ASTM D3513-96
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Overlength Fiber Content of Man-Made Staple Fiber
Standard Test Method for Overlength Fiber Content of Man-Made Staple Fiber
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percent by number of overlength or multiple length fibers in a sample of man-made cut staple. The method is applicable to fiber taken immediately after manufacturing, from the bale, or from partially processed stock. Note 1-For measurement of length and length distribution of man-made staple fibers, refer to Test Method D5103.
1.2 This test method covers procedures using the Fibrosampler Model 335A (inch-pound units), the Fibrosampler Model 335B (SI units), and Fibrosampler combs Model 336.
1.2.1 The Fibrosampler Model 335A is equipped with a sample plate that has 15.8-mm ( 5/8-in.) diameter sample holes and is recommended for use on blended staple taken from the fiber blender or from a carding machine.
1.2.2 The Fibrosampler Model 335B is equipped with a sample plate that has 10-mm (0.4-in.) diameter sample holes and is recommended for use on unblended staple as may be taken from the fiber cutter or from a bale of staple fiber.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each unit are not exact equivalents; therefore, each unit must be used independently of the other.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 3513 – 96
Standard Test Method for
Overlength Fiber Content of Man-Made Staple Fiber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3513; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percent 3.1 Definitions:
by number of overlength or multiple length fibers in a sample 3.1.1 fiber beard, n—in length testing of fibers, fibers caught
of man-made cut staple. The method is applicable to fiber taken randomly on a comb which are subsequently straightened and
immediately after manufacturing, from the bale, or from parallelized without stretching or damaging.
partially processed stock. 3.1.2 staple, adj and n—natural fibers or cut lengths from
filaments.
NOTE 1—For measurement of length and length distribution of man-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Commercial shipments of staple from
made staple fibers, refer to Test Method D 5103.
man-made fibers should not include cut waste or short fibers of
1.2 This test method covers procedures using the Fibrosam-
variable length made by breaking a tow or top. The term
pler Model 335A (inch-pound units), the Fibrosampler Model
“staple (fiber)” is used in the textile industry to distinguish
335B (SI units), and Fibrosampler combs Model 336.
natural or cut length (fibers) from filaments.
1.2.1 The Fibrosampler Model 335A is equipped with a
3.1.3 staple fibers, overlength, n—man-made staple fibers
sample plate that has 15.8-mm ( ⁄8-in.) diameter sample holes
that are at least 10 % longer than the nominal or average cut
and is recommended for use on blended staple taken from the
length.
fiber blender or from a carding machine.
3.1.4 staple fibers, multiple-length, n—man-made staple
1.2.2 The Fibrosampler Model 335B is equipped with a
fibers that are two or more times the nominal cut fiber length.
sample plate that has 10-mm (0.4-in.) diameter sample holes
3.1.5 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
and is recommended for use on unblended staple as may be
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
taken from the fiber cutter or from a bale of staple fiber.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
4. Summary of Test Method
are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated
4.1 Fibers are caught randomly on a comb to form a fiber
in each unit are not exact equivalents; therefore, each unit must
beard. The probability that a given fiber length group repre-
be used independently of the other.
sented in the original fiber population will appear in the test
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
specimen is proportional to the ratio of the total length of that
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fiber length group to the total fiber length of the original
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sample. The beard is biased in the favor of long fibers.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 The fiber beard is brushed out and laid on a specimen
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
board. The density of the beard of the cut staple tapers to a line
that is parallel to the base of the comb. The overlength fibers
2. Referenced Documents
are observed to extend beyond this line and they can be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
identified easily.
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
4.3 The noticeably longer fibers are pulled from the fiber
D 1447 Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity of
beard, verified for over- or multiple-length and counted. The
Cotton Fibers by Fibrograph Measurement
result is then expressed as the percent overlength and percent
D 3333 Practice for Sampling Man-Made Staple Fibers,
multiple-length fiber in the original population.
