ASTM D4741-96
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Temperature and High Shear Rate by Tapered-Plug Viscometer
Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Temperature and High Shear Rate by Tapered-Plug Viscometer
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the viscosity of oils at 150oC and 1 X 106s-1 and at 100oC and 1 X 10 6s-1, using high shear rate tapered-plug viscometer models BE/C or BS/C.
1.2 Newtonian calibration oils are used to adjust the working gap and for calibration of the apparatus. These calibration oils cover a range from approximately 1.8 to 5.9 mPa-s (cP) at 150oC and 4.2 to 18.9 mPa-s (cP) at 100oC. This test method should not be used for extrapolation to higher viscosities than those of the Newtonian calibration oils used for calibration of the apparatus. If it is so used, the precision statement will no longer apply.
1.3 A non-Newtonian reference oil is used to check that the working conditions are correct. The exact viscosity appropriate to each batch of this oil is established by testing on a number of instruments in different laboratories. The agreed value for this reference oil may be obtained from the chairman of the Coordinating European Council (CEC) Surveillance Group for CEC L-36-A90, or from the distributor.
1.4 Applicability to products other than engine oils has not been determined in preparing this test method.
1.5 This test method uses the millipascal seconds, mPa-s, as the unit of viscosity. For information, the equivalent cgs unit, centipoise, cP, is shown in parentheses.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 4741 – 96 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Viscosity at High Temperature and High Shear
1
Rate by Tapered-Plug Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4741; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 4683 Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Shear
2
Rate and High Temperature by Tapered Bearing Simula-
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of
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6 −1
tor
the viscosity of oils at 150°C and 1 3 10 s using Ravenfield
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D 5481 Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at
high shear rate tapered-plug viscometer models BE or BS.
High-Temperature and High-Shear Rate by Multicell Cap-
This test method may readily be adapted to other conditions if
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illary Viscometer
required.
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2.2 Coordinating European Council (CEC) Standard:
1.2 Newtonian calibration oils are used to adjust the work-
L-36 Test Method for the Measurement of Lubricant Dy-
ing gap and for calibration of the apparatus. These calibration
namic Viscosity under Conditions of High Shear
oils cover a range from approximately 1.8 to 5.9 cP (mPa.s) at
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2.3 Institute of Petroleum (IP) Standard:
150°C. This test method should not be used for extrapolation to
IP-370 Test Method for the Measurement of Lubricant
higher viscosities than those of the Newtonian calibration oils
Dynamic Viscosity under Conditions of High Shear using
used for calibration of the apparatus.
the Ravenfield Viscometer
1.3 A non-Newtonian reference oil is used to check that the
working conditions are correct. The exact viscosity appropriate
3. Terminology
to each batch of this oil is established by testing on a number
3.1 Definitions:
of instruments in different laboratories. The agreed value for
3.1.1 apparent viscosity—the determined viscosity obtained
this check oil may be obtained by reference to the chairman of
by this test method.
the CEC Surveillance Group for the Ravenfield tapered-plug
3.1.2 density—the mass per unit volume. In the SI, the unit
viscometer method L-36 or to the distributor.
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of density is the kg/m , but for practical use a submultiple is
1.4 Applicability to products other than engine oils has not
3 3 3
more convenient. The g/cm is 10 kg/m and is customarily
been determined in preparing this method.
used.
1.5 This test method uses the centipoise (cP) as the unit of
3.1.3 kinematic viscosity—the ratio of the viscosity to the
viscosity. For information, the equivalent SI unit, the millipas-
density of a liquid. It is a measure of the resistance of flow of
cal second (mPa.s) is shown in parenthesis.
a liquid under gravity. In the SI, the unit of kinematic viscosity
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
is the metre squared per second; for practical use, a submultiple
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(millimetre squared per second) is more convenient. The
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
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centistokes (cSt) is 1 mm /s and is customarily used.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 Newtonian oil or fluid—an oil or fluid which at a given
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
temperature exhibits a constant viscosity at all shear rates or
2. Referenced Documents shear stresses.
3.1.5 non-Newtonian oil or fluid—an oil or fluid which
2.1 ASTM Standards:
exhibits a viscosity that varies with changing shear stress or
D 91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating
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shear rate.
Oils
3.1.6 shear rate—the velocity gradient in fluid flow. The SI
−1
unit for shear rate is the reciprocal second (s ).
1
3.1.7 shear stress—the motivating force per area for fluid
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
flow. The area is the area of shear. In the SI, the unit for shear
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Apr. 10, 1996. Published June 1996. Originally
e1 4
published as D 4741 – 87. Last previous edition D 4741 – 87 (1996) . Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
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This test method is technically identical to that described in CEC L-36 (under Available from the CEC, Madou Plaza, 25th Floor, Place Madou 1, B-1030
the jurisdiction of the CEC Engine Lubricants Technical Committee) and in Institute Brussels, Belgium.
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of Petroleum method IP 370. Available from Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish St., London WIM
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Annual Book of ASTM Sta
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