ASTM D7109-22e1

Standard Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 Cycles and 90 Cycles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the percent viscosity loss of fluids resulting from physical degradation in the high shear nozzle device. Thermal or oxidative effects are minimized.  
5.2 This test method may be used for quality control purposes by manufacturers of polymeric lubricant additives and their customers.  
5.3 This test method is not intended to predict viscosity loss in field service in different field equipment under widely varying operating conditions, which may cause lubricant viscosity to change due to thermal and oxidative changes, as well as by the mechanical shearing of polymer. However, when the field service conditions, primarily or exclusively, result in the degradation of polymer by mechanical shearing, there may be a correlation between the results from this test method and results from the field.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shear stability of polymer-containing fluids. The test method measures the viscosity loss, in mm2/s and percent, at 100 °C of polymer-containing fluids when evaluated by a diesel injector apparatus procedure that uses European diesel injector test equipment. The viscosity loss reflects polymer degradation due to shear at the nozzle. Viscosity loss is evaluated after both 30 cycles and 90 cycles of shearing.
Note 1: This test method evaluates the shear stability of oils after both 30 cycles and 90 cycles of shearing. For most oils, there is a correlation between results after 30 cycles and results after 90 cycles of shearing, but this is not universal.
Note 2: Test Method D6278 uses essentially the same procedure with 30 cycles but without the 90 cycles portion of the test. The correlation between results from this test method at 30 cycles and results from Test Method D6278 has been established and shown in Research Report RR:D02-1629 to be equivalent.
Note 3: Test Method D2603 has been used for similar evaluation of shear stability; limitations are as indicated in the significance statement. No detailed attempt has been undertaken to correlate the results of this test method with those of the sonic shear test method.
Note 4: This test method uses test apparatus as defined in CEC L-14-A-93. This test method differs from CEC-L-14-A-93 in the period of time required for calibration.
Note 5: Test Method D5275 also shears oils in a diesel injector apparatus but may give different results.
Note 6: This test method has different calibration and operational requirements than withdrawn Test Method D3945.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 8.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2022
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.07 - Flow Properties

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D445-24 - Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Refers: ASTM D6299-23a - Standard Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System Performance
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM D445-23 - Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM D6278-20a - Standard Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2020
• Refers: ASTM D6278-20 - Standard Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM D5275-20 - Standard Test Method for Fuel Injector Shear Stability Test (FISST) for Polymer Containing Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM D2603-20 - Standard Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Oils
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM D2603-19 - Standard Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2019
• Refers: ASTM D6299-17b - Standard Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System Performance
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2017
• Refers: ASTM D6299-17a - Standard Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System Performance
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2017
• Refers: ASTM D5275-17 - Standard Test Method for Fuel Injector Shear Stability Test (FISST) for Polymer Containing Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-May-2017
• Refers: ASTM D6299-17 - Standard Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System Performance
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2017
• Refers: ASTM D6278-17 - Standard Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2017
• Refers: ASTM D445-16 - Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2016
• Refers: ASTM D5275-16 - Standard Test Method for Fuel Injector Shear Stability Test (FISST) for Polymer Containing Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2016

Overview

ASTM D7109-22e1 is an international standard test method developed by ASTM International for determining the shear stability of polymer-containing fluids, specifically lubricants, using a European diesel injector apparatus operated at 30 cycles and 90 cycles. This standard focuses on evaluating viscosity loss caused by mechanical shearing, with minimal influence from thermal or oxidative degradation. The method provides a quantitative measure of viscosity loss at 100 °C, ensuring repeatable and reliable results for industry professionals concerned with lubricant performance and quality control.

