ASTM D6620-19
(Practice)Standard Practice for Asbestos Detection Limit Based on Counts
Standard Practice for Asbestos Detection Limit Based on Counts
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The DL concept addresses potential measurement interpretation errors. It is used to control the likelihood of reporting a positive finding of asbestos when the measured asbestos level cannot clearly be differentiated from the background contamination level. Specifically, a measurement is reported as being “below the DL” if the measured level is not statistically different than the background level.
4.2 The DL, along with other measurement characteristics such as bias and precision, is used when selecting a measurement method for a particular application. The DL should be established either at the method development stage or prior to a specific application of the method. The method developer subsequently would advertise the method as having a certain DL. An analyst planning to collect and analyze samples would, if alternative measurement methods were available, want to select a measurement method with a DL that was appropriate for the intended application.5 The most important use of the DL, therefore, takes place at the planning stage of a study, before samples are collected and analyzed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice presents the procedure for determining the detection limit (DL)2 for measurements of fibers or structures3 using microscopy methods.
1.2 This practice applies to samples of air that are analyzed either by phase contrast microscopy (PCM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and samples of dust that are analyzed by TEM.
1.3 The microscopy methods entail counting asbestos structures and reporting the results as structures per cubic centimeter of air (str/cc) or fibers per cubic centimeter of air (f/cc) for air samples and structures per square centimeter of surface area (str/cm2) for dust samples.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6620 − 19
Standard Practice for
1
Asbestos Detection Limit Based on Counts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6620; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
4
1.1 This practice presents the procedure for determining the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 3
detection limit (DL) for measurements of fibers or structures D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
using microscopy methods. Atmospheres
D5755TestMethodforMicrovacuumSamplingandIndirect
1.2 This practice applies to samples of air that are analyzed
Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy
either by phase contrast microscopy (PCM) or transmission
for Asbestos Structure Number Surface Loading
electron microscopy (TEM), and samples of dust that are
D6281Test Method forAirborneAsbestos Concentration in
analyzed by TEM.
Ambient and Indoor Atmospheres as Determined by
1.3 The microscopy methods entail counting asbestos struc-
TransmissionElectronMicroscopyDirectTransfer(TEM)
tures and reporting the results as structures per cubic centime-
D6480TestMethodforWipeSamplingofSurfaces,Indirect
ter of air (str/cc) or fibers per cubic centimeter of air (f/cc) for
Preparation, and Analysis for Asbestos Structure Number
airsamplesandstructurespersquarecentimeterofsurfacearea
Surface Loading by Transmission Electron Microscopy
2
(str/cm ) for dust samples.
D7712Terminology for Sampling andAnalysis ofAsbestos
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For terms not defined in this practice, see Terminolo-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
gies D1356 and D7712.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.1 average,n—thesumofasetofmeasurements(counts)
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. divided by the number of measurements in the set.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The average is distinguished from the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- mean. The average is calculated from data and serves as an
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
estimate of the mean. The mean (also referred to as the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- population mean, expected value,or first moment) is a param-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
eter of the underlying statistical distribution of counts.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.2 background, n—a statistical distribution of structures
introducedby(i)analystcountingerrorsand(ii)contamination
on an unused filter or contamination as a consequence of the
1
sample collection and sample preparation steps.
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD22onAirQuality
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.07 on Sampling, Analysis,
3.2.2.1 Discussion—This definition of background is spe-
Management of Asbestos, and Other Microscopic Particles.
cific to this practice. The only counting errors considered in
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019. Published January 2019. Originally
this definition of background are errors that result in an
approvedin2000.Lastpreviouseditionapproved2010asD6620–06(2010).DOI:
10.1520/D6620-19. over-count(thatis,falsepositives).Analystcountingerrorsare
2
TheDLalsoisreferredtointhescientificliteratureaslimitofdetection(LOD),
method detection limit (MDL), and other similar descriptive names.
3 4
For purposes of general exposition, the term “structures” will be used in place For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
of “fibers or structures.” In the examples in Section 8, the specific term, “fiber” or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
“structure,”isusedwhereappropriate.ThesetermsaredefinedseparatelyinSection Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6620 − 19
errors such as, determ
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6620 − 06 (Reapproved 2010) D6620 − 19
Standard Practice for
1
Asbestos Detection Limit Based on Counts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6620; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
2 3
1.1 This practice presents the procedure for determining the detection limit (DL) for measurements of fibers or structures
using microscopy methods.
1.2 This practice applies to samples of air that are analyzed either by phase contrast microscopy (PCM) or transmission electron
microscopy (TEM), and samples of dust that are analyzed by TEM.
1.3 The microscopy methods entail counting asbestos structures and reporting the results as structures per cubic centimeter of
2
air (str/cc) or fibers per cubic centimeter of air (f/cc) for air samples and structures per square centimeter of surface area (str/cm )
for dust samples.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D5755 Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and Indirect Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy for
Asbestos Structure Number Surface Loading
D6281 Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration in Ambient and Indoor Atmospheres as Determined by Transmission
Electron Microscopy Direct Transfer (TEM)
D6480 Test Method for Wipe Sampling of Surfaces, Indirect Preparation, and Analysis for Asbestos Structure Number Surface
Loading by Transmission Electron Microscopy
E456D7712 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statisticsfor Sampling and Analysis of Asbestos
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For terms not defined in this practice, see Terminologies D1356 and D7712.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 average, n—the sum of a set of measurements (counts) divided by the number of measurements in the set.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.07 on Sampling and Analysis of
AsbestosSampling, Analysis, Management of Asbestos, and Other Microscopic Particles.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010Jan. 1, 2019. Published November 2010January 2019. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved 20062010 as
D6620 – 06.D6620 – 06 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/D6620-06R10.10.1520/D6620-19.
2
The DL also is referred to in the scientific literature as Limitlimit of Detection (LOD), Method Detection Limitdetection (LOD), method detection limit (MDL), and other
similar descriptive names.
3
For purposes of general exposition, the term “structures” will be used in place of “fibers or structures.” In the examples in Section 8, the specific term, “fiber” or
“structure,” is used where appropriate. These terms are defined separately in Section 3.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6620 − 19
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
The average is distinguished from the mean. The average is calculated from data and serves as an estimate of the mean. The mean
(also referred to as the population mean, expected value, or first moment) is a parameter of the underlying statistical distribution
of counts.
3.2.2 background, n—a statistical distribution of structures in
...
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