ASTM D3107-07(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns
Standard Test Methods for Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are used to determine the stretch, growth and recovery properties that garments made with the fabric tested may be expected to exhibit during use.
5.2 These test methods is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because the between-laboratory precision is known to be poor.
5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. Use test samples that are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.3 Some stretch fabrics are constructed with stretch yarns in only the filling direction. Consequently, for those fabrics, only the filling direction needs to be tested.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amount of fabric stretch, fabric growth, and fabric recovery of fabrics woven in whole or in part from stretch yarns after a specified tension and extension.
1.2 These test methods are intended for use with woven fabrics exhibiting high stretch (greater than 12 %) and good recovery properties from low tension (up to 360 g/cm or 2 lb/in. of fabric width). When agreed upon, these test methods can be used for fabrics woven in whole or in part from non-stretch yarns that exhibit limits within the stretch characteristics shown above.
1.3 These test methods allow the use of two tension options commonly used in the textile industry; 1.35 kg (3 lb) and 1.8 kg (4 lb). Several calculations are included for fabric stretch, fabric growth and fabric recovery, and can be used individually when required by individual specifications.
1.4 These test methods should not be used to measure breaking elongation of woven fabrics which is covered in Test Method D5035.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3107 − 07 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Methods for
Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
amount of fabric stretch, fabric growth, and fabric recovery of
fabrics woven in whole or in part from stretch yarns after a
2. Referenced Documents
specified tension and extension.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 These test methods are intended for use with woven
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
fabrics exhibiting high stretch (greater than 12 %) and good
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
recovery properties from low tension (up to 360 g/cm or 2
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
lb/in. of fabric width). When agreed upon, these test methods
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-
can be used for fabrics woven in whole or in part from
drawn 2008)
non-stretch yarns that exhibit limits within the stretch charac-
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
teristics shown above.
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
1.3 These test methods allow the use of two tension options
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
commonly used in the textile industry; 1.35 kg (3 lb) and 1.8
Related Properties of Textiles
kg (4 lb). Several calculations are included for fabric stretch,
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
fabricgrowthandfabricrecovery,andcanbeusedindividually
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
when required by individual specifications.
Methods
1.4 These test methods should not be used to measure
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
breaking elongation of woven fabrics which is covered in Test
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
Method D5035.
3. Terminology
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
3.1 For all terminology related to Fabric, refer to Terminol-
the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values
ogy D4850.
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.2 For all terminology related to Yarns and Fiber, refer to
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Terminology D4849.
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with the specification.
3.3 For all terminology related to Force, Deformation and
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the Related Properties of Textiles, refer to Terminology D4848.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
bench marks, fabric stretch, fabric growth, stretch yarn, ten-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
sion.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.4 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
Terminology D123.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Methods, General. Current edition approved July 1, 2019. Published July 2019. the ASTM website.
Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
D3107 – 07(2015). DOI: 10.1520/D3107-07R19. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3107 − 07 (2019)
4. Summary of Test Methods 6. Apparatus
4.1 Fabric Stretch under a Specified Tension—Bench marks 6.1 Stretch Testing Instrument consisting of the following:
6.1.1 Frame or Board with a fixed clamp at the top.
ofaknowndistancearemadeonafabricspecimen.Aspecified
tension is applied to a fabric specimen by a prescribed 6.1.2 Separate Clamp, or other means of attaching a weight
with a known mass to the bottom of the test specimen.
technique and the resulting distance between bench marks
whilethespecimenisunderthetensionismeasured.Thefabric 6.1.3 Dowel Pin,orequivalent,approximately6mm( ⁄4 in.)
diameter
stretch is calculated from the length difference between bench
marks prior to application of the tension and while under the 6.1.4 Scale, to measure the span of bench marks on the
specimen graduated either in units of percent of original gauge
tension.
length or 1 mm (0.5 in) 6 0.1 %.