Key Topics

• Shear Stability Testing: The test method measures the viscosity loss in mm²/s and as a percentage at 100 °C. The diesel injector apparatus mimics high-shear mechanical forces polymers encounter in practical lubrication systems.
• Polymer Degradation Assessment: The procedure evaluates the degree to which polymeric additives in lubricants degrade due to mechanical forces, allowing insight into product durability.
• Cycle-Based Analysis: Viscosity is measured after both 30 and 90 cycles of shearing, providing two data points for assessing lubricant stability across different stress exposures.
• Correlation to Field Performance: While not intended to predict all in-field viscosity losses, the method is relevant where mechanical shearing is the predominant cause of lubricant breakdown.
• Quality Control: ASTM D7109-22e1 is particularly useful for manufacturers of polymeric lubricant additives and their customers to maintain consistency and performance in products.
• Standardized Apparatus and Conditions: Testing employs a defined European diesel injector apparatus and standardized calibration fluids, ensuring reproducibility and comparability across laboratories.

Applications

• Lubricant Quality Assurance: Manufacturing plants and laboratories use this method to verify the mechanical shear stability of engine oils, transmission fluids, and other polymer-enhanced lubricants.
• Product Development: R&D teams utilize the method during formulation or improvement of polymer-containing fluids to optimize performance characteristics.
• Supplier-Customer Agreements: Provides an objective basis for evaluating viscosity stability as part of product specifications between additive suppliers and oil marketers.
• Benchmarking and Certification: Used to demonstrate compliance with performance requirements or for automotive industry approvals where shear stability is critical.
• Troubleshooting and Comparative Analysis: Enables end-users and lubricant engineers to compare different formulations or identify potential issues related to polymer degradation in service.

Related Standards

To achieve broad compatibility and accurate results, ASTM D7109-22e1 references and is closely aligned with several other industry standards:

• ASTM D445: Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids.
• ASTM D6278: Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus (30 cycles only).
• ASTM D2603: Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Oils.
• ASTM D5275: Fuel Injector Shear Stability Test (FISST) for Polymer Containing Fluids.
• ASTM D7042: Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer.
• CEC L-14-A-93: European Coordinating Council procedure for evaluating mechanical shear stability of lubricating oils containing polymers.

Adhering to these related standards and procedures ensures consistent, high-quality test results, and supports global standardization and trade in the lubricants industry.

