ASTM F588-17(2023)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Window Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact
Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Window Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to establish a measure of resistance for window assemblies subjected to attacks (other than impacting glazing materials) by unskilled or opportunistic burglars. Resistance to higher levels of force generated by skilled burglary attack requires methods such as alarms, communication, or apprehension systems, or special security glazing materials more sophisticated than those evaluated by these test methods. Technicians performing the test should understand the intent of this test method and should be trained on the execution and pass/fail criteria.
5.2 Entry through a window assembly can be accomplished by impacting the glazing materials. This method does not evaluate glazing materials for breakage. Other standards must be used to evaluate forced entry by impacting the glazing.
5.3 Acceptance criteria for performance levels are a matter for authorities having specific jurisdiction to establish. Suggested guidelines are found in Annex A1.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the ability of window assemblies of various types to restrain, delay, or frustrate forced entry.
1.2 For purposes of these test methods, window assemblies are defined as described in 1.2.1 – 1.2.5 and as shown in Fig. 1. Window assemblies with a combination of operable sash and fixed panes (lites) shall be classified and tested separately for each type.
FIG. 1 Typical Window Types (viewed from the exterior)
1.2.1 Type A—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that open by sliding, either vertically or horizontally within the plane of the wall.
1.2.2 Type B—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that are hinged at or near two corners of the sash and that open toward the exterior (outswinging) or toward the interior (inswinging).
1.2.3 Type C—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that are pivoted so that part of the sash opens toward the interior and part of it opens toward the exterior.
1.2.4 Type D—A window assembly which incorporates one or more fixed panes (lites) or stationary sash that are designed not to open.
1.2.5 Type E—A window assembly which incorporates a series of overlapping horizontal louvers that are pivoted simultaneously by a common actuator so that the bottom edge of each louver swings outward and the top edge swings inward during operation.
Note 1: See Fig. 1 for graphic depiction of window assembly types.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F588 − 17 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Methods for
Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Window
Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F588; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.1 These test methods cover the ability of window assem-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
blies of various types to restrain, delay, or frustrate forced
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
entry.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 For purposes of these test methods, window assemblies
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
are defined as described in 1.2.1 – 1.2.5 and as shown in Fig.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1. Window assemblies with a combination of operable sash and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
fixed panes (lites) shall be classified and tested separately for
each type.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.1 Type A—A window assembly which incorporates one
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or more sash that open by sliding, either vertically or horizon-
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
tally within the plane of the wall.
E699 Specification for Agencies Involved in Testing, Quality
1.2.2 Type B—A window assembly which incorporates one
Assurance, and Evaluating of Manufactured Building
or more sash that are hinged at or near two corners of the sash
Components
and that open toward the exterior (outswinging) or toward the
2.2 AAMA Standard:
interior (inswinging).
AAMA 1302.5-76 Voluntary Specifications for Forced Entry
1.2.3 Type C—A window assembly which incorporates one
Resistant Aluminum Prime Windows
or more sash that are pivoted so that part of the sash opens
2.3 CAWM Standards:
toward the interior and part of it opens toward the exterior.
CAWM 301-90 Forced Entry Resistance Tests for Windows
1.2.4 Type D—A window assembly which incorporates one
CMBSO 1-79 California Model Building Security Ordi-
or more fixed panes (lites) or stationary sash that are designed
nance
not to open.
1.2.5 Type E—A window assembly which incorporates a
3. Terminology
series of overlapping horizontal louvers that are pivoted
3.1 Definitions—Definitions for standard terminology can
simultaneously by a common actuator so that the bottom edge
be found in Terminology E631.
of each louver swings outward and the top edge swings inward
during operation.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 locking device(s) (lock), n—one or more components
NOTE 1—See Fig. 1 for graphic depiction of window assembly types.
of a window assembly intended to resist the opening of
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
movable sash or louvers from the exterior.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2.2 louver, n—a glazing component of a louver window.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
3.2.3 louver holder, n—a component of a louver window
that holds the louvers at each end and transfers the pivoting and
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
locking forces from the actuating mechanism(s) to the louvers.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally Available from American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA),
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F588 – 17. DOI: 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4268, http://
10.1520/F0588-17R23. www.aamanet.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F588 − 17 (2023)
FIG. 1 Typical Window Types (viewed from the exterior)
F588 − 17 (2023)
3.2.4 sash operator, n—a component of the window assem- 6.2 Performance Criteria—The performance level is at-
bly that is used to move, pivot, or adjust the position of a tained if all locking devices remain engaged and entry cannot
movable sash within the window frame. (The sash operator in be gained during the test or upon removal of loads. If any
some window assemblies is also a locking device.) component during testing, allowing entry, this shall be consid-
ered as failure to attain the performance level. Glazing which
4. Summary of Test Method breaks, but does not allow entry, shall not be considered a
failure to attain the performance level.
