ASTM A231/A231M-10

Standard Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Spring Wire

ABSTRACT
This specification covers round chromium-vanadium alloy steel spring wires having properties and quality intended for the manufacture of springs used at moderately elevated temperatures. Wires shall either be in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the purchaser. The steel may either be ingot cast or strand cast, and the finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipe and undue segregation. Specimens shall undergo cast or heat analysis, and shall conform to required chemical compositions for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, and vanadium. Wrap tests shall also be performed wherein mechanical properties shall be assessed for tensile strength requirements. Metallurgical properties, such as the surface condition and decarburization, shall be inspected as well. For all test procedures, one specimen shall be taken for each ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat in a given lot shall be tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers round and shaped chromium-vanadium alloy steel spring wire having properties and quality intended for the manufacture of springs used at moderately elevated temperatures. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the purchaser.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2010
• ICS: 77.140.25 - Spring steels
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.03 - Steel Rod and Wire

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A231/A231M-04 - Standard Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Spring Wire
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Replaced By: ASTM A231/A231M-15 - Standard Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Spring Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Referred By: ASTM A1000/A1000M-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F1508-96(2021) - Standard Specification for Angle Style, Pressure Relief Valves for Steam, Gas, and Liquid Services
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F1370-92(2019)e1 - Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Water Systems, Shipboard
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A231/A231M −10
StandardSpecification for
1
Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Spring Wire
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA231/A231M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* specification. Such requirements may include, but are not
limited to, the following:
1.1 This specification covers round and shaped chromium-
3.1.1 Quantity (mass),
vanadium alloy steel spring wire having properties and quality
3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-vanadium alloy steel
intended for the manufacture of springs used at moderately
wire),
elevatedtemperatures.Thiswireshallbeeitherintheannealed
3.1.3 Wire diameter (Table 1 and Section 8),
and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the
purchaser. 3.1.4 Packaging (Section 14),
3.1.5 Heat analysis report (if requested) (5.2),
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.6 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
tion 13), and
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1.7 ASTM designation and date of issue.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 20000 kg
with the standard.
oil-tempered chromium-vanadium alloy steel wire, size 6.00 mm in
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in
150-kg coils to ASTM A231/A231M dated_______ , or for inch-pound
units, 40000 lb oil-tempered chromium-vanadium alloy steel spring wire,
brackets.
size 0.250 in. in 350-lb coils to ASTM A231/A231M dated_______.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Materials and Manufacture
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 The steel may be made by any commercially accepted
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
steel–making process. The steel may be either ingot cast or
of Steel Products
strand cast.
A700Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth-
ods for Steel Products for Shipment
4.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipe
A751Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
and undue segregation.
cal Analysis of Steel Products
A752SpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforWireRods
5. Chemical Composition
and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel
5.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements of Grade
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
6150 for chemical composition specified in Table 2.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
5.2 Heat Analysis—Each heat of steel shall be analyzed by
3. Ordering Information
the manufacturer to determine the percentage of elements
3.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify prescribed in Table 2. This analysis shall be made from a test
all requirements that are necessary for material under this
specimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat.
When requested, this shall be reported to the purchaser and
shall conform to the requirements of Table 2.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
5.3 Product Analysis—An analysis may be made by the
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
purchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally
The chemical composition thus determined, as to elements
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A231/A231M–04.
required or restricted, shall conform to the product analysis
DOI: 10.1520/A0231_A0231M-10.
2
requirements specified in Table 4 of Specification A752.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Terminology A751 shall be used.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A231/A231M−10
A
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
SI Units Reduction of Areas,
Element Analysis, %
B
Diameter, mm
min, %
MPa, min MPa, max
Carbon 0.48–0.53
C
0.50 2060 2260
Manganese 0.70–0.90
C
0.55 2050 2240
Phosphorus 0.035 max
C
0.60 2030 2220
Sulfur 0.040 max
C
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A231/A231M–04 Designation: A231/A231M – 10
Standard Specification for
1
Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Spring Wire
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA231/A231M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers round and shaped chromium-vanadium alloy steel spring wire having properties and quality
intended for the manufacture of springs used at moderately elevated temperatures. This wire shall be either in the annealed and
cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the purchaser.
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system aremay not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustshall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A752 Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
2.2 ANSI Standard:
B 32.4MPreferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rectangle, and Hexagon Metal Products
2.3 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-163Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Shipment and Storage
2.4 Federal Standard:
4
Fed. Std. No. 123Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
2.5 AIAG Standard:
AIAGB-502.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Application Standard
3. Ordering Information
3.1It3.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material under this
specification. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following:
3.1.1 Quantity (mass),
3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-vanadium alloy steel wire),
3.1.3 Wire diameter (Table 1 and Table 2and Section 8),
3.1.4 Packaging (Section 14),
3.1.5Cast or heat analysis report (if requested) (
3.1.5 Heat analysis report (if requested) (5.2),
3.1.6 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Section 13), and
3.1.7 ASTM designation and date of issue.
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000 kg oil-tempered chromium-vanadium alloy steel wire, size 6.00 mm in 150-kg coils to
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel,Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
Current edition approved Sept.May 1, 2004.2010. Published September 2004.June 2010. Originally approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 20022004 as
A231/A231M–96(2002).A231/A231M – 04. DOI: 10.1520/A0231_A0231M-104.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A231/A231M – 10
A
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements, SI Units
TeSI Unsile Strength, MPas Reduction of Areas,
B
Diameter, mm
min, %
MPa, min MPa, max
C
0.50 2060 2260
C
0.55 2050 2240
C
0.60 2030 2220
C
0.65 2010 2200
C
0.70 2000 2160
C
0.80 1980 2140
C
0.90 1960 2120
C
1.00 1940 2100
C
1.10 1920 2080
C
1.20 1900 2060
C
1.40 1860 2020
C
1.60 1820 1980
C
1.80 1800 1960
C
2.00 1780 1930
C
2.20 1750 1900
2.50 1720 1860 45
2.80 1680 1830 45
3.00 1660 1800 45
3.50 1620 1760 45
4.00 1580 1720 40
4.50 1560 1680 40
5.00 1520 1640 40
5.50 1480 1620 40
6.00 1460 1600 40
6.50 1440 1580 40
7.00 1420 1560 40
8.00 1400 1540 40
9.00 1380 1520 40
10.00 1360 1500 40
11.00 1340 1480 40
12.00 1320 1460 40
B
Diameter, in. Inch-Pound Units Reduction of Area,
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A231/A231M–04 Designation: A231/A231M – 10
Standard Specification for
1
Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Spring Wire
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA231/A231M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers round and shaped chromium-vanadium alloy steel spring wire having properties and quality
intended for the manufacture of springs used at moderately elevated temperatures. This wire shall be either in the annealed and
cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the purchaser.
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system aremay not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustshall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A752 Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
2.2 ANSI Standard:
B 32.4MPreferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rectangle, and Hexagon Metal Products
2.3 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-163Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Shipment and Storage
2.4 Federal Standard:
4
Fed. Std. No. 123Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
2.5 AIAG Standard:
AIAGB-502.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Application Standard
3. Ordering Information
3.1It3.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material under this
specification. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following:
3.1.1 Quantity (mass),
3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-vanadium alloy steel wire),
3.1.3 Wire diameter (Table 1 and Table 2and Section 8),
3.1.4 Packaging (Section 14),
3.1.5Cast or heat analysis report (if requested) (
3.1.5 Heat analysis report (if requested) (5.2),
3.1.6 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Section 13), and
3.1.7 ASTM designation and date of issue.
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000 kg oil-tempered chromium-vanadium alloy steel wire, size 6.00 mm in 150-kg coils to
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel,Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
Current edition approved Sept.May 1, 2004.2010. Published September 2004.June 2010. Originally approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 20022004 as
A231/A231M–96(2002).A231/A231M – 04. DOI: 10.1520/A0231_A0231M-104.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A231/A231M – 10
A
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements, SI Units
TeSI Unsile Strength, MPas Reduction of Areas,
B
Diameter, mm
min, %
MPa, min MPa, max
C
0.50 2060 2260
C
0.55 2050 2240
C
0.60 2030 2220
C
0.65 2010 2200
C
0.70 2000 2160
C
0.80 1980 2140
C
0.90 1960 2120
C
1.00 1940 2100
C
1.10 1920 2080
C
1.20 1900 2060
C
1.40 1860 2020
C
1.60 1820 1980
C
1.80 1800 1960
C
2.00 1780 1930
C
2.20 1750 1900
2.50 1720 1860 45
2.80 1680 1830 45
3.00 1660 1800 45
3.50 1620 1760 45
4.00 1580 1720 40
4.50 1560 1680 40
5.00 1520 1640 40
5.50 1480 1620 40
6.00 1460 1600 40
6.50 1440 1580 40
7.00 1420 1560 40
8.00 1400 1540 40
9.00 1380 1520 40
10.00 1360 1500 40
11.00 1340 1480 40
12.00 1320 1460 40
B
Diameter, in. Inch-Pound Units Reduction of Area,
...