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Keywords: ASTM D7109, shear stability, polymer-containing fluids, viscosity loss, diesel injector apparatus, lubricant testing, mechanical shear degradation, lubricating oils, additive quality control, polymer degradation, viscosity measurement.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: D7109 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Fluids Using a
European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 Cycles and 90
Cycles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorially added Research Report RR:D02-2041 in December 2022.
1. Scope* mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Specific warning statements are given in Section 8.
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shear
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
stability of polymer-containing fluids. The test method mea-
2 dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
sures the viscosity loss, in mm /s and percent, at 100 °C of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
polymer-containing fluids when evaluated by a diesel injector
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
apparatus procedure that uses European diesel injector test
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
equipment.The viscosity loss reflects polymer degradation due
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
to shear at the nozzle. Viscosity loss is evaluated after both
30 cycles and 90 cycles of shearing.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—This test method evaluates the shear stability of oils after both
30 cycles and 90 cycles of shearing. For most oils, there is a correlation
2.1 ASTM Standards:
between results after 30 cycles and results after 90 cycles of shearing, but
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
this is not universal.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
NOTE 2—Test Method D6278 uses essentially the same procedure with
ity)
30 cycles but without the 90 cycles portion of the test. The correlation
between results from this test method at 30 cycles and results from Test
D2603 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-
Method D6278 has been established and shown in Research Report
Containing Oils
RR:D02-2041 to be equivalent.
D5275 Test Method for Fuel Injector Shear Stability Test
NOTE 3—Test Method D2603 has been used for similar evaluation of
(FISST) for Polymer Containing Fluids
shear stability; limitations are as indicated in the significance statement.
Nodetailedattempthasbeenundertakentocorrelatetheresultsofthistest D6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Contain-
method with those of the sonic shear test method.
ing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus
NOTE 4—This test method uses test apparatus as defined in CEC
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
L-14-A-93.This test method differs from CEC-L-14-A-93 in the period of
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
time required for calibration.
Measurement System Performance
NOTE 5—Test Method D5275 also shears oils in a diesel injector
apparatus but may give different results. D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of
NOTE 6—This test method has different calibration and operational
Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of
requirements than withdrawn Test Method D3945.
Kinematic Viscosity)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
2.2 Coordinated European Council (CEC) Standard:
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
CEC L-14-A-93 Evaluation of the Mechanical Shear Stabil-
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
ity of Lubricating Oils Containing Polymers
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D7109 – 20a. DOI: Available from CEC Secretariat, InterlynkAdministrative Services, Ltd., Lynk
10.1520/D7109-22E01. House, 17 Peckleton Lane, Desford, Leicestershire, LE9 9JU, United Kingdom.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D7109 − 22
3.1.1 kinematic viscosity, n—the ratio of the dynamic vis-
cosity (η) to the density (ρ) of a liquid at a given temperature.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 calibration pressure, n—the recorded gauge pressure
when calibration fluid RL233 undergoes a viscosity loss of
2 2
2.70 mm /s to 2.90 mm /s when the recorded gauge pressure is
within the range of 13.0 MPa to 18.0 MPa.
3.2.2 percent viscosity loss, n—viscosity loss, as defined in
3.2.3, divided by the pre-sheared viscosity, and reported as a
percent.
3.2.3 viscosityloss,n—thelossinviscositydeterminedfrom
the difference in kinematic viscosity at 100 °C of pre-sheared