4.1 The procedure consists of mounting a specimen into a
test assembly fixture which in turn is mounted to a wall support 6.3 Multiple Sash—Window assemblies with a combination
fixture, and, after removing all exterior fasteners and loose of operable sash and fixed panes (lites) shall be classified and
component items, specified loads and forces are applied to the tested separately for each type. If multiple sash within a
window test specimen in a prescribed sequence. Following
window assembly are identical in construction and locking
removal of all loads, a determination is made by the laboratory condition, only one sash need be tested.
technician, as defined by Section 9 of Specification E699,
6.4 Multiple Louver—Window assemblies with a combina-
whether or not entry can be gained through the window test
tion of operable louvers, operable sash, or fixed panes (lites), or
specimen from the exterior.
any combination thereof, shall be classified and tested sepa-
rately for each type. If multiple louver windows within a
5. Significance and Use
window assembly are identical in construction and locking
5.1 These test methods are intended to establish a measure
condition, only one louver window need be tested. If multiple
of resistance for window assemblies subjected to attacks (other louvers within a louver window are identical in construction
than impacting glazing materials) by unskilled or opportunistic
and locking condition, only one louver need be tested.
burglars. Resistance to higher levels of force generated by
6.5 Test Sequence—Perform the tests for each window test
skilled burglary attack requires methods such as alarms,
specimen in the sequence as outlined in Section 10. The
communication, or apprehension systems, or special security
sequence for testing multiple sash shall be at the discretion of
glazing materials more sophisticated than those evaluated by
the testing agency.
these test methods. Technicians performing the test should
6.6 Loading—Apply test loads and forces at a rate not to
understand the intent of this test method and should be trained
exceed 10 lb/s (45 N/s). Maintain performance loads for a
on the execution and pass/fail criteria.
period of 60 s 6 5 s.
5.2 Entry through a window assembly can be accomplished
by impacting the glazing materials. This method does not 6.7 Load Removal—At the conclusion of each test, remove
all loads before starting the next test.
evaluate glazing materials for breakage. Other standards must
be used to evaluate forced entry by impacting the glazing.
7. Apparatus
5.3 Acceptance criteria for performance levels are a matter
for authorities having specific jurisdiction to establish. Sug-
7.1 Instrumentation—Load and time measuring devices
gested guidelines are found in Annex A1. with an accuracy of 62 % of the full scale shall be incorpo-
rated in the test setups. The scale ranges used shall assure that
6. Test Criteria the performance levels are within an accuracy of 65 %.
6.1 Window Test Specimen—The same window assembly 7.2 Load Attachments—Brackets, fasteners, or other devices
shall be used for all testing and shall contain sash or louvers
used in performing these tests shall be designed and attached so
having the greatest height and width for which approval is as to minimize their influence on the test results.
sought. Each unique sash/frame or louver/frame arrangement
7.3 Test Frame—The test fixture shall be designed and
shall be tested.
constructed to accept and rigidly secure the window specimen
6.1.1 The construction of the window test specimen, includ-
and to provide rigid points of anchor for all test loads described
ing all hardware, components, and arrangement of sash or
in Section 10. The load bearing members of the test fixture
louvers shall be representative of that for which acceptance is
shall be constructed to limit deflection of such members to a
desired.
maximum of ⁄8 in. (3 mm) under full-prescribed load.
6.1.2 The window test specimen shall consist of the entire
7.4 Tools for Disassembly—The following tools shall be
assembled unit, including frame, glazing, and anchorage as
used for disassembly of the test specimen:
supplied by the manufacturer for installation in the building.
6.1.3 Unless otherwise specified, the window test specimen 7.4.1 A spatula, putty knife or other non-cutting tool with a
thin blade, 24 gauge stainless steel 0.024 in. 6 0.004 in.
shall contain annealed glass for testing and shall be single
(0.6 mm 6 0.1 mm) thick, 0.78 in. 6 0.08 in. (20 mm 6
glazed if designed for either single or double glazing, or double
2 mm) wide, and 3.5 in. 6 0.4 in. (90 mm 6 10 mm) long. The
glazed if designed exclusively for multiple glazing. Products
bottom may be wrapped for safety provided the 3.5 in. 6
tested with glazing materials other than annealed glass shall be
0.4 in. (90 mm 6 10 mm) length remains exposed.
used to qualify only the specific glazing material tested.
