ASTM D5612-94(1998)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Quality Planning and Field Implementation of a Water Quality Measurement Program
Standard Guide for Quality Planning and Field Implementation of a Water Quality Measurement Program
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers planning and implementation of the sampling aspects of environmental data generation activities. Environmental data generation efforts are comprised of four parts: ( ) establishment of data quality objectives (DQOs); ( ) design of field sampling and measurement strategies and specification of laboratory analyses and data acceptance criteria; ( ) implementation of sampling and analysis strategies; and ( ) data quality assessment.
1.2 This guide defines the criteria that must be considered to ensure the quality of the field aspects of environmental data and sample generation activities.
1.3 DQOs should be adopted prior to the application of this guide. The data generated in accordance with this guide are subject to a final assessment to determine whether the DQOs were met. For example, many screening activities do not require all of the quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) steps found in this guide to generate data adequate to meet the project needs. The extent to which all of the requirements must be met remains a matter of technical judgement as it relates to the established DQOs.
1.4 This guide presents extensive management requirements designed to ensure high-quality samples and data. The words "must," "shall," "may," and "should" have been selected carefully to reflect the importance placed on many of the statements made in this guide.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: D 5612 – 94 (Reapproved 1998)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Guide for
Quality Planning and Field Implementation of a Water
Quality Measurement Program
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5612; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con-
duits
1.1 This guide covers planning and implementation of the
D 3856 Guide for Good Laboratory Practices in Laborato-
sampling aspects of environmental data generation activities.
ries Engaged in Sampling and Analysis of Water
Environmental data generation efforts are comprised of four
D 4210 Practice for Interlaboratory Quality Control Proce-
parts: (1) establishment of data quality objectives (DQOs); ( 2)
dures and a Discussion on Reporting Low-Level Data
design of field sampling and measurement strategies and
D 4447 Guide for the Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals
specification of laboratory analyses and data acceptance crite-
and Samples
ria; (3) implementation of sampling and analysis strategies; and
D 4448 Guide for Sampling Groundwater Monitoring
( 4) data quality assessment.
Wells
1.2 This guide defines the criteria that must be considered to
D 4840 Guide for Sampling Chain-of-Custody Procedures
ensure the quality of the field aspects of environmental data
D 4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
and sample generation activities.
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
1.3 DQOs should be adopted prior to the application of this
D 5172 Guide for Documenting the Standard Operating
guide. The data generated in accordance with this guide are
Procedures Used in a Specific Laboratory
subject to a final assessment to determine whether the DQOs
D5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
were met. For example, many screening activities do not
lated to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assurance
require all of the quality assurance (QA) and quality control
and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
(QC) steps found in this guide to generate data adequate to
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
meet the project needs. The extent to which all of the
Determine Conformance with Specifications
requirements must be met remains a matter of technical
E 178 Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations
judgement as it relates to the established DQOs.
E 1187 Terminology Relating to Laboratory Accredita-tion
1.4 This guide presents extensive management requirements
2.2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Documents:
designed to ensure high-quality samples and data. The words
QAMS-005/80 (NTIS No. PB83170514/LL), Interm Guide-
“must,”“ shall,” “may,” and “should” have been selected
lines and Specifications for Preparing Quality Assurance
carefully to reflect the importance placed on many of the
Project Plans, Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality
statements made in this guide.
Assurance, Dec. 29, 1980
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
QAMS-500/80. Development of Data Quality Objectives,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Description of Stages I and II, July 16, 1986
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
QAMS-004/80 (NTIS No. PB83219667/LL), Guidelines
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and Specifications for Preparing Quality Assurance Pro-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
gram Plans, Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality
2. Referenced Documents Assurance, Sept. 20, 1980
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Terminology
D 596 Practice for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water
2 3.1 Definitions—The terms that are most applicable to this
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
guide have been defined in Terminologies D 1129 and E 1187.
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
2 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Applicable Methods of Committee D-19 on Water
3.2.1 background sample—a sample taken from a location
on or proximate to the site of interest. This sample is taken to
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Water and is
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.02 on General Specifications. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.04.
Technical Resources, and Statistical Methods. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 1994. Published November 1994. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn. NPODS.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5612
document baseline or historical information. 6.3.1 Specific Project Objectives—The objectives of the
3.2.2 collocated samples—independent samples collected field and laboratory work must be defined clearly, define
as close as possible to the same point in space and time and specific objectives for the sampling location, and describe the
intended to be identical. intended uses for the data. The project objective may need to be
3.2.3 data quality objectives (DQOs)— statements on the reviewed as information is gathered. Any changes in the
level of uncertainty that a decision maker is willing to accept project objective affecting field and laboratory activities should
in the results derived from environmental data (see QAMS- be communicated to the field and laboratory personnel.
500/80). 6.3.2 Background Information—Any background informa-
3.2.4 material blank—a sample composed of construction tion that could affect meeting the project objective or DQOs
materials such as those used in well installation. Well devel- should be provided. For example, the identification of any
opment, pump and flow testing, and slurry wall construction. regulatory programs governing data collection and analysis and
Examples of these materials are bentonite, sand, drilling fluids, the reason for conducting the sample collection work should be
and source and purge water. This blank documents the con- included in the background information.
tamination resulting from usage of the construction materials. 6.3.3 Project management shall have individuals designated
3.2.5 quality assurance program plan (QAPP)—an orderly as having responsibility and authority for the following: ( 1)
assemblage of management policies, objectives, principles, and developing project documents that implement the DQOs; ( 2)
general procedures by which an organization involved in selecting field and laboratory organizations to conduct the
environmental data generation activities outlines how it intends work; (3) coordinating communication among the field and
to produce data of known quality. laboratory organizations and government agencies, as required;
3.2.6 quality assurance project plan (QAPjP)—an orderly
and (4) reviewing and assessing the final data.
assemblage of detailed procedures designed to produce data of 6.3.4 Sampling requirements shall be specified, including
sufficient quality to meet the DQOs for a specific data
sampling locations, equipment and procedures, and sample
collection activity. preservation and handling.
