ASTM E1756-08(2015)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Solids in Biomass
Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Solids in Biomass
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Moisture is a ubiquitous and variable component of any biomass sample. Moisture is not considered a structural component of biomass and can change with storage and handling of biomass samples. The determination of the total solids content allows for the correction of biomass samples to an oven-dried solids mass that is constant for a particular sample.
4.2 This procedure is not suitable for biomass samples that visibly change on heating to 105°C, for example, unwashed acid-pretreated biomass still containing free acid.
4.3 Some materials that contain large amount of free sugars or proteins will caramelize or brown under direct infrared heating elements used in Test Method B. Total solids in these materials should be done by Test Method A.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of total solids remaining after drying a sample. Materials suitable for this procedure include samples prepared in accordance with Practice E1757 and extractive-free material prepared in accordance with Test Method E1690. For particulate wood fuels, Test Method E871 should be used.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E1756 −08 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Total Solids in Biomass
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1756; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The total solids content is used to adjust the mass of the biomass so that all analytical results may
be reported on a moisture-free basis. Total solids content may be determined by overnight drying at
105°C in a convection oven or with a loss-on-drying moisture analyzer.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
of total solids remaining after drying a sample. Materials 3.1.1 oven-dried solids—the solids remaining after heating
suitable for this procedure include samples prepared in accor- the prepared biomass at 105°C to constant mass. For the
dance with Practice E1757 and extractive-free material pre- purposes of this procedure, the moisture content of a biomass
pared in accordance with Test Method E1690. For particulate sample is considered to be the amount of mass lost during the
wood fuels, Test Method E871 should be used. drying of the sample at 105°C to constant mass. An inherent
error of this and any oven-drying procedure is that volatile
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
substances other than water are removed from the sample
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
during drying.
standard.
3.1.2 prepared biomass—the biomass that has been pro-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cessed according to Practice E1757.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Moisture is a ubiquitous and variable component of any
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
biomass sample. Moisture is not considered a structural com-
ponentofbiomassandcanchangewithstorageandhandlingof
2. Referenced Documents
biomass samples. The determination of the total solids content
2.1 ASTM Standards:
allows for the correction of biomass samples to an oven-dried
E871 Test Method for Moisture Analysis of Particulate
solids mass that is constant for a particular sample.
Wood Fuels
4.2 This procedure is not suitable for biomass samples that
E1690 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Extrac-
visibly change on heating to 105°C, for example, unwashed
tives in Biomass
acid-pretreated biomass still containing free acid.
E1757 Practice for Preparation of Biomass for Composi-
tional Analysis
4.3 Some materials that contain large amount of free sugars
or proteins will caramelize or brown under direct infrared
heating elements used in Test Method B. Total solids in these
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on
materials should be done by Test Method A.
Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E48.05 on Biomass Conversion.
5. Apparatus and Materials
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2015.PublishedJuly2015.Originallyapproved
in1995.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2008asE1756-08.DOI:10.1520/E1756-
5.1 Analytical Balance, sensitive to 0.1 mg.
08R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 5.2 Drying Oven, 105 6 3°C (Test Method A only).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.3 Desiccator, containing anhydrous calcium sulfate (Test
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Method A only).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1756−08 (2015)
TABLE 1 Critical Difference, Percent of Grand Average, For the TABLE 2 Width of 95% Confidence Limits, Percent of Grand
A,B A,B
Conditions Noted Average, For the Conditions Noted
Number of Number of
Observations Single Operator Observations Single Operator
Test Conditions Test Conditions
in Precision in Precision
Each Average Each Average
Test Method A, hybrid poplar 1 0.55 Test Method A, hybrid poplar 1 0.39
2 0.39 2 0.28
Test Method A, fermentation residue 1 1.35 Test Method A, fermentation residue 1 0.95
2 0.95 2 0.67
Test Method B, hybrid poplar 1 0.56 Test Method B, hybrid poplar 1 0.40
2 0.40 2 0.28
Test Method B, switchgrass 1 0.89 Test Method B, switchgrass 1 0.63
2 0.63 2 0.45
A A
The critical differences were calculated with z = 1.960. The critical differences were calculated with z = 1.960.
B B
To convert the values of the critical differences to units of measure, multiply the To convert the values of the critical differences to units of measure, multiply the
critical differences by the average of the two specific sets of data being compared critical differences by the average of the two specific sets of data being compared
and divide by 100. and divide by 100.
8. Calculation: Test Method A
8.1 Calculate the mass percent of the total solids obtained
5.4 Moisture Analyzer, infrared heated, 20 g capacity, 1 mg
by drying at 105°C as
resolution (Test Method B only).
