ASTM E645-02

Standard Test Method for Efficacy of Microbicides Used in Cooling Systems

SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for evaluating the efficacy of microbicides (algicides, bactericides, and fungicides) that will be used for controlling microbial growth in cooling water systems. The microbicides will be evaluated using simulated or real cooling tower water against microbes from cooling water, microbiological deposits (biofilms) from operating cooling systems, or microorganisms known to contaminate cooling water systems, or a combination thereof. This test method should be performed by individuals familiar with microbiological techniques.
1.2  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-May-2002
• ICS: 65.100.99 - Other pesticides and agrochemicals
• Technical Committee: E35 - Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents
• Drafting Committee: E35.15 - Antimicrobial Agents

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E645-02a - Standard Test Method for Efficacy of Microbicides Used in Cooling Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: E 645 – 02
Standard Test Method for
1
Efficacy of Microbicides Used in Cooling Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 bactericides, n—an agent that kills bacteria. This term
is applied to chemical agents that kill all bacteria, but not
1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for evaluating the
necessarily bacterial spores.
efficacy of microbicides (algicides, bactericides, and fungi-
3.1.3 biofilm, n—an accumulation of cells immobilized on a
cides) that will be used for controlling microbial growth in
substratum and frequently embedded in an organic polymer
cooling water systems. The microbicides will be evaluated
matrix of microbial origin.
using simulated or real cooling tower water against microbes
3.1.4 cooling system, n—an assemblage of equipment for
from cooling water, microbiological deposits (biofilms) from
the removal of heat from processes or equipment, or both. The
operating cooling systems, or microorganisms known to con-
most common medium used for removal or transfer of heat is
taminate cooling water systems, or a combination thereof. This
water. The heated water then can be discharged into a receiving
test method should be performed by individuals familiar with
body (once through cooling system) or it can be cooled and
microbiological techniques.
reused (recirculating cooling system).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.5 cooling tower, n—a structure used to dissipate heat in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
open recirculating cooling systems.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.6 cooling water, n—medium used to transfer heat in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cooling systems.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.7 fungicides, n—an agent that kills fungi (molds and
2. Referenced Documents yeasts), both fungal vegetative cells and spores. This term is
applied mostly to chemical agents.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.8 microbial biofouling, n—the unwanted accumulation
D 3731 Practices for Measurement of Chlorophyll Content
2
of cells and their products on surfaces. Many times this
of Algae in Surface Waters
accumulation is accompanied by deposition of organic and
D 4412 Test Methods for Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in
3
inorganic material.
Water and Water-Formed Deposits
3.1.9 microbicides, n—an agent that kills microbes: bacte-
E 1054 Practices for Evaluating Inactivators of Antimicro-
rial vegetative cells, fungal vegetative cells and spores, algae,
bial Agents Used in Disinfectants, Sanitizer, Antiseptic, or
2
and protozoa. This term is applied to chemical agents that kill
Preserved Products
microbes.
E 1326 Guide for Evaluating Nonconventional Microbio-
2
logical Tests Used for Enumerating Bacteria
4. Summary of Test Method
E 1427 Guides for Selecting Test Methods to Determine the
4.1 Microbicides are evaluated against microbes under con-
Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Agents and Other Chemi-
ditions simulating a cooling water system. Microbicides at
cals for the Prevention, Inactivation, and Removal of
2
concentrations that are expected to control the microbes are
Biofilm
added to cooling water. At selected time periods, the amount of
3. Terminology microbes in the water are determined and compared to values
at the start of the experiment. Bacteria (aerobic and anaerobic),
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
fungi or algae, or both, may be detected by a number of
3.1.1 algicide, n—a substance that kills algae; unicellular
methods, such as plate counting, Most Probable Number
chlorophyll-containing plants.
(MPN), Adenosine-58-Triphosphate (ATP). The investigator
will determine the minimal microbicide concentration for
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on
efficacy based upon laboratory registration needs.
Pesticides and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E35.15 on Antibacterial
and Antiviral Agents.
5. Significance and Use
Current edition approved May 10, 2002. Published July 2002. Originally
5.1 This test method determines potentially effective micro-
published as E 645 – 78. Last previous edition E 645 – 97.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.05.
bicides for use in cooling water systems using cooling water
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E 645
and deposits/biofilm obtained from the field. The addition of 7. Reagents and Materials
deposits/biofilms addresses the need to include the
...