ASTM D4410-16

Terminology for Fluvial Sediment

SCOPE
1.1 These terms are to be used by persons involved in collecting, reporting, and interpreting information pertaining to sedimentation and hydrologic processes as they apply in the development, use, control, and conservation of water and land resources.  
1.2 Some listed terms and definitions are from other ASTM standards and the source document is given in bold type at the end of the definition.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2015
• ICS: 01.040.07 - Natural and applied sciences (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 07.060 - Geology. Meteorology. Hydrology
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.07 - Sediments, Geomorphology, and Open-Channel Flow

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM D6764-02(2019) - Standard Guide for Collection of Water Temperature, Dissolved-Oxygen Concentrations, Specific Electrical Conductance, and pH Data from Open Channels
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D6145-97(2018) - Standard Guide for Monitoring Sediment in Watersheds
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D4823-95(2019) - Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D5387-93(2019) - Standard Guide for Elements of a Complete Data Set for Non-Cohesive Sediments
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D4822-88(2019) - Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D6326-22 - Standard Practice for Selection of Maximum Transit-Rate Ratios and Depths for the U.S. Series of Isokinetic Suspended-Sediment Samplers
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D3976-22 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D5073-21 - Standard Practice for Depth Measurement of Surface Water
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D6146-97(2018) - Standard Guide for Monitoring Aqueous Nutrients in Watersheds
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D3977-97(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Determining Sediment Concentration in Water Samples
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D5906-21 - Standard Guide for Measuring Horizontal Positioning During Measurements of Surface Water Depths
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM F2664-19e1 - Standard Guide for Assessing the Attachment of Cells to Biomaterial Surfaces by Physical Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM G208-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Evaluating and Qualifying Oilfield and Refinery Corrosion Inhibitors Using Jet Impingement Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM G184-06(2020)e1 - Standard Practice for Evaluating and Qualifying Oil Field and Refinery Corrosion Inhibitors Using Rotating Cage
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM G170-06(2020)e1 - Standard Guide for Evaluating and Qualifying Oilfield and Refinery Corrosion Inhibitors in the Laboratory
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM G185-06(2020)e1 - Standard Practice for Evaluating and Qualifying Oil Field and Refinery Corrosion Inhibitors Using the Rotating Cylinder Electrode
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4410 − 16
Terminology for
1
Fluvial Sediment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4410; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope accretion, n—a process of sediment accumulation.
1.1 These terms are to be used by persons involved in
agglomeration or flocculation, n—the coalescence of dis-
collecting, reporting, and interpreting information pertaining to
persed suspended matter into large flocs or particles which
sedimentation and hydrologic processes as they apply in the
settle rapidly.
development, use, control, and conservation of water and land
aggradation, n—the geologic process by which stream beds,
resources.
floodplains,andthebottomsofotherwaterbodiesareraised
1.2 Some listed terms and definitions are from otherASTM
in elevation by the deposition of material eroded and
standards and the source document is given in bold type at the
transported by water from other areas.
end of the definition.
alluvial channel, n—see alluvial stream.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
alluvial deposit, n—sediment deposited by the action of
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
moving water.
standard.
alluvial fans, n—sediment deposited in the shape of a segment
2. Referenced Documents
of a cone formed because of a sudden flattening of a stream
2
gradient especially at debouchures of tributaries on main
2.1 ASTM Standards:
stream flood plains.
D5614 Test Method for Open Channel Flow Measurement
of Water with Broad-Crested Weirs
alluvial stream, n—a stream whose boundary is composed of
D5640 Guide for Selection of Weirs and Flumes for Open-
appreciable quantities of the sediments transported by the
Channel Flow Measurement of Water
flowandwhichgenerallychangesitsbedformsastherateof
D5674 Guide for Operation of a Gaging Station
flow changes.
D6855 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Below 5
alluviation, n—the process of accumulating sediment deposits
NTU in Static Mode
at places where the flow is retarded.
D6698 Test Method for On-Line Measurement of Turbidity
Below 5 NTU in Water
alluvium, n—a general term for all fluvial deposits resulting
D7937 Test Method for In-situ Determination of Turbidity
directly or indirectly from the sediment transport of (mod-
Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Surface Water
ern) streams, thus including the sediments laid down in