6.1.4 Windows tested with more than one locking device 7.4.2 Any non-powered, straight, or Phillips head screw-
shall not qualify windows with fewer locking devices, regard- driver appropriate to the mechanical fastener with a maximum
less of size. length of 6 in. (150 mm).
F588 − 17 (2023)
7.4.3 Standard slot-type pliers with a 6 in. to 7 in. (150 mm manipulation test and the sash manipulation test defined in
to 175 mm) overall length. Annex A2, A2.3, and A2.4.
7.5 Tools for Hardware Manipulation—The following tools
10.3 Type B Window Assembly:
shall be used for manipulation of the locks of the test specimen:
10.3.1 Perform the disassembly test defined in Annex A2,
7.5.1 A spatula, putty knife, or other non-cutting tool with a
A2.2. Following the completion of the disassembly test per-
thin blade, 24 gauge stainless steel 0.24 in. 6 0.004 in. form tests B1 through B3 as defined in Annex A2 for the
(0.6 mm 6 0.1 mm) thick, 0.78 in. 6 0.08 in. (20 mm 6
performance grade desired using the loads and times indicated
2 mm) wide, and 3.5 in. 6 0.4 in. (90 mm 6 10 mm) long. The in Table A1.1 in Annex A1. See 6.6 for load application details.
bottom may be wrapped for safety provided the 3.5 in. 6
At the completion of tests B1 through B3 perform the hardware
0.4 in. (90 mm 6 10 mm) length remains exposed. manipulation test and the sash manipulation test defined in
7.5.2 A piece of black annealed 16 gauge straight wire at
Annex A2, A2.3, and A2.4.
least long enough to reach from the point of insertion to the
10.4 Type C Window Assembly:
locking device(s). The properties of black annealed 16 gauge
10.4.1 Perform the disassembly test defined in Annex A2,
wire are described in Machinery’s Handbook, 22nd Edition.
A2.2. Following the completion of the disassembly test per-
16 gauge wire refers to a wire diameter of 0.0625 in (1.6 mm).
form tests C1 through C5 as defined in Annex A2 for the
performance grade desired using the loads and times indicated
8. Hazards
in Table A1.1 in Annex A1. See 6.6 for load application details.
8.1 Glass breakage may occur during the application of
At the completion of tests C1 through C5 perform the hardware
loads or forces required by these test methods. Take adequate
manipulation test and the sash manipulation test defined in
precautions to protect personnel from broken glass.
Annex A2, A2.3, and A2.4.
8.2 Locking devices, glass, and other window test specimen
10.5 Type D Window Assembly:
components may suddenly fail when loads and forces are
10.5.1 Perform the disassembly test defined in Annex A2,
applied during these test methods, causing sash to open rapidly.
A2.2.
Take adequate precautions to protect personnel from rapidly
10.5.2 If a locking device is present anywhere on the
moving weights and window test specimen components.
window test specimen, perform the Hardware Manipulation
Test and the Sash Manipulation Test defined in Annex A2,
9. Preparation
sections A2.3 and A2.4 and attempt to remove the glazed panel
within a time limit of (T1).
9.1 Mount the window test specimen into a nominal 2 in. by
10.5.3 If a locking device is not present anywhere on the
4 in. or 2 in. by 6 in. (40 mm by 100 mm or 40 mm by
window test specimen, perform the sash manipulation test
150 mm) lumber surround fixture, in accordance with the
defined in Annex A2, A2.4, from the outside between the
manufacturer’s written installation instructions.
glazed panel and the remainder of the window test specimen,
9.2 Install the window test specimen into the test fixture.
attempt to gain entry by attempting to open the glazed panel by
9.3 Close and lock the window test specimen. Submit each
hand and manipulating it with these tools, in any combination.
operable unit to five cycles of opening, closing, and locking
Conduct this test continuously for a time limit of (T1).
prior to testing.
10.6 Type E Window Assembly:
10.6.1 Perform the disassembly test defined in Annex A2
10. Procedure
and A2.2. Following the completion of the disassembly test
10.1 The disassembly test, hardware manipulation test, sash
perform tests E1 through E5 as defined in Annex A2 for the
manipulation test, and louver manipulation test referenced in
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