6.3.5 Analytical requirements shall be specified, including
4. Summary of Guide
the analytical procedures, analyte list, required detection limits,
4.1 This guide describes the criteria and activities for
and required precision and bias values. Regulatory require-
organizations involved in obtaining water samples and gener-
ments and DQOs shall be considered when developing the
ating field data in terms of human and physical resources and
specifications.
QC procedures and documentation requirements depending on
NOTE 1—The above does not imply that the specified analytical
the DQOs or agreed upon project plan.
requirements can be met.
5. Significance and Use
6.3.6 The QA and QC requirements shall address both field
5.1 Environmental data are often required for making regu-
and laboratory activities. The means for controlling false
latory and programmatic decisions. These data must be of
positives and false negatives shall be specified.
known quality commensurate with their intended use.
6.3.6.1 The types and frequency of field QC samples to be
5.2 Certain minimal criteria must be met by the field
collected, including field blanks, duplicates, and spikes, trip
organizations in order to meet the objectives of the water
blanks, equipment rinsates, background samples, reference
monitoring activities.
materials, material blanks, and split samples, should be speci-
5.3 This guide defines the criteria for organizations taking
fied. Control parameters for field activities shall be described
water samples and generating environmental data and identifies
(see 7.6.3).
other activities that may be required based on the DQOs.
6.3.6.2 The types and frequency of laboratory QC samples,
5.4 This guide emphasizes the importance of communica-
such as laboratory control samples, laboratory blanks, matrix
tion among those involved in establishing the DQOs, planning,
spikes, matrix duplicates, and matrix spike duplicates, shall be
and implementing the sampling and analysis aspects of envi-
specified. Any specific performance criteria shall be specified.
ronmental data generation activities, and assessing data quality.
Data validation criteria shall be defined.
6. Project Specification
6.4 Project Documentation—All documents required for
6.1 Overall Project Objectives—The overall objectives of planning, implementing, and evaluating the data collection
the project must be defined prior to the start of any field and effort shall be specified. These may include, although are not
limited to, a statement of work, technical and cost proposals,
laboratory activities.
6.2 Data Quality Objectives—DQOs for the data generation work plan, sampling and analysis plan, QAPjP, health and
activity should be defined prior to the initiation of field and safety plan, community relations plan, documents required by
laboratory work, and they must be compatible with project regulatory agencies, requirements for raw field and analytical
objectives. It is desirable that the field and laboratory organi- records, technical reports assessing the environmental data, and
zations be aware of the DQOs so that the personnel conducting records retention policy. Planning documents shall specify the
the work are able to make informed decisions during the course required level of document control and identify the personnel
of the project. having access. Document formats that may be required to
6.3 Project Plan— The project plan should be designed to ensure that all data needs are satisfied shall be specified. In
meet the project objectives and DQOs. The project plan should addition, a project schedule that identifies critical milestones
define the following: and completion dates should be available.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5612
7. Standard Guide for Environmental Field Operations the environment shall be controlled at the site support areas and
sampling site.
7.1 Purposes—the field organization must conduct its op-
7.3.2 Field Measurements—Project planning documents
erations in such a manner as to provide reliable information
shall both address the type of field measurements to be
that meets the DQOs. To achieve this goal, certain minimum
performed and plan for the appropriate area to perform the
policies and procedures must be implemented in order to meet
work. Planning documents shall address ventilation, protection
the DQOs.
from extreme weather and temperatures, access to stable
7.2 Organization— The field organization shall be struc-
power, and provisions for water and gases of required purity.
tured such that each member of the organization has a clear
Plans shall be made to identify and supply applicable safety
understanding of his or her duties and responsibilities and the
equipment, as specified in the project health and safety plan.
relationship of those responsibilities to the total effort. The
7.3.3 Sample Handling, Shipping, and Storage Area—The
organizational structure, functional responsibilities, levels of
determination of whether sample shipping is necessary shall be
authority, job descriptions, and lines of communication for
made during project planning. This need is established by
activities shall be established and documented. One person
evaluating the analyses required, holding times (see Practice
may cover more than one organizational function.
D 4841), and location of the site and laboratory. Shipping or
7.2.1 Management—The management personnel of the field
transporting of the samples to a laboratory shall be completed
organization is responsible for establishing organizational,
in a timely manner, ensuring that the laboratory is allowed
operational, health and safety, and QA policies. Management
sufficient time to perform its analysis within any required
shall ensure that the following requirements are met: ( 1) the
holding times.
appropriate methodologies are followed, as documented in the
7.3.3.1 Samples shall be packaged, labeled, and docu-
standard operating procedures (SOPs); (2) personnel under-
mented in an area that minimizes sample contamination and
stand clearly their duties and responsibilities; ( 3) each staff
provides for safe storage. The level of custody and whether
member has access to appropriate project documents; (4) any
sample storage is required shall be outlined in the planning
deviations from the project plan are communicated to project
documents.
management; and (5) communication occurs between the field,
7.3.4 Chemical Storage— Safe storage areas for solvents,
laboratory, and project managements, as specified in the project
reagents, standards, and reference materials shall be adequate
plan. Management shall foster an attitude within the organiza-
to preserve their identity, concentration, purity, and stability
tion that emphasizes the importance of quality and supports
prior to use.
implementation of the QAPjP.
7.3.5 Decontamination— Decontamination of sampling
7.2.2 Quality Assurance Function—T
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