riverbeds, flood plains, lakes, fans, and estuaries.
3. Terminology
ambient light, n—light or optical path or both that does not
3.1 Terms and Definitions:
originate from the light source of a turbidimeter. D7937
accelerated erosion, n—erosion at a rate greater than geologic
or natural erosion.
antidunes, n—bed forms that occur at a velocity higher than
DISCUSSION—Accelerated erosion is usually associated with anthro-
that velocity which forms dunes and plane beds.
pogenic activities and usually reduces plant cover and increases runoff.
DISCUSSION—Antidunes commonly move upstream, and are accom-
panied by, and in phase with, waves on the water surface.
armoring, n—the formation of a resistant layer of relatively
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, large particles by erosion of the finer particles.
Geomorphology, and Open-Channel Flow.
attenuation, n—the amount of incident light that is scattered
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originally
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4410 – 10. DOI:
and absorbed before reaching a detector, which is geometri-
10.1520/D4410-16.
cally centered at 180° relative to the centerline of the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
incident light beam. D7937
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
DISCUSSION—Attenuation is inversely proportional to transmitted
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. signal.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4410 − 16
DISCUSSION—These standards may be used to calibrate the instru-
Attenuated Turbidity 5 Absorbed Light1Scattered Light (1)
ment.All meters should read equivalent values for formazin standards.
DISCUSSION—The application of att
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4410 − 10 D4410 − 16
Terminology for
1
Fluvial Sediment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4410; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These terms are to be used by persons involved in collecting, reporting, and interpreting information pertaining to
sedimentation and hydrologic processes as they apply in the development, use, control, and conservation of water and land
resources.
1.2 Some listed terms and definitions are from other ASTM standards and the source document is given in bold type at the end
of the definition.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5614 Test Method for Open Channel Flow Measurement of Water with Broad-Crested Weirs
D5640 Guide for Selection of Weirs and Flumes for Open-Channel Flow Measurement of Water
D5674 Guide for Operation of a Gaging Station
D6855 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Below 5 NTU in Static Mode
D6698 Test Method for On-Line Measurement of Turbidity Below 5 NTU in Water
D7937 Test Method for In-situ Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Surface Water
3. Terminology
3.1 Terms and Definitions:
accelerated erosion—erosion, n—erosion at a rate greater than geologic or natural erosion.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomorphology,
and Open-Channel Flow.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010Jan. 1, 2016. Published March 2010February 2016. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20032010 as
D4410 – 03.D4410 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/D4410-10.10.1520/D4410-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
DISCUSSION—
Accelerated erosion is usually associated with anthropogenic activities and usually reduces plant cover and increases runoff.
accretion—accretion, n—a process of sediment accumulation.
agglomeration or flocculation, n—the coalescence of dispersed suspended matter into large flocs or particles which settle rapidly.
aggradation—aggradation, n—the geologic process by which stream beds, flood plains, and the bottoms of other water bodies
are raised in elevation by the deposition of material eroded and transported by water from other areas.
alluvial channel, n—see alluvial stream.
alluvial deposit—deposit, n—sediment deposited by the action of moving water.
alluvial fans, n—sediment deposited in the shape of a segment of a cone formed because of a sudden flattening of a stream gradient
especially at debouchures of tributaries on main stream flood plains.
alluvial stream, n—a stream whose boundary is composed of appreciable quantities of the sediments transported by the flow and
which generally changes its bed forms as the rate of flow changes.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4410 − 16
alluviation—alluviation, n—the process of accumulating sediment deposits at places where the flow is retarded.
alluvium—alluvium, n—a general term for all fluvial deposits resulting directly or indirectly from the sediment transport of
(modern) streams, thus including the sediments laid down in riverbeds, flood plains, lakes, fans, and estuaries.
ambient light, n—light or optical path or both that does not originate from the light source of a turbidimeter. D7937
antidunes, n—bed forms that occur at a velocity higher than that velocity which forms dunes and plane beds.
DISCUSSION—
Antidunes commonly move upstream, and are accompanied by, and in phase with, waves on the water surface.
armoring—armoring, n—the formation of a resistant layer of relatively large particles by erosion of the finer particles.
attenuation, n—the amount of incident light that is scattered and absorbed before reaching a detector, which is geometrically
centered at 180° relative to the centerline of the incident light beam. D7937
DISCUSSION—
Attenuation is in
...