ASTM D8181-19
(Specification)Standard Specification for Microemulsion Blendstock for Preparing Microemulsion Test Fuel Oils
Standard Specification for Microemulsion Blendstock for Preparing Microemulsion Test Fuel Oils
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes an alcohol-carboxylic acid blend, referred to as the microemulsion blendstock.
1.1.1 Warning—The microemulsion blendstock should be stored in facilities and equipment designed for oxygenated and low flashpoint liquids.
1.2 The microemulsion blendstock is to be blended with fuel oils to produce a microemulsion test fuel oil that consists of inverse micelles.
Note 1: While no fuel standard currently exists for a microemulsion test fuel oil, work to develop one is underway.
Note 2: Typical fuel oils that could be used for blending with microemulsion blendstock are fuels that comply with Specifications D975 and D396 and may contain up to 5 % by volume biodiesel.
Note 3: Testing with test fuels containing 10 % microemulsion blendstock using B5 as a base fuel did not show any detrimental changes to specified fuel properties relative to B0 base fuels, but can impair measurement of microemulsion blendstock concentration.
1.2.1 The microemulsion test fuel oil (to be made from this blendstock) is to be used for testing and demonstration purposes only in specific equipment and vehicles that are suited for or have been equipped with safety precautions for use with low flashpoint fuels and oxygenated fuels such as ethanol. Minimum safety precautions may include flame arrestors and grounding straps.
Note 4: The low flash point of this blendstock relative to conventional diesel fuel increases certain hazards during storage and distribution.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations, which may be more restrictive.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D8181 −19
Standard Specification for
Microemulsion Blendstock for Preparing Microemulsion
1
Test Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8181; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This specification describes an alcohol-carboxylic acid
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
blend, referred to as the microemulsion blendstock.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.1.1 Warning—The microemulsion blendstock should be
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
stored in facilities and equipment designed for oxygenated and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
low flashpoint liquids.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 The microemulsion blendstock is to be blended with
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
fuel oils to produce a microemulsion test fuel oil that consists
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
of inverse micelles.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—While no fuel standard currently exists for a microemulsion
2
test fuel oil, work to develop one is underway.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 2—Typical fuel oils that could be used for blending with
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
microemulsion blendstock are fuels that comply with Specifications D975
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
and D396 and may contain up to5%by volume biodiesel.
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
NOTE 3—Testing with test fuels containing 10 % microemulsion
blendstock using B5 as a base fuel did not show any detrimental changes D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
to specified fuel properties relative to B0 base fuels, but can impair
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
measurement of microemulsion blendstock concentration.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
1.2.1 The microemulsion test fuel oil (to be made from this
ity)
blendstock) is to be used for testing and demonstration
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
purposesonlyinspecificequipmentandvehiclesthataresuited
by Potentiometric Titration
for or have been equipped with safety precautions for use with
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of
low flashpoint fuels and oxygenated fuels such as ethanol.
Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
Minimum safety precautions may include flame arrestors and
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
grounding straps.
Indicator Titration
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
NOTE 4—The low flash point of this blendstock relative to conventional
D3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
diesel fuel increases certain hazards during storage and distribution.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
Petroleum Products
of federal, state, or local regulations, which may be more
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
restrictive.
Fuels, and Lubricants
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D4625 Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blend-
ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Engine Fuel
D6584 Test Method for Determination of Total
1
Monoglycerides, Total Diglycerides, Total Triglycerides,
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine
2
Fuels. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published May 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D8181 – 18b. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D8181-19. the A
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8181 − 18b D8181 − 19
Standard Specification for
Microemulsion Blendstock for Preparing Microemulsion
1
Test Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8181; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification describes an alcohol-carboxylic acid blend, referred to as the microemulsion blendstock.
NOTE 1—Microemulsion blendstocks shall not include substances such as raw vegetable oil triglycerides. Refer to Appendix X2.1.2, Composition, for
details.
1.1.1 Warning—The microemulsion blendstock should be stored in facilities and equipment designed for oxygenated and low
flashpoint liquids.
1.2 The microemulsion blendstock is to be blended with fuel oils to produce a microemulsion test fuel oil that consists of inverse
micelles.
NOTE 1—While no fuel standard currently exists for a microemulsion test fuel oil, work to develop one is underway.
NOTE 2—Typical fuel oils that could be used for blending with microemulsion blendstock are fuels that comply with Specifications D975 and D396
and may contain up to 5 % by volume biodiesel.
NOTE 3—Testing with test fuels containing 10 % microemulsion blendstock using B5 as a base fuel did not show any detrimental changes to specified
fuel properties relative to B0 base fuels, but can impair measurement of microemulsion blendstock concentration.
1.2.1 The microemulsion test fuel oil (to be made from this blendstock) is to be used for testing and demonstration purposes
only in specific equipment and vehicles that are suited for or have been equipped with safety precautions for use with low
flashpoint fuels and oxygenated fuels such as ethanol. Minimum safety precautions may include flame arrestors and grounding
straps.
NOTE 4—The low flash point of this blendstock relative to conventional diesel fuel increases certain hazards during storage and distribution.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations, which may be more restrictive.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018May 1, 2019. Published January 2019May 2019. Originally approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as
D8181 – 18a.D8181 – 18b. DOI: 10.1520/D8181-18B.10.1520/D8181-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D8181 − 19
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
D974 Test Metho
...
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