ASTM D7421-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This laboratory test method can be used to quickly determine extreme pressure properties of lubricating oils at selected temperatures specified for use in applications where not only high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present with high Hertzian point contact. This test method has found wide application in qualifying lubricating oils used in constant velocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles, gear-hydraulic circuit, rear axles, gears and engine components. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining extreme pressure properties of lubricating oils for hydraulics, gears, and engines under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test machine.
Note 1: This test method was developed and the international round robin tests were jointly performed with the DIN 51834 working group. This procedure is based on the 2005 revision of Test Method D5706 for greases and differs regarding the stroke length and the cleaning solvent.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7421 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating
Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test
1
Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7421; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
3
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining 2.2 DIN Standards:
extreme pressure properties of lubricating oils for hydraulics, DIN 51631:1999–04 Mineral spirits; special boiling point
gears, and engines under high-frequency linear-oscillation spirits; requirements
DIN EN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, alloy steels and
motion using the SRV test machine.
NOTE 1—This test method was developed and the international round
free-cutting steels—Part 17 : Ball and roller bearing steels
robin tests were jointly performed with the DIN 51834 working group.
[Replaces DIN 17230-1980]
This procedure is based on the 2005 revision of Test Method D5706 for
DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifica-
greases and differs regarding the stroke length and the cleaning solvent.
tions (GPS)—Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
having stratified functional properties—Part 2: Height
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
characterization using linear material ratio curve [Re-
standard.
placement of DIN 4776:1990: Measurement of surface
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the roughness; parameters R ,R ,R ,M ,M for the
K PK VK r1 r2
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
description of the material portion]
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 break-in, n—in tribology, an initial transition process
2. Referenced Documents
occurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accom-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
panied by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or
A295/A295M Specification for High-Carbon Anti-Friction
both, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribological
Bearing Steel
system’s long-term behavior. G40
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
3.1.2 coeffıcient of friction, µorf, n—in tribology, the
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
dimensionless ratio of the friction force (F) between two
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
bodies to the normal force (N) pressing these bodies together.
Fuels, and Lubricants
G40
D5706 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure
3.1.3 Hertzian contact area, n—apparent area of contact
Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-
between two nonconforming solid bodies pressed against each
Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
other, as calculated from Hertz’s equations of elastic deforma-
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
tion published in 1881. G40
Steel
3.1.4 Hertzian contact pressure, n—magnitude of the pres-
sure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, as
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of calculated from Hertz’s equations of elastic deformation. The
Subcommittee D02.L0.11 on Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and
Hertzian contact pressure can also be calculated and reported
Lubricates.
as maximum value P in the centre of the contact or as
max
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published February 2017. Originally
P as average over the total contact area. D4175
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7421 – 11. DOI: average
10.1520/D7421-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN, Deutsches Institut fur Normung
the ASTM website. e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany, http://www.en.din.de.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7421 − 16
3.1.5 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both between
them.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7421 − 11 D7421 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating
Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test
1
Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7421; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining extreme pressure properties of lubricating oils for hydraulics, gears,
and engines under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test machine.
NOTE 1—This test method was developed and the international round robin tests were jointly performed with the DIN 51834 working group. This
procedure is based on the 2005 revision of Test Method D5706 for greases and differs regarding the stroke length and the cleaning solvent.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A295/A295M Specification for High-Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing Steel
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D5706 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-Frequency, Linear-
Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
D6425 Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils Using SRV Test
Machine
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
3
2.2 DIN Standards:
DIN 51631:199951631:1999–04 Mineral spirits; special boiling point spirits; requirements
DIN EN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels – Part steels—Part 17 : Ball and roller bearing steels
(Replaces[Replaces DIN 17230-1980)17230-1980]
DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Surface (GPS)—Surface texture: Profile method;
Surfaces having stratified functional properties – Part properties—Part 2: Height characterization using linear material ratio
curve [Replacement of DIN 4776:1990: Measurement of surface roughness; parameters R , R , R , M , M for the
K PK VK r1 r2
description of the material portion]
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 break-in, n—in tribology, an initial transition process occurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accompanied
by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or both, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribological system’s long-term
behavior. G40
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L0 on Industrial Lubricants and Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2016. Published March 2012February 2017. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20082011 as
D7421D7421 – 11.–08. DOI: 10.1520/D7421-11.10.1520/D7421-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN, Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany, http://www.en.din.de.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7421 − 16
3.1.2 coeffıcient of friction, μ or f,n—in tribology, the dimensionless ratio of the friction force (F) between two bodies to the
normal force (N) pressing these bodies together. G40
3.1.3 Hertzian contact area, n—apparent area of contact between two nonconforming solid bodies pressed against each other,
...
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