ASTM F588-17(2023)

Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Window Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to establish a measure of resistance for window assemblies subjected to attacks (other than impacting glazing materials) by unskilled or opportunistic burglars. Resistance to higher levels of force generated by skilled burglary attack requires methods such as alarms, communication, or apprehension systems, or special security glazing materials more sophisticated than those evaluated by these test methods. Technicians performing the test should understand the intent of this test method and should be trained on the execution and pass/fail criteria.  
5.2 Entry through a window assembly can be accomplished by impacting the glazing materials. This method does not evaluate glazing materials for breakage. Other standards must be used to evaluate forced entry by impacting the glazing.  
5.3 Acceptance criteria for performance levels are a matter for authorities having specific jurisdiction to establish. Suggested guidelines are found in Annex A1.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the ability of window assemblies of various types to restrain, delay, or frustrate forced entry.  
1.2 For purposes of these test methods, window assemblies are defined as described in 1.2.1 – 1.2.5 and as shown in Fig. 1. Window assemblies with a combination of operable sash and fixed panes (lites) shall be classified and tested separately for each type.
FIG. 1 Typical Window Types (viewed from the exterior)  
1.2.1 Type A—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that open by sliding, either vertically or horizontally within the plane of the wall.  
1.2.2 Type B—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that are hinged at or near two corners of the sash and that open toward the exterior (outswinging) or toward the interior (inswinging).  
1.2.3 Type C—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that are pivoted so that part of the sash opens toward the interior and part of it opens toward the exterior.  
1.2.4 Type D—A window assembly which incorporates one or more fixed panes (lites) or stationary sash that are designed not to open.  
1.2.5 Type E—A window assembly which incorporates a series of overlapping horizontal louvers that are pivoted simultaneously by a common actuator so that the bottom edge of each louver swings outward and the top edge swings inward during operation.
Note 1: See Fig. 1 for graphic depiction of window assembly types.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2023
• ICS: 13.310 - Protection against crime
• ICS: 91.060.50 - Doors and windows
• Technical Committee: E06 - Performance of Buildings
• Drafting Committee: E06.51 - Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E699-16 - Standard Specification for Agencies Involved in Testing, Quality Assurance, and Evaluating of Manufactured Building Components
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2016
• Refers: ASTM E631-15 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Refers: ASTM E631-14 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2014
• Refers: ASTM E699-09 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Agencies Involved in Testing, Quality Assurance, and Evaluating of Building Components
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2009
• Refers: ASTM E699-03(2008) - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Agencies Involved in Testing, Quality Assurance, and Evaluating of Building Components
• Effective Date: 01-May-2008
• Refers: ASTM E631-06 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2006
• Refers: ASTM E699-03 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Agencies Involved in Testing, Quality Assurance, and Evaluating of Building Components
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Refers: ASTM E631-93a(1998)e1 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 28-Jul-2000
• Refers: ASTM E699-99 - Standard Criteria for Evaluation of Agencies Involved in Testing, Quality Assurance, and Evaluating Building Components in Accordance with Test Methods Promulgated by ASTM Committee E-6
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999

Overview

ASTM F588-17(2023) provides a comprehensive set of test methods for evaluating the forced entry resistance of window assemblies, excluding the impact resistance of glazing materials. Developed by ASTM International, this standard is designed to assess how effectively various window types can deter, delay, or prevent forced entry attempts, particularly targeting opportunistic or unskilled intrusion methods. The primary focus is on mechanical attacks using simple tools rather than on breaking or impacting the glass itself. The procedures aim to help manufacturers, regulatory authorities, and building professionals clearly understand and specify resistance performance criteria for windows in residential, commercial, and institutional settings.

Key Topics

• Scope of Testing: The standard covers a wide range of window assemblies, including:

  • Type A: Sliding sash windows (vertically or horizontally operable)
  • Type B: Hinged sash windows (inswinging or outswinging)
  • Type C: Pivoted sash windows
  • Type D: Fixed pane windows
  • Type E: Louvered windows with horizontal, pivoting slats

• Forced Entry Resistance: The test methods are designed to simulate real-world forced entry attempts using readily available tools and unskilled force. The focus is on measuring the window's ability to withstand manipulation, removal, and prying attempts on sashes, locks, and louvers-excluding scenarios involving intentional glazing breakage.

• Testing Protocols:

  • Use of various physical loads and manipulation techniques
  • Sequences tailored for each window type
  • Objective pass/fail criteria based on whether entry is achieved during testing
  • Use of standard tools for forced entry simulation

• Performance Evaluation: The standard establishes suggested guidelines for performance levels and test loads (see Annex A1), but final acceptance criteria can be set by the authority having jurisdiction or specified per project requirements.

