ASTM E2927-16e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons
Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of elemental concentrations in the microgram per gram (µgg-1) to percent (%) levels in soda-lime glass samples. A standard test method may aid in the interchange of data between laboratories and in the creation and use of glass databases.
5.2 The determination of elemental concentrations in glass provides high discriminating value in the forensic comparison of glass fragments.
5.3 This test method produces minimal destruction of the sample. Microscopic craters of 50 to 100 µm in diameter by 80 to 150-µm deep are left in the glass fragment after analysis. The mass removed per replicate is approximately 0.4 to 3.1 µg.
5.4 Appropriate sampling techniques shall be used to account for natural heterogeneity of the materials at a microscopic scale.
5.5 The precision, accuracy, and limits of detection of the method (for each element measured) shall be established in each laboratory that employs the method. The measurement uncertainty of any concentration value used for a comparison shall be recorded with the concentration.
5.6 Acid digestion of glass followed by either Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) or Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) may also be used for trace elemental analysis of glass, and offer similar detection levels and the ability for quantitative analysis. However, these methods are destructive, and require larger sample sizes and much longer sample preparation times (Test Method E2330).
5.7 Micro X-Ray Fluorescence (µ-XRF) uses comparable sample sizes to those used for LA-ICP-MS with the advantage of being non-destructive of the sample. Some of the drawbacks of µ-XRF are poorer sensitivity and precision, and longer analysis time.
5.8 Scanning Electron Microscopy with EDS (SEM-EDS) is also available for elemental analysis, but it is of limited use for forensic glass source discrimination due to poor detection limits for higher atomic n...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the quantitative elemental analysis of the following seventeen elements: lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), barium (Ba), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), hafnium (Hf) and lead (Pb) through the use of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the forensic comparison of glass fragments. The potential of these elements to provide the best discrimination among different sources of soda-lime glasses has been published elsewhere (1-5).2 Silicon (Si) is also monitored for use as a normalization standard. Additional elements may be added as needed, for example, tin (Sn) can be used to monitor the orientation of float glass fragments.
1.2 The method only consumes approximately 0.4 to 2 µg of glass per replicate and is suitable for the analysis of full thickness samples as well as irregularly shaped fragments as small as 0.1 mm by 0.4 mm in dimension. The concentrations of the elements listed above range from the low parts per million (µgg-1) to percent (%) levels in soda-lime-silicate glass, the most common type encountered in forensic cases. This standard method may be applied for the quantitative analysis of other glass types; however, some modifications in the reference standard glasses and the element menu may be required.
1.3 This standard does not replace knowledge, skill, ability, experience, education or training and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and heal...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E2927 − 16 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass
Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma
1
Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2927; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to 11.1 in December 2017.
INTRODUCTION
One objective of a forensic glass examination is to compare glass samples to determine if they may
be discriminated using their physical, optical or chemical properties (for example, color, refractive
index (RI), density, elemental composition). If the samples are distinguishable in any of these
observed and measured properties, it may be concluded that they did not originate from the same
source of broken glass. If the samples are indistinguishable in all of these observed and measured
properties, the possibility that they originated from the same source of glass may not be eliminated.
The use of an elemental analysis method such as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry yields high discrimination among sources of glass.
1. Scope thickness samples as well as irregularly shaped fragments as
small as 0.1 mm by 0.4 mm in dimension. The concentrations
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the quantitative
of the elements listed above range from the low parts per
elemental analysis of the following seventeen elements:
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million(µgg )topercent(%)levelsinsoda-lime-silicateglass,
lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), potassium (K),
the most common type encountered in forensic cases. This
calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn),
standardmethodmaybeappliedforthequantitativeanalysisof
rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), barium (Ba),
otherglasstypes;however,somemodificationsinthereference
lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), hafnium (Hf)
standard glasses and the element menu may be required.
and lead (Pb) through the use of Laser Ablation Inductively
Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the 1.3 This standard does not replace knowledge, skill, ability,
experience, education or training and should be used in
forensic comparison of glass fragments. The potential of these
elements to provide the best discrimination among different conjunction with professional judgment.
sources of soda-lime glasses has been published elsewhere
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
2
(1-5). Silicon (Si) is also monitored for use as a normalization
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. Additional elements may be added as needed, for
standard.
example,tin(Sn)canbeusedtomonitortheorientationoffloat
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
glass fragments.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 Themethodonlyconsumesapproximately0.4to2µgof
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
glass per replicate and is suitable for the analysis of full
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
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ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE30onForensic
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published April 2017. Originally
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2927 – 13. DOI:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
10.1520/E2927-16E01.
2 mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
this standard.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2927 − 16
2. Referenced Documents 5.2 The determination of elemental concentrations in glass
3 provides high discriminating value in the forensic comparison
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of glass fragments.
E2330 Test Method for Determination of Concentrations of
5.3 This test method produces minimal destruction of the
Elements in Glass
...
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