ASTM D5431-93

Standard Performance Specification for Woven and Knitted Sheeting Products for Institutional and Household Use

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the evaluation of specific performance characteristics of importance in woven and knit flat, fitted, and waterbed sheet products for use in institutional and household environments.
1.2 This specification may be used by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier to establish purchasing specification requirements.
1.3 The requirements in Table 1 apply to the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.
1.4 This specification is not applicable to woven and knit products used for sheet blankets or to woven and knitted sheet products used for apparel.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2000
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.63 - Home Furnishings

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D5431-93(2001)e1 - Standard Performance Specification for Woven and Knitted Sheeting Products for Institutional and Household Use
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7023-06(2018) - Standard Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5431 – 93
Standard Performance Specification for
Woven and Knitted Sheeting Products for Institutional and
Household Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5431; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Pilling Tester Method
D 3786 Test Method for Hydraulic Bursting Strength of
1.1 This specification covers the evaluation of specific
Knitted Goods and Nonwoven Fabrics—Diaphragm
performance characteristics of importance in woven and knit
Bursting Strength Tester Method
flat, fitted, and waterbed sheet products for use in institutional
D 3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Knitted
and household environments.
Goods Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
1.2 This specification may be used by mutual agreement
D 3882 Test Method for Bow and Skewness in Woven and
between the purchaser and the supplier to establish purchasing
Knitted Fabrics
specification requirements.
D 3938 Guide for Evaluation of Textile Products in Relation
1.3 The requirements in Table 1 apply to the length and
to Refurbishing Described on Care Labels
width directions for those properties where fabric direction is
D 5034 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
pertinent.
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
1.4 This specification is not applicable to woven and knit
2.2 AATCC Methods:
products used for sheet blankets or to woven and knitted sheet
8 Colorfastness to Crocking: AATCC Crockmeter Method
products used for apparel.
15 Colorfastness to Perspiration
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
16A Colorfastness to Light: Carbon-Arc Lamp, Continuous
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Light
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
16E Colorfastness to Light: Water-Cooled Xenon-Arc
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Lamp, Continuous Light
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
61 Colorfastness to Laundering, Home, and Commercial:
2. Referenced Documents
Accelerated
88B Appearance of Seams in Durable Press Items After
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Repeated Home Launderings
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
96 Dimensional Changes in Commercial Laundering of
D 629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
Woven and Knitted Fabrics Except Wool
D 1230 Test Method for Flammability of Textiles
116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical Crockmeter
D 1424 Test Method for Tear Resistance of Woven Fabrics
Method
by Falling Pendulum (Elmendorf) Apparatus
124 Appearance of Fabrics After Repeated Home Launder-
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
ing
D 2262 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Woven Fabrics
135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering
by the Tongue (Single Rip) Method (Constant-Rate-of-
of Woven and Knit Fabrics
Traverse Tensile Testing Machine)
143 Appearance of Apparel and Other Textile End Products
D 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens
After Repeated Home Launderings
for Textiles
Evaluation Procedure 1 Gray Scale for Color Change
D 3136 Terminology for Permanent Care Labels for Con-
Evaluation Procedure 2 Gray Scale for Staining
sumer Textile and Leather Products Other than Carpets and
Evaluation Procedure 3 AATCC Chromatic Transference
Upholstery
Scale
D 3512 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-
lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble
NOTE 1—Reference to test methods in this specification give only the
pertinent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other test methods.
The current edition of each test method shall prevail.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on Home