• Exclusions: Glazing impact resistance is not within the scope of this standard. Specialized glazing materials and separate standards should be used for evaluating glass breakage resistance.

Applications

ASTM F588 is particularly valuable for:

• Window Manufacturers: Provides a benchmark for designing and marketing windows as compliant with recognized forced entry resistance criteria.
• Security Assessments: Used by building owners, security consultants, and specifiers to select products meeting their desired level of security performance.
• Building Codes and Regulations: Informs code officials and regulatory agencies on methods to verify compliance with security requirements for windows.
• Laboratory Testing: Standardizes how windows are tested, ensuring consistency and repeatability across different laboratories and technicians.
• Product Certification: Supports certification programs and quality assurance processes for window assemblies emphasizing forced entry resistance.

Related Standards

For complete security performance evaluation of windows and related products, the following standards are also relevant:

• ASTM E631: Terminology of Building Constructions
• ASTM E699: Specification for Agencies Involved in Testing, Quality Assurance, and Evaluation of Manufactured Building Components
• AAMA 1302.5: Voluntary Specifications for Forced Entry Resistant Aluminum Prime Windows (superseded by F588 for most applications)
• CAWM 301-90: Forced Entry Resistance Tests for Windows

Additional standards may cover glazing impact, alarm integration, or specialized high-security glazing requirements.

