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ASTM D6227-99

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Grade 82 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline

Standard Specification for Grade 82 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline

SCOPE
1.1 Grade 82 unleaded aviation gasoline defined by this specification is for use only in engines and associated aircraft that are specifically approved by the engine and aircraft manufacturers, and certified by the National Certifying Agencies to use this fuel. This fuel is not considered suitable for use in other engines and associated aircraft that are certified to use aviation gasolines meeting Specification D910.  
1.2 A fuel may be certified to meet this specification by a producer as Grade 82 UL aviation gasoline, only if blended from component(s) approved for use in Grade 82 UL aviation gasoline by the refiner(s) of such components because only the refiner(s) can attest to the component source and processing, absence of contamination, and the additives used and their concentrations. Consequently, re-classifying and any other product to Grade 82 UL aviation gasoline does not meet this specification.  
1.3 Appendix XI contains an explanation for the rationale of the specification. Appendix X2 details the reasons for the individual specification requirements.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-2000
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.J0.02 - Aviation Piston Engine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6227-00 - Standard Specification for Grade 82 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
Effective Date
10-Dec-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7960-21 - Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing Non-hydrocarbon Components
Effective Date
10-Dec-2000
Referred By
ASTM D6469-20 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
Effective Date
10-Dec-2000
Referred By
ASTM F2507-15 - Standard Specification for Recreational Airpark Design
Effective Date
10-Dec-2000
Referred By
ASTM E1259-23 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Antimicrobials in Liquid Fuels Boiling Below 390 °C
Effective Date
10-Dec-2000
Referred By
ASTM D4529-17 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
Effective Date
10-Dec-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7826-23a - Standard Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives
Effective Date
10-Dec-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7464-20 - Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Liquid Fuels, Associated Materials and Fuel System Components for Microbiological Testing
Effective Date
10-Dec-2000

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ASTM D6227-99 - Standard Specification for Grade 82 Unleaded Aviation GasolineASTM D6227-99 - Standard Specification for Grade 82 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
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ASTM D6227-99 - Standard Specification for Grade 82 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 6227 – 99 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
1
Grade 82 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6227; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
2
1. Scope D 910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines
D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
1.1 Grade 82 unleaded aviation gasoline defined by this
2
(Lamp Method)
specification is for use only in engines and associated aircraft
2
D 2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
that are specifically approved by the engine and aircraft
2
D 2392 Test Method for Color of Dyed Aviation Gasolines
manufacturers, and certified by the National Certifying Agen-
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
cies to use this fuel. This fuel is not considered suitable for use
5
X-Ray Spectrometry
in other engines and associated aircraft that are certified to use
D 2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
aviation gasolines meeting Specification D 910.
5
Ignition Engine Fuel
1.2 A fuel may be certified to meet this specification by a
D 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
producer as Grade 82 UL aviation gasoline, only if blended
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
from component(s) approved for use in Grade 82 UL aviation
5
lometry
gasoline by the refiner(s) of such components because only the
5
D 3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
refiner(s) can attest to the component source and processing,
D 3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic
absence of contamination, and the additives used and their
5
Absorption Spectroscopy
concentrations. Consequently, re-classifying of any other prod-
D 3338 Test Method for Estimation of Heat of Combustion
uct to Grade 82 UL aviation gasoline does not meet this
5
of Aviation Fuels
specification.
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.3 Appendix X1 contains an explanation for the rationale
5
Petroleum Products
of the specification. Appendix X2 details the reasons for the
5
D 4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
individual specification requirements.
D 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5
Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
D 4529 Test Method for Estimate of Net Heat of Combus-
information only.
5
tion of Aviation Fuels
2. Referenced Documents
D 4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Intermediate
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6
2
Precision Method)
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
D 4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from
2
TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol, and C to C Alco-
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test 1 4
6
hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
D 357 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Motor
3
D 4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
Fuels Below 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method
6
Gasoline Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
D 381 Test Method for Existent Gum in Fuels by Jet
2
D 5059 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-
Evaporation
6
troscopy
D 873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels
2
D 5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
(Potential Residue Method)
6
ucts (Automatic Method)
D 909 Test Method for Knock Characteristics of Aviation
4
D 5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
Gasolines by the Supercharge Method
6
ucts (Mini Method)
D 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
Light Hydrocarbons, Motor Fuels, and Oils by Ultra Violet
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
6
Fluorescence
D02.J0.02 on Aviation Gasoline Specifications.
Current edition approved June 10, 1999. Published August 1999. Originally D 5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
6
published as D 6227-98. Last previous edition D 6227-98.
ucts (Mini Method/Atmospheric)
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
Discontinued 1969, See Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 17, Replaced by
5
D 2700. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
4 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
5.2 Existing methods allow the hydrogen content to be calculated from other parameters or determined by combustion techniques. The method specified provides a quick, simple, and more precise alternative to these methods.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels.  
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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
5.2 This guide is not an approval process. It is intended to describe test and analysis requirements necessary to generate data to support specification development. This guide does not address the approval process for ASTM International standards.  
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5.4 This guide does not purport to specify an all-inclusive listing of test and analysis requirements to achieve ASTM International approval ...
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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
1.2 This data is intended to be used by the ASTM subcommittee to make a determination of the suitability of the fuel for use as an aviation fuel in either a fleet-wide or limited capacity, and to make a determination that the proposed properties and criteria in the associated standard specification provide the necessary controls to ensure this fuel maintains this suitability during high-volume production.  
1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the acidity in aviation turbine fuel in the range from 0.000 mg/g to 0.100 mg/g KOH.  
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5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
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1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
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1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
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Standard Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
5.2 This test method provides a simple and more precise alternative to existing test methods, specifically combustion techniques (Test Methods D5291) for determining the hydrogen content on a range of petroleum products.
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5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of 101.3 kPa (one atmosphere) against vacuum. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and 176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
Note 1: When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
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1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 12).  
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1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
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1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
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1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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