%T 5 ~m 2 m !/~m 2 m ! 3100% (1)
5.5 Drying Pans, disposable, aluminum, 10 cm diameter,
105 f1 t i1 t
suitable for moisture analyzer (Test Method B only).
where:
%T = mass percent of total solids based on 105°C dry
6. Sampling
mass,
6.1 The sample is material prepared according to Practice
m = tare mass of dried container,
t
E1757 or extractives-free material prepared according to Test m = initial mass of container and biomass, and
i 1
Method E1690. m = final mass of container and biomass after drying at
f1
105°C.
7. Procedure: Test Method A
9. Procedur
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1756 − 08 E1756 − 08 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Total Solids in Biomass
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1756; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The total solids content is used to adjust the mass of the biomass so that all analytical results may
be reported on a moisture-free basis. Total solids content may be determined by overnight drying at
105°C in a convection oven or with a loss-on-drying moisture analyzer.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of total solids remaining after drying a sample. Materials suitable
for this procedure include samples prepared in accordance with Practice E1757 and extractive-free material prepared in accordance
with Test Method E1690. For particulate wood fuels, Test Method E871 should be used.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E871 Test Method for Moisture Analysis of Particulate Wood Fuels
E1690 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Extractives in Biomass
E1757 Practice for Preparation of Biomass for Compositional Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 oven-dried solids—the solids remaining after heating the prepared biomass at 105°C to constant mass. For the purposes
of this procedure, the moisture content of a biomass sample is considered to be the amount of mass lost during the drying of the
sample at 105°C to constant mass. An inherent error of this and any oven-drying procedure is that volatile substances other than
water are removed from the sample during drying.
3.1.2 prepared biomass—the biomass that has been processed according to Practice E1757.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Moisture is a ubiquitous and variable component of any biomass sample. Moisture is not considered a structural component
of biomass and can change with storage and handling of biomass samples. The determination of the total solids content allows for
the correction of biomass samples to an oven-dried solids mass that is constant for a particular sample.
4.2 This procedure is not suitable for biomass samples that visibly change on heating to 105°C, for example, unwashed
acid-pretreated biomass still containing free acid.
4.3 Some materials that contain large amount of free sugars or proteins will caramelize or brown under direct infrared heating
elements used in Test Method B. Total solids in these materials should be done by Test Method A.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E48.05 on Biomass Conversion.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008June 1, 2015. Published May 2008July 2015. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20012008 as
E1756E1756-01.-08. DOI: 10.1520/E1756-08.10.1520/E1756-08R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1756 − 08 (2015)
5. Apparatus and Materials
5.1 Analytical Balance, sensitive to 0.1 mg.
5.2 Drying Oven, 105 6 3°C (Test Method A only).
5.3 Desiccator, containing anhydrous calcium sulfate (Test Method A only).
TABLE 1 Critical Difference, Percent of Grand Average, For the
A,B
Conditions Noted
Number of
Observations Single Operator
Test Conditions
in Precision
Each Average
Test Method A, hybrid poplar 1 0.55
2 0.39
Test Method A, fermentation residue 1 1.35
2 0.95
Test Method B, hybrid poplar 1 0.56
2 0.40
Test Method B, switchgrass 1 0.89
2 0.63
A
The critical differences were calculated with z = 1.960.
B
To convert the values of the critical differences to units of measure, multiply the
critical differences by the average of the two specific sets of data being compared
and divide by 100.
5.4 Moisture Analyzer, infrared heated, 20 g capacity, 1 mg resolution (Test Method B only).
5.5 Drying Pans, disposable, aluminum, 10 cm diameter, suitable for moisture analyzer (Test Method B only).
6. Sampling
6.1 The sample is material prepared according to Practice E1757 or extractives-free material prepared according to Test Method
E1690.
7. Procedure: Test Method A
7.1 This test method is suitable for either prepared biomass samples or extractives-free material and employs drying the sample
at 105 6 3°C in a drying oven.
7.2 Uniquely mark a suitable container, such as disposable aluminum weighing pan or 50 mL beaker, for each sample and place
in the drying oven at 105°C for at least one hour. Cool the containers to room temperature in the desiccator.
TABLE 2 Width of 95 % Confidence Limits, Percent of Grand
A,B
Average, For the Conditions Noted
Number of
Observations Single Operator
Test Conditions
in Precision
Each Average
Test Method A, hybrid poplar 1 0.39
2 0.28
Test Method A, fermentation residue 1 0.95
2 0.67
Test Method B, hybrid poplar 1 0.40
2 0.28
Test Method B, switchgrass 1 0.63
2 0.45
A
The critical differences were calculated with z = 1.960.
B
To convert the values of the critical differences to units of measure, multi
...
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