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By adhering to ASTM F588-17(2023), stakeholders in the fenestration industry can ensure that window assemblies meet verifiable forced entry resistance requirements, supporting safer and more secure building environments. This standard is a crucial tool for anyone involved in specifying, manufacturing, or certifying window products for forced entry resistance.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F588 − 17 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Methods for
Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Window
Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F588; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.1 These test methods cover the ability of window assem-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
blies of various types to restrain, delay, or frustrate forced
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
entry.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 For purposes of these test methods, window assemblies
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
are defined as described in 1.2.1 – 1.2.5 and as shown in Fig.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1. Window assemblies with a combination of operable sash and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
fixed panes (lites) shall be classified and tested separately for
each type.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.1 Type A—A window assembly which incorporates one
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or more sash that open by sliding, either vertically or horizon-
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
tally within the plane of the wall.
E699 Specification for Agencies Involved in Testing, Quality
1.2.2 Type B—A window assembly which incorporates one
Assurance, and Evaluating of Manufactured Building
or more sash that are hinged at or near two corners of the sash
Components
and that open toward the exterior (outswinging) or toward the
2.2 AAMA Standard:
interior (inswinging).
AAMA 1302.5-76 Voluntary Specifications for Forced Entry
1.2.3 Type C—A window assembly which incorporates one
Resistant Aluminum Prime Windows
or more sash that are pivoted so that part of the sash opens
2.3 CAWM Standards:
toward the interior and part of it opens toward the exterior.
CAWM 301-90 Forced Entry Resistance Tests for Windows
1.2.4 Type D—A window assembly which incorporates one
CMBSO 1-79 California Model Building Security Ordi-
or more fixed panes (lites) or stationary sash that are designed
nance
not to open.
1.2.5 Type E—A window assembly which incorporates a
3. Terminology
series of overlapping horizontal louvers that are pivoted
3.1 Definitions—Definitions for standard terminology can
simultaneously by a common actuator so that the bottom edge
be found in Terminology E631.
of each louver swings outward and the top edge swings inward
during operation.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 locking device(s) (lock), n—one or more components
NOTE 1—See Fig. 1 for graphic depiction of window assembly types.
of a window assembly intended to resist the opening of
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
movable sash or louvers from the exterior.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2.2 louver, n—a glazing component of a louver window.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
3.2.3 louver holder, n—a component of a louver window
that holds the louvers at each end and transfers the pivoting and
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
locking forces from the actuating mechanism(s) to the louvers.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally Available from American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA),
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F588 – 17. DOI: 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4268, http://
10.1520/F0588-17R23. www.aamanet.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F588 − 17 (2023)
FIG. 1 Typical Window Types (viewed from the exterior)
F588 − 17 (2023)
3.2.4 sash operator, n—a component of the window assem- 6.2 Performance Criteria—The performance level is at-
bly that is used to move, pivot, or adjust the position of a tained if all locking devices remain engaged and entry cannot
movable sash within the window frame. (The sash operator in be gained during the test or upon removal of loads. If any
some window assemblies is also a locking device.) component during testing, allowing entry, this shall be consid-
ered as failure to attain the performance level. Glazing which
4. Summary of Test Method breaks, but does not allow entry, shall not be considered a
failure to attain the performance level.
4.1 The procedure consists of mounting a specimen into a
test assembly fixture which in turn is mounted to a wall support 6.3 Multiple Sash—Window assemblies with a combination
fixture, and, after removing all exterior fasteners and loose of operable sash and fixed panes (lites) shall be classified and
component items, specified loads and forces are applied to the tested separately for each type. If multiple sash within a
window test specimen in a prescribed sequence. Following
window assembly are identical in construction and locking
removal of all loads, a determination is made by the laboratory condition, only one sash need be tested.
technician, as defined by Section 9 of Specification E699,
6.4 Multiple Louver—Window assemblies with a combina-
whether or not entry can be gained through the window test
tion of operable louvers, operable sash, or fixed panes (lites), or
specimen from the exterior.
any combination thereof, shall be classified and tested sepa-
rately for each type. If multiple louver windows within a
5. Significance and Use
window assembly are identical in construction and locking
5.1 These test methods are intended to establish a measure
condition, only one louver window need be tested. If multiple
of resistance for window assemblies subjected to attacks (other louvers within a louver window are identical in construction
than impacting glazing materials) by unskilled or opportunistic
and locking condition, only one louver need be tested.
burglars. Resistance to higher levels of force generated by
6.5 Test Sequence—Perform the tests for each window test
skilled burglary attack requires methods such as alarms,
specimen in the sequence as outlined in Section 10. The
