ASTM B212-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a guide for evaluation of an important physical characteristic of a powder known as the apparent density. The measured apparent density bears a relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume die cavity. The degree of correlation between the results of this test and the performance of powders during use may vary with each particular application. Note, however, that the presence of moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes, and the temperature of the powder mass may alter the physical characteristics of the powder.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the apparent density of free-flowing metal powders, and mixed powders; and is suitable for only those powders that will flow unaided through the specified Hall Flowmeter funnel.
1.2 With the exception of density values, for which the g/cm3 unit is the industry standard, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in inch-pound units are shown in parentheses and result from conversion in accordance with IEEE/ASTM Standard SI 10. They may be approximate and are only for information.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:B212–09
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the
1
Hall Flowmeter Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B212; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope information is available in the Related Materials section of Vol
02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining
the apparent density of free-flowing metal powders, and mixed
4. Summary of Test Method
powders; and is suitable for only those powders that will flow
4.1 Avolumeofpowderispermittedtoflowintoacontainer
unaided through the specified Hall Flowmeter funnel.
of definite volume under controlled conditions. The mass of
1.2 With the exception of density values, for which the
3 powder per unit volume is determined and reported as apparent
g/cm unit is the industry standard, the values stated in SI units
density, Hall (AD ).
H
are to be regarded as the standard. Values in inch-pound units
are shown in parentheses and result from conversion in
5. Significance and Use
accordance with IEEE/ASTM Standard SI 10. They may be
5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluation of an
approximate and are only for information.
important physical characteristic of a powder known as the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
apparent density. The measured apparent density bears a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
die cavity.The degree of correlation between the results of this
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
test and the performance of powders during use may vary with
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
each particular application. Note, however, that the presence of
moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes, and the tempera-
2. Referenced Documents
2 ture of the powder mass may alter the physical characteristics
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the powder.
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
6. Apparatus
B873 Test Method for Measuring Volume of Apparent
3
6.1 Powder Flowmeter Funnel —A Hall Flowmeter funnel
Density Cup Used in Test Methods B 212, B 329, and B
(Fig. 1) having a calibrated orifice.
417
3
2 6.2 Density Cup —Acylindrical brass cup (Fig. 2) having a
2.2 IEEE/ASTM Standard:
3
nominal capacity of 25 cm . The actual cup volume shall be
SI 10 American National Standard for Use of the Interna-
determined according to Test Method B873.
tional System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3
6.3 Stand —Astand (Fig. 1) to support the Hall Flowmeter
3. Terminology funnel concentric with the density cup so that the bottom of the
Hall Flowmeter funnel orifice is approximately 25 mm (1 in.)
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
above the top of the density cup when the apparatus is
method, see Terminology B243. Additional descriptive PM
assembled as shown in Fig. 1.
6.4 Base—A level, vibration-free base to support the pow-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
der flowmeter.
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B212 – 99(2006) .
3
DOI: 10.1520/B0212-09. The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or isAccuPowderInternational,LLC,901LehighAve.,Union,NJ07083-7632.Ifyou
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
1
the ASTM website. meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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B212–09
FIG. 1 Flowmeter Apparatus — Hall Funnel
2
FIG. 2 Density Cup (25 6 0.03 cm )
6.5 Balance—Alaboratory balance, having a capacity of at 7.2 The test specimen shall be tested as sampled.
least
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B212–99 (Reapproved 2006) Designation:B212–09
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the
1
Hall Flowmeter Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B212; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1This test method describes a procedure for determining the apparent density of free-flowing metal powders and is suitable
for only those powders that will flow unaided through the specified Hall flowmeter funnel.
1.2
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the apparent density of free-flowing metal powders, and mixed
powders; and is suitable for only those powders that will flow unaided through the specified Hall Flowmeter funnel.
3
1.2 With the exception of density values, for which the g/cm unit is the industry standard, the values stated in SI units are to
be regarded as the standard. Values in inch-pound units are shown in parentheses and result from conversion in accordance with
IEEE/ASTM Standard SI 10. They may be approximate and are only for information.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B873 Test Method for Measuring Volume of Apparent Density Cup Used in Test Methods B 212, B 329, and B 417
2
2.2 IEEE/ASTM Standard:
SI 10 American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology B243. . Additional descriptive PM
information is available in the Related Materials section of Vol 02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A volume of powder is permitted to flow into a container of definite volume under controlled conditions. The mass of
powder per unit volume is determined and reported as apparent density, Hall (AD ).
H
5. Significance and Use
5.1This test method provides a guide for evaluation of the apparent density physical characteristic of powders. The density
measured bears a relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume press cavity when parts are being made. The
degree of correlation between the results of this test and the quality of powders in use will vary with each particular application.
5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluation of an important physical characteristic of a powder known as the apparent
density. The measured apparent density bears a relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume die cavity. The
degree of correlation between the results of this test and the performance of powders during use may vary with each particular
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as B212–99. DOI:
10.1520/B0212-99R06.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B212 – 99(2006) . DOI:
10.1520/B0212-09.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B212–09
application. Note, however, that the presence of moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes, and the temperature of the powder
mass may alter the physical characteristics of the powder.
6. Apparatus
3
6.1 Powder Flowmeter Funnel —A Hall flowmeterFlowmeter funnel (Fig. 1) having a calibr
...
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