ASTM A109/A109M-16(2018)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon (0.25 Maximum Percent), Cold-Rolled
Standard Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon (0.25 Maximum Percent), Cold-Rolled
ABSTRACT
This specification covers cold-rolled carbon steel strip in cut lengths or coils, furnished to closer tolerances than cold-rolled carbon steel sheet. The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. Cold-rolled carbon strip specified to temper numbers shall conform to the Rockwell hardness requirements. Bend tests shall be conducted in accordance with requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cold-rolled carbon steel strip in cut lengths or coils, furnished to closer tolerances than cold-rolled carbon steel sheet, with specific temper, with specific edge or specific finish, and in sizes as follows:
Width, in.
Thickness, in.
Over 1/2 to 2315/16
0.300 and under
Over 12.5 to 600 mm
7.6 mm and under
1.2 Cold-rolled strip is produced with a maximum specified carbon not exceeding 0.25 percent.
1.3 Strip tolerance products may be available in widths wider than 2315/16 in. [600 mm] by agreement between purchaser and supplier. However, such products are technically classified as cold rolled sheet. The tolerances, finishes, tempers, edges, and available widths and thicknesses differentiate cold rolled strip from the product known as cold rolled sheet which is defined by Specification A568/A568M and from cold rolled high carbon strip which is defined by Specification A682/A682M.
1.4 For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
1.5 The SI portions of the tables contained herein list permissible variations in dimensions and mass (see Note 1) in SI (metric) units. The values listed are not exact conversions of the values listed in the inch-pound tables, but instead are rounded or rationalized values. Conformance to SI tolerances is mandatory when the “M” specification is used.
Note 1: The term weight is used when inch-pound units are the standard. However, under SI the preferred term is mass.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A109/A109M −16 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
Steel, Strip, Carbon (0.25 Maximum Percent), Cold-Rolled
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA109/A109M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
1.1 Thisspecificationcoverscold-rolledcarbonsteelstripin
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
cut lengths or coils, furnished to closer tolerances than cold-
with the standard.
rolled carbon steel sheet, with specific temper, with specific
edge or specific finish, and in sizes as follows: 1.7 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable
Width, in. Thickness, in.
“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be
1 15
Over ⁄2 to 23 ⁄16 0.300 and under
furnished to inch-pound units.
Over 12.5 to 600 mm 7.6 mm and under
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 Cold-rolled strip is produced with a maximum specified
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
carbon not exceeding 0.25 percent.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.3 Strip tolerance products may be available in widths
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
wider than 23 ⁄16 in. [600 mm] by agreement between pur-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
chaser and supplier. However, such products are technically
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
classified as cold rolled sheet. The tolerances, finishes,
tempers, edges, and available widths and thicknesses differen- 2. Referenced Documents
tiate cold rolled strip from the product known as cold rolled 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sheetwhichisdefinedbySpecificationA568/A568Mandfrom
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
cold rolled high carbon strip which is defined by Specification
of Steel Products
A682/A682M.
A568/A568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon,
1.4 For the purpose of determining conformance with this Structural,andHigh-Strength,Low-Alloy,Hot-Rolledand
specification, values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the
Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for
right hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting A682/A682M Specification for Steel, Strip, High-Carbon,
values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice
Cold-Rolled, General Requirements For (Withdrawn
E29. 2009)
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
1.5 The SI portions of the tables contained herein list
for Steel Products for Shipment
permissible variations in dimensions and mass (see Note 1)in
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
SI (metric) units.The values listed are not exact conversions of
cal Analysis of Steel Products
the values listed in the inch-pound tables, but instead are
A941 TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
rounded or rationalized values. Conformance to SI tolerances
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
is mandatory when the “M” specification is used.
A1073/A1073M Practice for Using Hand Micrometers to
NOTE 1—The term weight is used when inch-pound units are the
Measure the Thickness of Uncoated Steel Sheet and
standard. However, under SI the preferred term is mass.
Nonmetallic and Metallic-Coated Steel Sheet
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
A01.19 on Steel Sheet and Strip. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as A109/A109M – 16. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/A0109_A0109M-18. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A109/A109M−16 (2018)
E430 TestMethodsforMeasurementofGlossofHigh-Gloss normalizing the furnace atmosphere is controlled to prevent
Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry oxidizing of the strip surface.
2.2 Military Standard:
3.1.7 skin-rolled—a term denoting a relatively light cold
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
rolling operation following annealing. It serves to reduce the
tendency of the steel to flute or stretcher strain during fabrica-
2.3 Federal Standard:
tion. It is also used to impart surface finish, or affect hardness
123 Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies)
or other mechanical properties, or to improve flatness.
