ASTM C1076-09(2022)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Nuclear Grade Hafnium Oxide Pellets
Standard Specification for Nuclear Grade Hafnium Oxide Pellets
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the properties and requirements for pellets of stabilized cubic hafnium oxide used in nuclear reactors. Hafnium oxide should consist of a stabilizing agent, the recommended of which is yttrium oxide, though others such as calcium oxide and magnesium oxide may also be used as agreed upon by the buyer and seller. The material shall meet specified values of the following requirements: physical dimensions; density; mechanical properties; phase stabilization; impurity concentration limits; moisture concentration limit; visual appearance; end and circumferential chips; cracks; and fissures and other defects.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to pellets of stabilized cubic hafnium oxide used in nuclear reactors.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C1076 −09 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Specification for
Nuclear Grade Hafnium Oxide Pellets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1076; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification applies to pellets of stabilized cubic 3.1 Definitions:
hafnium oxide used in nuclear reactors. 3.1.1 Terms shall be defined in accordance with Terminol-
ogy C859 except for the following:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.2 buyer—organization issuing the purchase order.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.3 pellet—fabricated geometric shape of stabilized cubic
only.
hafnium oxide having a chemical composition as described in
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
Section 4.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.4 pellet lot—the pellets produced from one hafnium
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
oxidepowderlotusingonesetofprocessparameters.Pelletlot
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
size shall be agreed upon between the seller and the buyer.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.5 phase transformation—rearrangement of the atomic
ordering of a crystalline lattice as a material is cycled through
2. Referenced Documents
a critical transformation or inversion temperature. The change
from one crystalline phase to another may be accompanied by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a volume change that could lead to cracks or defects in articles
C559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measure-
5,6
fabricated from such materials.
ments of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
3.1.6 powder lot—a specified quantity of hafnium oxide
C1098 Specification for Nuclear-Grade Hafnium Oxide
powder with stabilizing additive, blended together such that
Powder
samples taken in accordance with Section 7 can be considered
E105 Guide for Probability Sampling of Materials
as representative of the entire quantity.
2.2 ANSI Standard: 3.1.7 seller—hafnium oxide pellet supplier.
ANSI/ASME NQA-1 Quality Assurance Requirements for
3.1.8 stabilizing additive—a material which, when present
Nuclear Facility Applications
insufficientconcentrationinthesubjectmaterialexhibitingthe
phase transformation, produces a stabilized crystalline phase
2.3 U.S. Government Document:
that does not undergo a transformation or inversion at any
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 50—Energy
temperature within the expected fabrication or usage regime of
(10CFR 50) Domestic Licensing of Production and Utili-
the manufactured pellet. The potentially deleterious volume
zation Facilities
change is therefore avoided.
4. Chemical Composition
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on
Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.03 on 4.1 The starting hafnium oxide powder shall be in accor-
Neutron Absorber Materials Specifications.
dance with Specification C1098.
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2022.PublishedJuly2022.Originallyapproved
in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1076 – 09 (2015). DOI: 4.2 Astabilizing additive shall be utilized with the hafnium
10.1520/C1076-09R22.
oxide. The recommended stabilizing additive is yttrium oxide
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Sevice at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Curtis, C. E., Doney, L. M., and Johnson, J. R., “Some Properties of
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Hafnium-Oxide, Hafnium-Silicate, Calcium-Hafnate, and Hafnium-Carbide,” Jour-
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. nal of American Ceramics Society, Vol 37, 1954, pp. 458–465.
4 6
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments, Brown, L. M., and Madiyasni, K. S., “Characterization of Alkoxy-Derived
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:// Yttria-Stabilized Hafnia,” Journal of American Ceramics Society, Vol 53, 1970, pp.
www.access.gpo.gov. 590–594.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1076−09 (2022)
(Y O ). The typical concentration range is 7 to 10 weight % 5.2.2 The method of density measurement shall be Test
2 3
Y O in the finished product. References to other stabilizing Method C559 or an alternative method submitted by the seller
2 3
additives (such as calcium oxide (CaO) and magnesium oxide for approval by the buyer. Sampling plans to meet the
(MgO)) may be found in the literature and these additives may acceptance criteria shall be agreed upon between the buyer and
be used if agreed upon by the buyer and seller. It is cautioned, the seller. The method of density measurement and the method
however, that the buyer should be aware of potential destabi- of compliance with 5.2.1 shall be approved by the buyer prior
lization during thermal cycling when MgO or CaO is used. to use.
4.3 Use analytical chemistry methods as agreed upon be-
5.3 Mechanical Properties—Required mechanical proper-
tween the buyer and the seller.
ties and test methods shall be mutually agreed upon between
the buyer and the seller. It is recommended that the plan of
4.4 The hafnium concentration, in grams of hafnium per
mechanical testing to verify pellet integrity include compres-
unit volume or grams of hafnium per unit length, may be
sion testing at 69 MPa (10 000 psi).
specified by the buyer. In specifying the allowable range in
hafnium concentration, the buyer should consider the follow-
5.4 Phase Stabilization—A crushed sample of the fired
ing:
product shall be tested by powder X-ray diffraction. The
4.4.1 Variations in chemical composition,
diffractionpatternmustshowthattherequiredcubiccrystalline
4.4.2 Pellet bulk density,
phase has been developed in the product. The criteria for
4.4.3 Type and concentration of stabilizing additive, and
satisfactory development of the cubic phase shall be mutually
4.4.4 Pellet dimensions and dimensional tolerances.
agreed upon between the buyer and the seller.
4.5 The impurity concentration, excluding zirconia and the
5.5
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