Furnishings.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1993. Published October 1993. 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. 4
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5431
TABLE 1 Specification Requirements
Requirements
Woven
Characteristics
Non-flannel Knitted
Flannel Section
Polyester/Cotton 100 % Cotton Flannel/Non-flannel
Breaking Force 7.1
A
CRT Method Each Direction 222 N (50 lbf) min 178 N (40 lbf) min 156 N (35 lbf) min
A
Bursting Force 222 N (50 lbf) min 7.1.2
A
Tear Resistance, Elmendorf 7.1.3
Each Direction 7 N (1.5 lbf) min 7 N (1.5 lbf) min 7 N (1.5 lbf) min
Pilling 4.0 NA NA 4.0 7.1.4
Dimensional Change: 7.1.5
Durable Press (In Each Direction) 2 % max 3 % max 3.5 % max 4 % max
Nondurable Press (Nonpreshrunk)
Length 8 % max 8 % max 8 % max
Width 6 % max 6 % max 6 % max
Preshrunk (In Each Direction) 2 % max 3 % max 3.5 % max
Laundered Appearance Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable 7.2.1
B
Fabric Appearance SA 3.0 min SA 2.2 min NA SA 3.0 min 7.1.6
Bow and Skewness 3 % max 3 % max 3 % max 3 % max 7.1.7
C
Colorfastness To:
Laundering: 7.1.8.1
D D D D
Alteration in Shade Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min
E E E E
Staining Class 3 min Class 3 min Class 3 min Class 3 min
Crocking: 7.1.8.2
F F F F
Dry Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min
F F F F
Wet Class 3 min Class 3 min Class 3 min Class 3 min
Light (20 AATCC FU), 7.1.8.3
E D D D D
Xenon-Arc Step 4 min Step 4 min Step 4 min Step 4 min
Perspiration 7.1.8.4
D D D D
Alteration In Shade Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min Class 4 min
E E E E
Staining Class 3 min Class 3 min Class 3 min Class 3 min
Flammability Class I Class I Class I Class I 7.1.9
A
There is more than one standard method that can be used to measure breaking force, bursting force, tear resistance, and lightfastness. These methods cannot be used
interchangeably since there may be no overall correlation between them. See Notes 2-5 and Note 8.
B
Recommended requirement for Easy Care Products which must be ironed.
C
Class in colorfastness and 5A rating is based on a numerical scale of 5.0 for negligible color change, color transfer, or wrinkling to 1.0 for very severe color change,
color transfer or wrinkling. The numerical rating in Table 1 or higher is acceptable.
D
AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.
E
AATCC Gray Scale for Staining.
F
AATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.
3. Terminology supplier, woven and knitted products intended for this end use
should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this
3.1 Definitions:
specification.
3.1.1 fitted sheet, n—in textiles, a product usually made
4.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthet-
with boxed corners, sometimes elasticized with shape and size
ics, the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics
to conform to the contours of the mattress and used for
may find acceptable products that do not conform to all of the
covering the mattress on a bed.
requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the
3.1.2 flannel, n—as applied to bed sheeting, a napped fabric
requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual
used in the fabrication of sheeting products.
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
3.1.3 flat sheet, n—in textiles, a flat, hemmed product,
4.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall
usually rectangular, used for covering the mattress on a bed and
specify that: “This product meets ASTM Specification ____
used for sleeping on or under.
except for the following characteristic(s).”
3.1.4 muslin, n—as applied to bed sheeting, a plain weave
2 2
4.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached
fabric with not fewer than 128 yarns/in. (645 mm ).
between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of
3.1.5 percale, n—as applied to bed sheeting, a plain weave
2 2
controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to
fabric with not fewer than 180 yarns/in. (645 mm ).
be used as a guide only. As noted in 4.2, ultimate consumer
3.1.6 sheet, n—in textiles, a large rectangular usually plain
demands dictate varying performance parameters for any
woven fabricated product which is used over a mattress on a
particular product.
bed. The product may be carded or combed yarn in a wide
4.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and
range of constructions.
test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the
3.1.7 For definitions of other textile terms used in this
specified test methods.
specification, refer to the individual ASTM and AATCC test
methods, Terminology D 123 and Terminology D 3136, or
5. Sampling
your dictionary.
5.1 Acceptance Testing Lot—Unless there is prior agree-
4. Significance and Use
ment, consider as a lot for acceptance testing all material of a
4.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the single item as a single shipment.
D 5431
5.2 Lot Samples and Laboratory Samples—For accep
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