ASTM D8560-24
(Guide)Standard Guide for Determination of Airborne PFAS in the Indoor Air Environment
Standard Guide for Determination of Airborne PFAS in the Indoor Air Environment
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some PFAS have been implicated in adverse human health impacts (4, 5, 6). Therefore, quantifying PFAS concentrations in indoor air is important for accurate and meaningful exposure analysis and risk assessments.
5.2 PFAS found in air can have a wide range of chemical characteristics that will impact sampling practice selection. For example, estimated vapor pressure values can vary by ten orders of magnitude, while estimated Henry’s Law constants can vary by five orders of magnitude (Table 1). This means that sampling and analytical methods that are appropriate for one PFAS compound may not be appropriate for other PFAS compounds. Hence, prior to sampling and selecting analytic methods for PFAS measurement in indoor air, it is critical to establish that the chosen PFAS sampling method(s) is appropriate for the target compound(s), the sampling location, and the environmental conditions.
5.3 The measurement of PFAS in indoor air is an active and growing research topic. Understanding of PFAS properties, sampling and analytic approaches and techniques is constantly evolving. This includes the determination of physical-chemical properties of many PFAS, which may not even have been measured experimentally or which have a wide range of experimentally determined properties (that is, 8:2 FTOH in Table 1). This guide describes methods that are in use at the time of publication.
5.4 PFAS in indoor air may come from a wide range of sources, including consumer products, building materials, food packaging, outdoor air, and other miscellaneous sources. PFAS is also commonly quantified in indoor dust. There are several methods that quantify these chemicals in solid and liquid media including, but not limited to Guide E3302, Test Method D7968, Test Method D7979, Test Method D8421, Test Method D8535, US EPA 533, and US EPA 537.1. US EPA OTM-45 quantifies some PFAS in the combined gas and particle phases of stationary sources, such as incinerator stack sampling.
5.5 Thi...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes methods for determining Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) concentrations in indoor air.
1.2 This guide is focused on PFAS measurement technologies applicable to indoor air (including in vehicles and indoor workplaces) and other relevant air volumes such as, air in chambers, bags, or both. The described technologies were developed for indoor air; they may or may not be applicable to other types of air samples.
1.3 This guide describes available technologies and methods that can be used to measure indoor air PFAS concentrations in the gaseous or particulate phases, or both, in indoor air.
1.4 This guide describes each method and its advantages and limitations.
1.5 This guide does not attempt to differentiate between the effectiveness of the methods nor determine equivalence of the methods.
1.6 The sorbent-based sampling strategies addressed in this guide are for PFAS compounds with a molecular mass greater than 200 g mol-1 (1, 2, 3).2 Compounds less than 200 g mol-1, such as CF4, C2F6, or PFAS degradation products may require real-time analytical methods described in this guide or other methods that are not presented here.
1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8560 − 24
Standard Guide for
Determination of Airborne PFAS in the Indoor Air
1
Environment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8560; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This guide describes methods for determining Per- and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) concentrations in indoor
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
air.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 This guide is focused on PFAS measurement technolo-
gies applicable to indoor air (including in vehicles and indoor 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
workplaces) and other relevant air volumes such as, air in
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
chambers, bags, or both. The described technologies were
Atmospheres
developed for indoor air; they may or may not be applicable to
D6196 Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Param-
other types of air samples.
eters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions for
Monitoring Volatile Organic Chemicals in Air
1.3 This guide describes available technologies and meth-
ods that can be used to measure indoor air PFAS concentrations D7968 Test Method for Determination of Polyfluorinated
Compounds in Soil by Liquid Chromatography Tandem
in the gaseous or particulate phases, or both, in indoor air.
Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
1.4 This guide describes each method and its advantages
D7979 Test Method for Determination of Per- and Polyfluo-
and limitations.
roalkyl Substances in Water, Sludge, Influent, Effluent,
1.5 This guide does not attempt to differentiate between the
and Wastewater by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass
effectiveness of the methods nor determine equivalence of the
Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
methods.
D8141 Guide for Selecting Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOCs) and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs)
1.6 The sorbent-based sampling strategies addressed in this
Emission Testing Methods to Determine Emission Param-
guide are for PFAS compounds with a molecular mass greater
-1 2 -1
eters for Modeling of Indoor Environments
than 200 g mol (1, 2, 3). Compounds less than 200 g mol ,
D8421 Test Method for Determination of Per- and Polyfluo-
such as CF , C F , or PFAS degradation products may require
4 2 6
roalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Aqueous Matrices by Co-
real-time analytical methods described in this guide or other
solvation followed by Liquid Chromatography Tandem
methods that are not presented here.
Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
D8535 Test Method for Determination of Per- and Polyfluo-
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
roalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Soil/Biosolid Matrices by
this standard.
Solvent Extraction, Filtering, and Followed by Liquid
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
MS)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E3302 Guide for PFAS Analytical Methods Selection
4
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
2.2 EPA Standards:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
EPA Method 537.1 Determination of Selected Per- and
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Drinking Water by
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2024. Published April 2024. DOI: 10.1520/ the ASTM website.
4
D8560-24. Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), William
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,
this standard. http://www.epa.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.