ASTM D1245-17

Standard Practice for Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical Microscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Chemical composition of water-formed deposits is a major indicator of proper or improper chemical treatment of process water, and is often an indicator of operational parameters as well, for example, temperature control. This practice allows for rapid determination of constituents present in these deposits, particularly those indications of improper water treatment, since they usually have very distinctive and easily recognized optical properties.  
5.2 This practice, where applicable, eliminates the need for detailed chemical analysis, which is time-consuming, and which does not always reveal how cations and anions are mutually bound.  
5.3 Qualitative use of this practice should be limited to those deposits whose control is generally known or predictable, based on treatment and feedwater mineral content, and whose constituents are crystalline, or in other ways optically or morphologically distinctive. If these criteria are not met, other techniques of analysis should be used, such as Practice D2332 or Test Methods D3483, or both.  
5.4 Quantitative use of this practice should be limited to estimates only. For more precise quantitative results, other methods should be used (see 5.3).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the examination of water-formed deposits by means of chemical microscopy. This practice may be used to complement other methods of examination of water-formed deposits as recommended in Practices D2331 or it may be used alone when no other instrumentation is available or when the sample size is very small.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2017
• ICS: 13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM D887-13(2022) - Standard Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM E772-15(2021) - Standard Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D3223-17 - Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in Water
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D2331-08(2022) - Standard Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed Deposits
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM E284-22 - Standard Terminology of Appearance
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1245 − 17
Standard Practice for
Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical
1
Microscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence
D3483TestMethodsforAccumulatedDepositioninaSteam
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the examination
Generator Tube
of water-formed deposits by means of chemical microscopy.
This practice may be used to complement other methods of
3. Terminology
examination of water-formed deposits as recommended in
Practices D2331 or it may be used alone when no other
3.1 Definitions:
instrumentation is available or when the sample size is very
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard relating
small.
specifically to water and water-formed deposits, refer to
Terminology D1129.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard.
3.2.1 Certain terms in this practice that relate specifically to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
chemical microscopy are described as follows:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 anisotropic, adj—havingdifferentopticalpropertiesin
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
different optical planes.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—These planes are referred to as the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
alpha, beta, and omega axes.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.3 Becke line, n—a faint, halo-like line that surrounds a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
crystal when the crystal is mounted in an oil of different
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
refractive index.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.3.1 Discussion—TheBeckelineincreasesinintensityas
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the difference in the refractive index between the crystal and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the oil increases.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.4 dispersion, n—thevariationofindexofrefractionwith
2
wavelength.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D887Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
3.2.5 dispersion staining, n—the color effects produced
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
when a transparent object, immersed in a liquid having a
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
refractive index near that of the object, is viewed under the
D2331Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of
microscope by transmitted white light and precise aperture
Water-Formed Deposits
control.
D2332Practice for Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits by
3.2.6 extinction angle, n—the angle between the extinction
position and some plane, edge, or line in a crystal.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and
3.2.7 extinction position, n—the position in which an aniso-
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
tropic crystal, between crossed polars, exhibits complete dark-
Water-Formed Deposits,Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
ness.
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally
3.2.8 index of refraction, n—thenumericalexpressionofthe
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1245–11. DOI:
ratioofthevelocityoflightinavacuumtothevelocityoflight
10.1520/D1245-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or in a substance.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.9 isotropic, adj—having the same optical properties in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. all directions.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1245 − 17
3.2.10 petrographic, adj—pertaining to the description of 7. Apparatus
rocks or rocklike substances.
7.1 Beakers, of borosilicate glass, 30-mL.
3.2.10.1 Discussion—Suchdescriptionisusuallyintermsof
1
7.2 Cover Glasses, No. 1 or No. 1 ⁄2 thickness, round or
morphology and optical properties.
square
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1245 − 11 D1245 − 17
Standard Practice for
Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical
1
Microscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the examination of water-formed deposits by means of chemical microscopy. This
practice may be used to complement other methods of examination of water-formed deposits as recommended in Practices D2331
or it may be used alone when no other instrumentation is available or when the sample size is very small.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D887 Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2331 Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed Deposits
D2332 Practice for Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits by Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence
D3483 Test Methods for Accumulated Deposition in a Steam Generator Tube
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions: For definitions of terms in this practice relating specifically to water and water-formed deposits,
refer to Terminology D1129.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard relating specifically to water and water-formed deposits, refer to Terminology
D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 Certain terms in this practice that relate specifically to chemical microscopy are described as follows:
3.2.2 anisotropic, adj—having different optical properties in different optical planes.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and Water-Formed
Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011June 1, 2017. Published May 2011June 2017. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 20082011 as
D1245 – 08.D1245 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D1245-11.10.1520/D1245-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
These planes are referred to as the alpha, beta, and omega axes.
3.2.3 Becke line, n—a faint, halo-like line that surrounds a crystal when the crystal is mounted in an oil of different refractive
index.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1245 − 17
3.2.3.1 Discussion—
The Becke line increases in intensity as the difference in the refractive index between the crystal and the oil increases.
3.2.4 dispersion, n—the variation of index of refraction with wavelength.
3.2.5 dispersion staining, n—the color effects produced when a transparent object, immersed in a liquid having a refractive
index near that of the object, is viewed under the microscope by transmitted white light and precise aperture control.
3.2.6 extinction angle, n—the angle between the extinction position and some plane, edge, or line in a crystal.
3.2.7 extinction position, n—the position in which an anisotropic crystal, between crossed polars, exhibits complete darkness.
3.2.8 index of refraction, n—the numerical expression of the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the velocity of light
in a substance.
3.2.9 isotr
...