometric distribution of the reflected light.
3.1.2 haze, n—in reflection—scatteringoflightattheglossy
5.2 Haze is produced by irregularities in the reflecting
surfaceofaspecimenresponsiblefortheapparentreductionof
surface that affect the distribution of flux reflected around the
contrast of objects viewed by reflection at the surface.
specularangle.TheproceduresspecifiedinTestMethodD523
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
are not designed to measure reflected-flux scattering character-
istics of high-gloss finishes, particularly where specimens
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color
havingdifferentsurfacerefractiveindexesarebeingcompared.
and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color
A better index of scattering can be obtained by making two
and Appearance Analysis.
specular reflectance measurements, that is, the use of two
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D4039–93(1999).
receptor apertures of different size.
Boldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendofthis
5.3 In this test method, values for reflection haze are
test method.
3 obtained from two measurements of specular gloss, one made
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
with a large receptor aperture and the other made with a small
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
receptor aperture. The geometric conditions have been chosen
the ASTM website.
Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4039 – 93 (2004)
topermittheuseofglossmetersthatprovide60°speculargloss 9. Procedure
measurements (large receptor aperture) and 20° specular gloss
9.1 Select an area near the center of the test specimen and
measure
...

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