Sliver, or Tow for Testing
D 5103 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution of
5. Significance and Use
Man-Made Staple Fibers (Single-Fiber Test)
5.1 The existence of overlength fiber in man-made staple
can cause serious problems in the spinning of these fibers into
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles, yarn. Overlength fibers may create problems in carding, but
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarn and Fiber Test
more especially high-strength multiple cut fibers may cause
Methods.
cockling in spinning.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1996. Published April 1996. Originally
5.2 Since the overlength fibers are caused by dull or
published as D 3513 – 76 T. Last previous edition D 3513 – 90.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
damaged cutting knives or by uneven flow of tow to the staple
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3513
6. Apparatus
6.1 Fibrosampler, Model 335A of 335B (Fig. 1), equipped
with the following:
6.1.1 Combs, Model 336 (Fig. 2).
6.1.2 Spacing Gage.
6.1.3 Specimen Board, board covered with short pile or
plush surface on one side, for displaying the test specimen.
6.1.4 Brush, for brushing the test specimen.
6.1.5 Tweezers, for removing the long fibers from the
specimen board for verification.
NOTE 2—Fibrosampler Model 192, which is used for sampling cotton,
(Method D 1447) has been used successfully with this method, but the
above listed models and combs yield better results because long fibers are
less likely to be pulled from the combs during beard preparation.
6.2 Laboratory Carding Machine or Opener/Blender
Model 338 is needed for use with Fibrosampler Model 335A.
FIG. 1 Fibrosampler
6.3 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing the specimen
to within 0.01 % of its mass.
6.4 Scale, graduated to the nearest 1 mm ( ⁄16-in.).
7. Sampling
7.1 Lot Sampling—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
take at random the number of shipping containers directed in
the applicable material specification or other agreement be-
tween the purchaser and supplier, such as an agreement to use
Practice D 3333 or Practice D 2258. Consider shipping con-
tainers to be the primary sampling units.
NOTE 3—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
purchaser or supplier requires taking into account the variability between
shipping units, between packages, ends or other laboratory sampling unit
within a shipping unit if applicable, and within specimens from a single
package, end or other laboratory sampling unit to provide a sampling plan
with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality
FIG. 2 Fibrosampler Combs
level, and limiting quantity level.
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
cutter, their existence within the fiber population is not uniform
tance testing, take at random from each shipping container in
and their occurrence in the population follows a highly skewed
the lot sample the number of laboratory sampling units as
distribution.
directed in an applicable material specification or other agree-
5.3 Manual methods of determining overlength fiber require
ment between purchaser and supplier such as an agreement to
much more operator time, and the standard deviations of the
use Practice D 3333 or Practice D 2258. Preferably, the same
test between laboratories and operators are high. Use of the
number of laboratory sampling units are taken from each
Fibrosampler method greatly reduces both operator time and
shipping container in the lot sample. If differing numbers of
standard deviation of testing.
laboratory sampling units are to be taken from shipping
5.4 In manufacturing it is important to know if fibers are
containers in the lot sample, determine at random which
overlength due to looping of the tow or multiple length due to
shipping containers are to have each number of laboratory units
damaged cutters.
drawn.
5.5 This method for testing staple fiber for overlength fiber
7.2.1 Take 100-g samples of staple fiber, sliver or top for
is not recommended for acceptance testing (see 13.1).
each laboratory sampling unit.
5.5.1 In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have
7.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sampling unit,
to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials
take one specimen. If the standard deviation determined for the
by the best available method, even though the method has not
laboratory sample is more than a value agreed upon between
been recommended for acceptance testing of commercial
the purchaser and supplier, continue testing one specimen from
shipments. In such a case, if there is a disagreement arising
each unit in the laboratory sample until the standard deviation
from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the
for all specimens tested is not more than the agreed to value or,
supplier when using this method for acceptance testing, the
by agreement, stop testing after a specified number.
statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser
and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with
each comparison being based on testing specimens randomly 4
Available from Special Instruments Laboratory, Inc., 312 W. Vine Ave., P.O.
drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Box 1950, Knoxville, TN. 37901.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3513
8. Preparation of Test Specimens 9. Preparat
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