and post-sheared fluid.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A polymer-containing fluid is passed through a diesel
injector nozzle at a shear rate that may reduce its kinematic
viscosity. The percent viscosity loss is a measure of the
mechanical shear stability of the fluid.
NOTE 7—This test method may also be used for oils not containing
Legend:
polymer. It might not be known whether an oil submitted for test contains
(1) Spray nozzle
a polymer.
(2) Atomization chamber
(3) Outlet of the atomization chamber
5. Significance and Use
(4) Distributor plate
5.1 This test method evaluates the percent viscosity loss of
(5) Fluid-cooling vessel
fluids resulting from physical degradation in the high shear
(6) Three-way cock downstream of glass
nozzle device. Thermal or oxidative effects are minimized.
(7) Fluid reservoir
5.2 This test method may be used for quality control
(8) Three-way cock downstream of glass container
purposes by manufacturers of polymeric lubricant additives
(9) Support column
and their customers.
(10) Connection with pump-suction opening
(11) Double-plunger injection pump
5.3 This test method is not intended to predict viscosity loss
(12) Pump setting screw
in field service in different field equipment under widely
(13) Electric motor
varying operating conditions, which may cause lubricant vis-
(14) Venting screw/pump
cosity to change due to thermal and oxidative changes, as well
(15) Stroke counter
as by the mechanical shearing of polymer. However, when the
(16) Pressure tubing from pump to injector
field service conditions, primarily or exclusively, result in the
(17) Return line for overflowing liquid
degradation of polymer by mechanical shearing, there may be
(18) Pressure sensing device
a correlation between the results from this test method and
(19) Drain line of atomization chamber
results from the field.
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Shear Stability Testing
6. Apparatus
6.1 The apparatus consists of a fluid reservoir, a double-
thermometer suspended in the center of the fluid reservoir.The
plunger pump with an electric motor drive, an atomization
bottom of the thermometer bulb shall be 10 mm to 15 mm
chamber with a diesel injector spray nozzle, and a fluid cooling
above the entrance to the drain tube opening. Other
vessel, installed in an area with an ambient temperature of
temperature-measuring equipment positioned at the same lo-
20 °C to 25 °C (68 °F to 77 °F). Fig. 1 shows the schematic
cation may also be used. The outlet is equipped with a
representation of equipment.
three-way stopcock (8). The three-way stopcock is of a cone
6.1.1 Fluid Reservoir—In Fig. 1, the fluid reservoir (7) is
type with a nonexchangeable solid plug with an 8 mm
open on the top, has approximately a 250 mL capacity with
(0.315 in.) nominal bore size. Transparent plastic tubing, (10)
graduation of a maximum of 5 mL, has a 45 mm (1.772 in.)
inFig.1,isusedtoconnectthethree-waystopcocktothepump
inner diameter, and is calibrated in units of volume. It is fitted
inlet.
with an internal fluid distributor as detailed in Fig. 2.A40mm
6.1.2 Double-Plunger Injection Pump—In Fig. 1, the injec-
(1.575 in.) diameter watch glass with serrated edges is an
tion pump (11) is defined as Bosch PE 2 A 90D 300/3 S2266.
acceptable distributor plate. The distributor reduces the ten-
This pump is equipped with a stroke counter (15), venting
dency of fluid channeling. Temperature is measured by a
screw (14), and a flow rate adjusting screw (12).
6.1.3 Injection Pump, driven by a three-phase electric motor
Throughout, the numbers in parentheses refer to the legend in Fig. 1. (13) in Fig. 1, rated at a speed of 925 r⁄min 6 25 r⁄min.
´1
D7109 − 22
the fuel injection equipment (the plunger and barrel in the pump and the
nozzle valve assembly). Service work on the equipment should be
performedbyadieselfuelinjectorpumpspecialistorwithreferencetothe
manufacturer’s service manual.
NOTE 9—An unusually rapid rise in gauge pressure during testing may
signify filter blockage. When this occurs, the filter cartridge shall be
replaced.
6.1.5 Pressure-sensing Device (18), such as a glycerol-filled
pressure gauge or electronic, digital display pressure indicator,
shall be installed and separated from the line by a pressure
snubber or needle valve to suitably dampen pressure surges.
The pressure-sensing device shall be able to take readings with
a display resolution of at least 0.1 MPa when a glycerol-filled
pressure gauge is being used, or to 0.01 MPa when an
electronic pressure device is employed. The pressure device
shall be occasionally pressure tested to ensure accuracy.
6.1.6 Fluid Cooling Vessel, ((5) in Fig. 1), used to maintain
the specified temperature of the test fluid, as indicated at the
outletofthefluidreservoir.Thisvesselisaglasscontainerwith
