ASTM E749-01
(Practice)Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Continuous Welding
Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Continuous Welding
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides recommended guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of weldments during and immediately following their fabrication by continuous welding processes. The technique is in a developmental stage and is not used routinely on production welding. Depending on the results of ongoing research and preproduction weld monitoring experience, these procedures are subject to change before routine implementation on production welds.
1.2 The procedure described in this practice is applicable to the detection and location of AE sources in weldments and in their heat-affected zone during fabrication, particularly in those cases where the time duration of welding is such that fusion and solidification take place while welding is still in progress.
1.3 The effectiveness of acoustic emission to detect discontinuities in the weldment and the heat-affected zone is dependent on the design of the AE system, the calibration procedure, the weld process, and the material type. Materials that have been monitored include low-carbon steels, low-alloy steels, stainless steels, and some aluminum alloys. The system performance must be verified for each application by demonstrating that the defects of concern can be detected with the desired reliability.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E 749 – 01
Standard Practice for
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Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Continuous Welding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 749; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope 2.2 ASNT Standards:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
1.1 This practice provides recommended guidelines for
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of weldments during and
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certi-
immediately following their fabrication by continuous welding
fication of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
processes.The technique is in a developmental stage and is not
2.3 Military Standard:
used routinely on production welding. Depending on the
MIL-STD-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualifica-
results of ongoing research and preproduction weld monitoring
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tion and Certification
experience, these procedures are subject to change before
routine implementation on production welds.
3. Terminology
1.2 The procedure described in this practice is applicable to
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoacoustic
the detection and location of AE sources in weldments and in
emission testing, see Section B of Terminology E 1316.
theirheat-affectedzoneduringfabrication,particularlyinthose
cases where the time duration of welding is such that fusion
4. Significance and Use
and solidification take place while welding is still in progress.
4.1 Detection and location of AE sources in weldments
1.3 The effectiveness of acoustic emission to detect discon-
during fabrication may provide information related to the
tinuities in the weldment and the heat-affected zone is depen-
integrity of the weld. Such information may be used to direct
dentonthedesignoftheAEsystem,theAEsystemverification
repair procedures on the weld or as a guide for application of
procedure, the weld process, and the material type. Materials
other nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. A major
that have been monitored include low-carbon steels, low-alloy
attribute of applying AE for in-process monitoring of welds is
steels, stainless steels, and some aluminum alloys. The system
the ability of the method to provide immediate real-time
performance must be verified for each application by demon-
information on weld integrity. This feature makes the method
strating that the defects of concern can be detected with the
useful to lower weld costs by repairing defects at the most
desired reliability.
convenient point in the production process. The AE activity
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
from discontinuities in the weldment is stimulated by the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
thermal stresses from the welding process. The AE activity
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
resulting from this stimulation is detected byAE sensors in the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
vicinity of the weldment which convert the acoustic signals
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
into electronic signals. The AE instrumentation similar to that
2. Referenced Documents described in Practice E 569 processes signals and may provide
means for immediate display or indication of AE activity and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for permanent recordings of the data.
E 543 Practice for EvaluatingAgencies Performing Nonde-
2 4.2 Items to be considered in preparation and planning for
structive Testing
monitoring should include but not be limited to the following:
E 569 Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Struc-
2 4.2.1 Description of the system or object to be monitored or
tures During Controlled Stimulation
examined,
E 650 Guide for Mounting PiezoelectricAcoustic Emission
2 4.2.2 Extent of monitoring, that is, entire weld, cover passes
Sensors
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only, and so forth,
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
4.2.3 Limitations or restrictions on the sensor mounting
procedures, if applicable,
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on
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Acoustic Emission. Available from American Society of Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate
Current edition approved July 10, 2001. Published September 2001. Originally Plaza, P. O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.
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published as E 749 – 80. Last previous edition E 749 – 96. AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-509
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