communication, or apprehension systems, or special security
sequence for testing multiple sash shall be at the discretion of
glazing materials more sophisticated than those evaluated by
the testing agency.
these test methods. Technicians performing the test should
6.6 Loading—Apply test loads and forces at a rate not to
understand the intent of this test method and should be trained
exceed 10 lb/s (45 N/s). Maintain performance loads for a
on the execution and pass/fail criteria.
period of 60 s 6 5 s.
5.2 Entry through a window assembly can be accomplished
by impacting the glazing materials. This method does not 6.7 Load Removal—At the conclusion of each test, remove
all loads before starting the next test.
evaluate glazing materials for breakage. Other standards must
be used to evaluate forced entry by impacting the glazing.
7. Apparatus
5.3 Acceptance criteria for performance levels are a matter
for authorities having specific jurisdiction to establish. Sug-
7.1 Instrumentation—Load and time measuring devices
gested guidelines are found in Annex A1. with an accuracy of 62 % of the full scale shall be incorpo-
rated in the test setups. The scale ranges used shall assure that
6. Test Criteria the performance levels are within an accuracy of 65 %.
6.1 Window Test Specimen—The same window assembly 7.2 Load Attachments—Brackets, fasteners, or other devices
shall be used for all testing and shall contain sash or louvers
used in performing these tests shall be designed and attached so
having the greatest height and width for which approval is as to minimize their influence on the test results.
sought. Each unique sash/frame or louver/frame arrangement
7.3 Test Frame—The test fixture shall be designed and
shall be tested.
constructed to accept and rigidly secure the window specimen
6.1.1 The construction of the window test specimen, includ-
and to provide rigid points of anchor for all test loads described
ing all hardware, components, and arrangement of sash or
in Section 10. The load bearing members of the test fixture
louvers shall be representative of that for which acceptance is
shall be constructed to limit deflection of such members to a
desired.
maximum of ⁄8 in. (3 mm) under full-prescribed load.
6.1.2 The window test specimen shall consist of the entire
7.4 Tools for Disassembly—The following tools shall be
assembled unit, including frame, glazing, and anchorage as
used for disassembly of the test specimen:
supplied by the manufacturer for installation in the building.
6.1.3 Unless otherwise specified, the window test specimen 7.4.1 A spatula, putty knife or other non-cutting tool with a
thin blade, 24 gauge stainless steel 0.024 in. 6 0.004 in.
shall contain annealed glass for testing and shall be single
(0.6 mm 6 0.1 mm) thick, 0.78 in. 6 0.08 in. (20 mm 6
glazed if designed for either single or double glazing, or double
2 mm) wide, and 3.5 in. 6 0.4 in. (90 mm 6 10 mm) long. The
glazed if designed exclusively for multiple glazing. Products
bottom may be wrapped for safety provided the 3.5 in. 6
tested with glazing materials other than annealed glass shall be
0.4 in. (90 mm 6 10 mm) length remains exposed.
used to qualify only the specific glazing material tested.
6.1.4 Windows tested with more than one locking device 7.4.2 Any non-powered, straight, or Phillips head screw-
shall not qualify windows with fewer locking devices, regard- driver appropriate to the mechanical fastener with a maximum
less of size. length of 6 in. (150 mm).
F588 − 17 (2023)
7.4.3 Standard slot-type pliers with a 6 in. to 7 in. (150 mm manipulation test and the sash manipulation test defined in
to 175 mm) overall length. Annex A2, A2.3, and A2.4.
7.5 Tools for Hardware Manipulation—The following tools
10.3 Type B Window Assembly:
shall be used for manipulation of the locks of the test specimen:
10.3.1 Perform the disassembly test defined in Annex A2,
7.5.1 A spatula, putty knife, or other non-cutting tool with a
A2.2. Following the completion of the disassembly test per-
thin blade, 24 gauge stainless steel 0.24 in. 6 0.004 in. form tests B1 through B3 as defined in Annex A2 for the
(0.6 mm 6 0.1 mm) thick, 0.78 in. 6 0.08 in. (20 mm 6
performance grade desired using the loads and times indicated
2 mm) wide, and 3.5 in. 6 0.4 in. (90 mm 6 10 mm) long. The in Table A1.1 in Annex A1. See 6.6 for load application details.
bottom may be wrapped for safety provided the 3.5 in. 6
At the completion of tests B1 through B3 perform the hardware
0.4 in. (90 mm 6 10 mm) length remains exposed. manipulation test and the sash manipulation test defined in
7.5.2 A piece of black annealed 16 gauge straight wire at
Annex A2, A2.3, and A2.4.
least long enough to reach from the point of insertion to the
10.4 Type C Window Assembly:
locking device(s). The properties of black annealed 16 gauge
10.4.1 Perform the disassembly test defined in Annex A2,
wire are described in Machinery’s Handbook, 22nd Edition.
A2.2. Following the completion of the disassembly test per-
16 gauge wire refers to a wire diameter of 0.0625 in (1.6 mm).
form tests C1 through C5 as defined in Annex A2 for the
performance grade desired using the loads and times indicated
8. Hazards
in Table A1.1 in Annex A1. See 6.6 for load application details.
8.1 Glass breakage may occur during the application of
At the completion of tests C1 through C5 perform the hardware
loads or forces required by these test methods. Take adequate
manipulation test and the sash manipulation test defined in
precautions to protect personnel from broken glass.
Annex A2, A2.3, and A2.4.
8.2 Locking devices, glass, and other window test specimen
10.5 Type D Window Assembly:
components may suddenly fail when loads and forces are
10.5.1 Perform the disassembly test defined in Annex A2,
applied during these test methods, causing sash to open rapidly.
A2.2.
Take adequate precautions to protect personnel from rapidly
10.5.2 If a locking device is present anywhere on the
moving weights and window test specimen components.
window test specimen, perform the Hardware Manipulation
Test and the Sash Manipulation Test defined in Annex A2,
9. Preparation
sections A2.3 and A2.4 and attempt to remove the glazed panel
within a time limit of (T1).
9.1 Mount the window test specimen into a nominal 2 in. by
10.5.3 If a locking device is not present anywhere on the
4 in. or 2 in. by 6 in. (40 mm by 100 mm or 40 mm by
window test specimen, perform the sash manipulation test
150 mm) lumber surround fixture, in accordance with the