exterior cooling jacket constructed so that the heat transfer
NOTE 1—Dimensions are given in millimeters.
surface of the jacket is spherical. The exterior jacket diameter,
FIG. 2 Distributor Plate
d , is approximately 50 mm (1.969 in.). The interior heat
transfer surface, d , is approximately 25 mm (0.984 in.) in
6.1.3.1 This motor runs at 925 r/min on the 50 Hz current
diameter. The overall length, L, is approximately 180 mm
prevalentinEurope;itwillrunatapproximately1100 r⁄minon
(7.087 in.). A distributor plate, similar in design to the
60 Hz current. The 1100 r⁄min speed is not acceptable in this
distributorplateinthefluidreservoir,ispositionedintheupper
procedure. A suitable means shall be taken to ensure the
portion of the fluid cooling vessel to ensure contact between
prescribed 925 r⁄min 6 25 r⁄min speed to the injection pump.
the fluid and the cooling surface. The discharge from the fluid
One acceptable method is to usea6to5 speed reducer.
cooling vessel is through a three-way stopcock of the same
6.1.4 OutletofInjectionPump,connectedtotheatomization
design used on the discharge of the fluid reservoir. If using a
chamber using high pressure steel tubing. The atomization
rate-dependent chiller, the exterior cooling jacket shall be
chamber (2) in Fig. 1, is defined in more detail in Fig. 3.To
supplied with an adjustable volume of cold water.
minimize foam generation, the spray chamber is designed so
6.2 Viscometer—Any viscometer and bath meeting the re-
that the fluid under test exits from the nozzle into a chamber
quirementsofTestMethodD445orD7042.Whichevermethod
filledwiththetestfluid.Adraintube(17)fittedwithatwo-way
is chosen, that same method must be used for the before and
stopcock is included to minimize contamination from the
after samples as well as the calibration samples.
previous test during the system cleaning steps. The diesel
injector nozzle is a Bosch DN 8 S 2-type pintle nozzle injector,
number 0434 200 012, installed in a Bosch KD 43 SA 53/15
Repair Instructions for Diesel Injection Pumps Size A, B, K and Z, Bulletin
nozzle holder. The nozzle holder includes a filter cartridge.
WJP101/1BEP,RobertBoschGmbH,2800South25thAve.,Broadview,IL60153.
NOTE 8—Exercise great care to avoid damage to the precision parts of
FIG. 3 Atomization Chamber with Spray Nozzle and Nozzle
´1
D7109 − 22
7. Materials reservoir (7) and the lower three-way cock (8) shall be open to
the pump suction (10).
7.1 Diesel Fuel (No. 2),initiallyrequiredtoadjustthediesel
10.2.5 Add 170 mL of RL233 calibration oil to the lower
injector nozzle valve opening pressure.
reservoir (7) and observe the level. Start the pump and run for
7.2 Calibration Fluid, RL233, used to ensure that when the
several minutes until the oil is transparent and free of sus-
apparatus is adjusted within a prescribed pressure range, the
pended air.
correct viscosity loss is obtained.
10.2.6 Stop the pump. Drain the fluid in the atomization
chamber into a beaker and then pour the fluid back into the
8. Hazards
lower reservoir; draining to waste will result in an error in the
8.1 Warning—Use a safety shield between the high-
measurement of V .Allow the system to drain for 20 min and
res
pressurecomponentsandtheoperatorduringuseofequipment.
free air trapped in the transparent connecting tube between the
lower reservoir and pump.
8.2 Warning—During operation, the line between the
10.2.7 Observe the difference in oil level in the lower
pumpandnozzle,((16)inFig.1),isunderapressureofatleast
reservoir compared to that noted in 10.2.5. Record this differ-
13.0 MPa (130 bar or 1885 psi). Pressures above the upper
ence as the residual volume, V .
res
limit of 18.0 MPa (180 bar or 2611 psi) are possible if filter
plugging occurs. Shut off the pump prior to tightening any
NOTE 10—Undrained residual volumes of 15 mL to 30 mL have been
fitting that is not properly sealed. reported by various users of this test. V measurements in excess of this
res
may occur when fluid in the atomization chamber is not poured back into
the lower reservoir as in 10.2.6, or if the length of line (10) is excessive.
9. Sampling
10.2.8 Calculate the run volume, V , which is the differ-
run
9.1 Approximately 650 mL of fluid is needed per test.
ence between 170 mL and V , V = 170 – V .
res run res
9.2 The test fluid shall be at room temperature, uniform in
10.3 Warm-up—A half-hour warm-up period is required
appearance, and free of any visible insoluble material prior to
before proceeding to calibrate with RL233. Set the stroke
placing it in the test equipment.
counter shut-off to 30 times n strokes, and start the pump.
9.3 Water and insolubles shall be removed before testing, or
NOTE 11—This warm-up period is only required for the first within-day