4.2 Fabric Growth after a Specified Tension—Bench marks
6.1.5 Locking Mechanism, for the bottom clamp to maintain
ofaknowndistancearemadeonafabricspecimen.Aspecified
specimen extension.
tension is applied to a fabric specimen by a prescribed
6.2 Tensioning Weights, for each position, with an attached
technique. The tension is removed and after various time
hook, when combined with the clamp described in 6.1.2 and
intervals, the relaxed distance between the bench marks is
the dowel pin described in 6.1.3 provides a total mass of 1.8 kg
remeasured. The fabric growth is calculated from the length
(4 lb) for option 1 or 1.35 kg (3 lb) for option 2, each having
difference between the bench marks prior to application of the
tolerances of (61 %).
tension and after relaxation.
6.3 Sanforized Marker or equivalent, to make the bench
4.3 Fabric Growth after Stretching to a Specified
marks.
Extension—Bench marks of a known distance are made on a
fabric specimen. A specimen, paired to one used in the fabric
6.4 Timer, with increments of at least 10 s.
stretch test, is held at a specified extension for a prescribed
7. Sampling and Test Specimens
period of time.The tension is then removed from the specimen
andthedistancebetweenthebenchmarksismeasuredafterthe
7.1 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
specimen has been allowed to relax for various time intervals.
a random number of shipping units directed in a applicable
The fabric growth at each time interval is calculated from the
material specification or other agreement between the pur-
distance between the bench marks of the specimen prior to
chaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric or fabric
stretching and the length after each relaxation period at zero
components of fabricated systems to be the primary sampling
tension.
unit, as applicable.
4.4 Fabric Recovery—Fabric recovery is calculated as the
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
percentage of the fabric growth recovered with respect to the
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
between shipping units, between packages within a shipping unit, and
fabric growth determined after tension and/or after a specified
between specimens from a single package to provide a sampling with a
extension obtained at the various relaxation intervals.
meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level and
limiting quality level.
5. Significance and Use
7.2 Laboratory Sampling Unit—As a laboratory sampling
5.1 These test methods are used to determine the stretch,
unit take from rolls at least one full-width piece of fabric that
growth and recovery properties that garments made with the
is1m(1yd)in length along the selvage (machine direction),
fabric tested may be expected to exhibit during use.
after removing a first1m(1yd) length. For fabric components
of fabricated systems use the entire system.
5.2 These test methods is not recommended for acceptance
testing of commercial shipments because the between-
7.3 Test Specimens and Preparation—From each laboratory
laboratory precision is known to be poor.
sampling unit, take three pairs of test specimens 65 by 560 mm
5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
(2.5 by 22 in.) with the long direction parallel to the test
tween reported test results for two or more laboratories,
direction. Take specimens representing a broad distribution
comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to
from different positions diagonally across the width of the
determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using
laboratory sampling unit. Label to maintain specimen identity.
competent statistical assistance. Use test samples that are as
7.3.1 When an end-use product or garment is provided, take
homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from
specimens from different areas. That is, if the product is a
which the disparate test results were obtained, and are ran-
garment worn on the upper body, if possible, take specimens
domlyassignedinequalnumberstoeachlaboratoryfortesting.
from the shoulder, shirt tail, shirt back and front, and sleeve. In
The test results from the two laboratories should be compared
some cases, the size of the specimen panels may not always
using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level
allow taking 560 mm (22 in.) long specimens in the test
chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its
direction.
causemustbefoundandcorrected,orfuturetestresultsforthat
7.3.2 For fabric widths 125 mm (5 in.) or more, take no
material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
specimen closer than 25 mm (1 in.) from the selvage edges of
the laboratory sampling unit.
5.3 Some stretch fabrics are constructed with stretch yarns
in only the filling direction. Consequently, for those fabrics,
only the filling direction needs to be tested. Apparatus is commercially available.