defined in Annex A2, A2.4, from the outside between the
manufacturer’s written installation instructions.
glazed panel and the remainder of the window test specimen,
9.2 Install the window test specimen into the test fixture.
attempt to gain entry by attempting to open the glazed panel by
9.3 Close and lock the window test specimen. Submit each
hand and manipulating it with these tools, in any combination.
operable unit to five cycles of opening, closing, and locking
Conduct this test continuously for a time limit of (T1).
prior to testing.
10.6 Type E Window Assembly:
10.6.1 Perform the disassembly test defined in Annex A2
10. Procedure
and A2.2. Following the completion of the disassembly test
10.1 The disassembly test, hardware manipulation test, sash
perform tests E1 through E5 as defined in Annex A2 for the
manipulation test, and louver manipulation test referenced in
performance grade desired using the loads and times indicated
the following parts of Section 10 are fully described in Annex
in Table A1.1 in Annex A1. See 6.6 for load application details.
A2.
At the completion of the tests E1 through E5 perform the
10.2 Type A Window Assembly: hardware manipulation test and the louver manipulation test
defined in Annex A2, A2.3, A2.5.
10.2.1 Perform the disassembly test defined in Annex A2,
A2.2. Following the completion of the disassembly test per-
11. Report
form tests A1 through A7 as defined in Annex A2 for the
performance grade desired using the loads and times indicated
11.1 The report shall contain a description of the results of
in Table A1.1 in Annex A1. See 6.6 for load application details.
the test(s) performed in accordance with these test methods.
At the completion of tests A1 through A7 perform the hardware
11.2 The report shall also include at least the following:
11.2.1 Identification of the window test specimen;
11.2.2 Type, size, location, and number of locking devices
Available from Industrial Press, Inc., 32 Haviland Street, Suite 3, South
and other hardware;
Norwalk, CT 06854.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time 11.2.3 Type, location, and number of installation fasteners;
is McMaster-Carr, P.O. Box 740100 Atlanta, GA 30374-0100. If you are aware of
11.2.4 Type and thickness of glazing material;
alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International
11.2.5 Bill of materials;
Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. 11.2.6 Assembly drawings;
F588 − 17 (2023)
11.2.7 Performance level, loads, and times (L1, L2, L3, T1) 12. Precision and Bias
used;
12.1 These test methods do not generate numerical values.
11.2.8 A statement as to whether the window specimen
They establish a pass/fail condition which cannot generate
complies or not, and the grade at which it complies;
numerical values for precision and bias.
11.2.9 A description of the method of installation or instal-
13. Keywords
lation fastening; and
13.1 fenestration; forced entry resistance; laboratory
11.2.10 A description of the test equipment used.
method; windows
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. SUGGESTED MEASURED PERFORMANCE
A
TABLE A1.1 Suggested Measured Performance
Identifications Grade 10 Grade 20 Grade 30 Grade 40
T1 5 min 5 min 10 min 10 min
L1 150 lbf (667 N) 200 lbf (890 N) 250 lbf (1112 N) 300 lbf (1334 N)
L2 75 lbf (333 N) 100 lbf (445 N) 125 lbf (556 N) 150 lbf (667 N)
L3 25 lbf (111 N) 35 lbf (155 N) 50 lbf (222 N) 60 lbf (267 N)
A
It is suggested that Table A1.1 be used with the understanding that four levels of load identification are established with load identification 40 being the highest and 10
being the lowest. Use of load identifications should be selected in accordance with security objectives desired. See 6.6 for load application details.
the required loads not exceed ⁄2 in. (12 mm). The CAWM test was very
NOTE A1.1—Historically there have been two other standards for the
similar to the ASTM Test Method except that for a Grade 10 measured
evaluation of forced entry resistance of window assemblies. They are
performance, the required load L1 was increased to 200 lbf (890 N). Those
AAMA 1302.5-76 and CAWM 301-90. The significant differences are that
wishing to achieve compliance to these obsolete standards for code
the AAMA standard did not include the hardware manipulation test and
purposes may test to this standard with the noted deviations. See
did require that the separation of sash and frame during the application of
Appendix X1 for further historical information.
A2. TESTS
A2.1 The following tests shall be performed by laboratory time limit of (T1). Manipulation of the locking devices shall be
personnel only, as defined in Part A of Specification E699. done in a manner that will not cause collateral damage to the
specimen.
A2.2 Disassembly Test
A2.4 Sash Manipulation Test
A2.2.1 Remove from the window test specimen all screws,
A2.4.1 While attempting to open the window, lift, push,
glazing beads, and any other members or other mechanical
pull, or otherwise manipulate by hand from the exterior all
fasteners that can be removed readily from the exterior within
panels to the full confines of the frame. This test shall be
a time limit of 5 min using the tools stipulated in 7.4. Removal
conducted continuously for a time limit of (T1).
of the indicated parts shall be done carefully so as not to cause
collateral damage to the specimen.
A2.5 Louver Manipulation Test
A2.3 Lock Hardware Manipulation Test
A2.5.1 While attempting to open the window, lift, push,
pull, or otherwise manipulate by hand from the exterior all
A2.3.1 Examine the window test specimen and determine a
louver panels to the full confines of the frame. The test shall be
method of inserting the tools in 7.5 from the outside so as to
conducted continuously for a time limit of (T1).
contact the locking device(s). Using one technician only,
attempt to gain entry by manipulating the locking device(s)
A2.6 Type A Window Assembly Tests
with these tools in any combination without intentionally
removing material from the panel or frame to facilitate access A2.6.1 Perform the disassembly test defined in Annex A2,
to the locking devices. Conduct this test continuously for a section A2.2.
F588 − 17 (2023)
A2.6.2 Test A1—With the sliding sash in the test position, a
concentrated load (L1) shall be applied separately, from the
exterior, to each member incorporating a locking device, at a
point on the sash member within 3 in. (75 mm) o
...