filter blocking and nozzle wear may occur. Filter blocking can
calibration.
be detected by a sudden change in gauge pressure. The
10.4 Cleaning the Apparatus, Setting the Stroke Counter,
transport of insolubles to the shear zone will shorten nozzle
and Adjusting the Pump Stroke:
life.
10.4.1 Drain residual oil by way of drain line (19) from the
atomization chamber into a waste container. Drain fluid in the
10. Calibration and Standardization
cooling jacket by means of stopcock (6) (Fig. 1) and the fluid
10.1 Nozzle Adjustments—If the nozzle to be used is new or
reservoir by means of stopcock (8), into suitable waste con-
has not been pre-calibrated, adjust the diesel injector nozzle
tainers.
holder with the nozzle in place. Adjust the nozzle using diesel
10.4.2 After fluid has drained, leave the stopcock on the
fuel and a nozzle tester so that the valve opening pressure is
drain line to the atomization chamber open and the three-way
13.0 MPa (1885 psi) under static conditions. If the nozzle has
stopcock(6)positionedsothatfluidinthecoolingjacketdrains
beenpre-calibratedwithRL233calibrationoil,adjustthevalve
to a waste container. Position stopcock (8) so that the drain is
opening pressure to the calibration pressure prescribed, which
closed but the fluid reservoir is open to pump suction through
must be between 13.0 MPa (1885 psi) and 18.0 MPa
line (10). Add a minimum of 50 mL of RL233 to the fluid
(2611 psi).
reservoir.
10.1.1 Install the nozzle and the nozzle holder in the test
NOTE 12—Steps 10.4.2 to 10.4.7 are representative of the first and
apparatus. The pintle/spray nozzle shall be tightly fitted in the
second purges with 50 mL fluid that are needed to remove used oil from
chamber to avoid leakage of oil around the external surface of
the apparatus prior to calibration and testing. For these steps, the stopcock
the spray nozzle.
below the atomization chamber and cooling jackets are set so that oil will
flow into waste containers.
10.2 Measurement of Residual Undrained Volume, V :
res
10.2.1 The residual undrained oil volume of the system is 10.4.3 Free the apparatus of air in the line by use of the
the volume of the system between the three-way stopcock venting screw (14), and by manual compression of the trans-
below the fluid reservoir (8) in Fig. 1, and the injector nozzle parent flexible tube that connects the pump to the fluid
orifice (1). V does not include the atomization chamber reservoir.
res
volume. When the residual undrained volume is known, go to 10.4.4 Set the stroke counter so that the pump will run a
10.4. sufficient length of time to evacuate the fluid out of the fluid
10.2.2 To determine residual undrained volume, first re- reservoir.
move as much fluid as possible by briefly running the pump. 10.4.5 Start the pump. Observe the fluid level in the
10.2.3 Remove the high-pressure lines (16) in Fig. 1, and reservoirandstopthepumpwhenallthefluidisoutofthebase
drain. Remove the plug at the end of the pump gallery to drain of the reservoir but is still fully-retained in line (10).
the remaining oil in the pump. Drain atomization chamber (2). 10.4.6 Add a minimum of 50 mLof RL233 fluid to the fluid
10.2.4 Reassemble the system and close all drains. The reservoir a second time and operate the pump until the fluid
upper three-way stopcock (6) shall be open to the lower reservoir is empty but line (10) is still filled with fluid.
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D7109 − 22
10.4.7 After all oil has drained, close the stopcock on the 10.6.1 Ensure that the ambient (room) temperature is be-
atomization chamber drain line (19), position stopcock (6) so tween 20 °C and 25 °C.
that fluid will flow from the cooling jacket into the fluid
10.6.2 Add a minimum of 50 mL of RL233 to the fluid
reservoir. reservoir. Position the three-way stopcock, (6) in Fig. 1, below
10.4.8 Remove the thermometer or temperature probe from the cooling vessel to discharge fluid into a suitable waste
container and leave the stopcock open below the atomization
the fluid reservoir.
chamber. Operate the pump until the fluid reservoir is empty
NOTE 13—The thermometer and assembly can interfere with the
but line (10) is still filled with fluid.
obtainment of accurate volume measurements in the fluid reservoir, hence
10.6.3 Free the apparatus of air in the line by manual
its removal is called for when the accurate determination of fluid volume
is needed. A thermocouple or thermistor probe is a suitable alternative to compression of the flexible tube that connects the pump to the
a thermometer.
fluidreservoir.Whennecessary,ventingscrew(14)isalsoused
for this purpose.
10.4.9 Add a minimum amount of fluid equal to the sum of
10.6.4 Add a minimum of 50 mL of test fluid to the fluid
30 mL plus V , determined in 10.2.8, to the flu
...