D3107 − 07 (2019)
7.3.3 For fabric widths less than 125 mm (5 in.), use the directed in 10.3.6.1 through 10.3.6.2. Measure the distance
entire width of the laboratory sampling unit for specimens. (fabric stretch) between the bench marks to the nearest 1 % of
7.3.4 Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, or original gauge length while the fabric is under the specified
wrinkles.Avoidgettingoil,water,grease,etc.onthespecimens tension as follows. In the absence of a material specification or
when handling. contract order, use 10.3.6.2.
7.3.5 If the fabric has a pattern, ensure that the specimens 10.3.6.1 Immediately (within 10 s). Record as distance A.
are a representative sampling of the pattern. 10.3.6.2 After 30 6 1 min. Record as distance B.
7.3.6 Ravel the specimens to a width of 50 6 1 mm (2.00 6
10.4 Fabric Growth After Applying a Specified Tension:
0.05 in.) taking approximately the same number of yarns from
10.4.1 After following the directions in 10.3, remove the
each side of the specimen.
tension weight and allow to recover without tension. Deter-
7.3.7 Fold one end of the specimen 32 mm (1.25 in.) and
mine fabric growth after specified tension as applicable to a
stitch a seam approximately 25 mm (1 in.) from the fold.
material specification or contact order as directed in 10.4.1.1 –
7.3.8 Cut a slit approximately 10 mm ( ⁄8 in.) long in the
10.4.1.5. Measure the distance between bench marks to the
center of the strip on the fold.
nearest 1 % of original gauge length after the tension is
7.3.9 Lay the specimen on a smooth flat surface and allow
removed as follows. In the absence of a material specification
to relax for 30 min.
or contract order, use 10.4.1.2.
10.4.1.1 Immediate (within 10 s). Record as distance C.
8. Conditioning
10.4.1.2 After 30 6 1 s record as distance D.
8.1 Bring the test specimens to moisture equilibrium for
10.4.1.3 After 30 6 1 min record as distance E.
testing in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as
10.4.1.4 After 1 h 6 1 min record as distance F.
directed in Practice D1776 or, if applicable, in the specified
10.4.1.5 After 2 h 6 1 min record as distance G.
atmosphere in which the testing is to be performed.
10.4.2 Remove the tested specimens, in turn, and continue
as directed in section 10.3 and 10.4 until three specimens have
9. Preparation of Test Apparatus and Calibration
been tested for each laboratory sampling unit.
9.1 Verify measuring scales and tension weights are within
10.5 Fabric Growth after Stretching to a Specified Exten-
calibration.
sion:
10.5.1 Place the second specimen of the pair in the stretch
10. Procedure
testing equipment as directed in 10.3.1, then measure and
10.1 Test the test specimens in the standard atmosphere for
recordthedistancebetweenthebenchmarkstothenearest1 %
testing textiles, as described in Practice D1776. Handle the test
of original gauge and record as Distance O (original before
specimens carefully to avoid altering the natural state of the
stretch).
material.
10.5.2 Extend the specimen 85 % of the average fabric
10.2 Placebenchmarksatleast250 61mm(10 60.05in.)
stretch calculated in 11.1.1, Eq 2 and hold for a period of 30 6
apart in the center of the specimen.
1 min. Record as distance H.
10.5.3 After 30 6 1 min, release the specimen from the
10.3 Fabric Stretch After Applying a Specified Tension:
bottom clamp and allow it to hang freely.
10.3.1 Select the tension option (1) 1.8 kg (4.0 lb) or (2)
10.5.4 Determine fabric growth after extension as appli-
1.35 kg (3 lb) as directed in a material specification or contract
cable to a material specification or contract order as directed in
order. In the absence of a material specification or contract
10.5.4.1–10.5.4.4.Measurethedistancebetweenbenchmarks
order use option 1.
to the nearest 1 % of original gauge length after the tension is
10.3.2 Clamp the end of one specimen in the top clamp of
removed as follows. In the absence of a material specification
the stretch tester so that the folded and sewn loop end hangs
or contract order, use 10.5.4.2.
freely.
10.5.4.1 After 30 6 1 s record as distance I.
10.3.3 Measure and record the distance between the bench
10.5.4.2 After 30 6 1 mi
...
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