183 Continuous Identification Marking of Iron and Steel
Products
3.1.8 temper—a designation by number to indicate the
hardness as a minimum, as a maximum, or as a range. The
3. Terminology
tempers are obtained by the selection and control of chemical
composition, by amounts of cold reduction, by thermal
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 annealing—the process of heating to and holding at a treatment, and by skin-rolling.
suitable temperature and then cooling at a suitable rate, for
3.2 Refer to Terminology A941 for additional definitions of
such purposes as reducing hardness, facilitating cold working,
terms used in this Specification.
producing a desired microstructure, or obtaining desired
mechanical, physical, or other properties. 4. Ordering Information
3.1.1.1 box annealing—involves annealing in a sealed con-
4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
tainer under conditions that minimize oxidation. The strip is
following information, as necessary, to describe adequately the
usually heated slowly to a temperature below the transforma-
desired product:
tionrange,butsometimesaboveorwithinit,andisthencooled
4.1.1 Quantity,
slowly.
4.1.2 Name of material (cold-rolled carbon steel strip),
4.1.3 Condition (oiled or not oiled),
3.1.1.2 continuous annealing—involves heating the strip in
4.1.4 Temper (Section 7),
continuous strands through a furnace having a controlled
4.1.5 Edge (Section 8),
atmosphere followed by a controlled cooling.
4.1.6 Dimensions (Section 9),
3.1.2 carbon steel—the designation for steel when no mini-
4.1.7 Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance (Section 10),
mum content is specified or required for aluminum, chromium,
4.1.8 Coil size requirements (15.2),
cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten,
4.1.9 ASTM designation and year of issue,
vanadium, zirconium or any other element added to obtain a
4.1.10 Copper-bearing steel, if required,
desiredalloyingeffect;whenthespecifiedminimumforcopper
4.1.11 Application (part identification or description),
does not exceed 0.40 % or when the maximum content
4.1.12 Cast or heat analysis (request, if required), and
specified for any of the following elements does not exceed the
4.1.13 Special requirements, if required.
percentage noted: manganese 1.65, silicon 0.60, or copper
0.60. NOTE 2—A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000 lb
Cold-Rolled Strip, Oiled, Temper 4, Edge 3, Finish 3, 0.035 by 9 in. by
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In all carbon steels small quantities of
coil, 5000 lb max, 16-in. ID ASTM A 109-XX, for Toaster Shells.
certain residual elements unavoidably retained from raw ma-
terialsaresometimesfoundwhicharenotspecifiedorrequired,
5. Materials and Manufacture
such as copper, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, and so forth.
5.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, basic-
These elements are considered as incidental and are not
oxygen, or electric-furnace process.
normally reported.
5.2 Cold-rolled carbon steel strip is normally manufactured
3.1.3 cold reduction—the process of reducing the thickness
from continuously cast steel with aluminum used as the
of the strip at room temperature. The amount of reduction is
deoxidizer. However, some applications are specified as silicon
greater than that used in skin-rolling (see 3.1.7).
killed. Ingot cast rimmed, capped and semi-killed steels are
3.1.4 dead soft—the temper of strip produced without defi-
subject to limited availability.
nite control of stretcher straining or fluting. It is intended for
5.3 Cold-rolled carbon steel strip is manufactured from
deep drawing applications where such surface disturbances are
hot-rolled descaled coils by cold reducing to the desired
not objectionable.
thickness on a single stand mill or on a tandem mill consisting
3.1.5 finish—the degree of smoothness or luster of the strip.
of several single stands in series. Sometimes an anneal is used
The production of specific finishes requires special preparation
at some intermediate thickness to facilitate further cold reduc-
and control of the roll surfaces employed.
tion or to obtain desired temper and mechanical properties in
3.1.6 normalizing—heating to a suitable temperature above
the finished strip. An anneal and skin pass is typically used as
the transformation range and then cooling in air to a tempera-
the final step for Temper 4 and 5.
ture substantially below the transformation range. In bright
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis for each heat of steel shall
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentage of
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
quicksearch.dla.mil. elements shown in Table 1. This analysis shall conform to the
A109/A109M−16 (2018)
A
TABLE 1 Heat Analysis
6.4 For applications where cold-rolled strip is to be welded,
Composition– Wt %
caremustbeexercisedinselectionofchemicalcomposition,as
Temper No. Temper No.
well as mechanical properties, for compatibility with the
Element
1, 2, 3 4, 5
welding process and its effect on altering the properties.
Carbon, max 0.25 0.15
Manganese, max 0.90 0.60
7. Temper and Bend Test Requirement
Phosphorous, max 0.025 0.025
Sulfur, max 0.025 0.025
7.1 Cold-rolled carbon strip specified to temper numbers
A
Silicon . .
shall conform to the Rockwell hardness requirements shown in
A,B
Aluminum . .
C
Table 3.
Copper 0.20 0.20
D
Nickel, max 0.20 0.20
7.1.1 When a temper number is not specified, Rockwell
D, E
Chromium, max 0.15 0.15
hardness requirements are established by agreement.
D
Molybdenum, max 0.06 0.06
F
Vanadium . .
7.2 It is recommended that hardness values be specified in
F
Columbium . .
F the same scale as that which will be used in testing the strip.
Titanium . .
A
Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in this table, there is no requirement, but the 7.3 Bend tests shall be conducted at room temperature and
analysis shall be reported unless otherwise specified in this specification.
test specimens shall be capable of being bent to the require-
B
Theanalysisshallbereported.Whenkilledsteelisspecifiedandaluminumisthe
ments shown in Table 4.
deoxidizing element, the minimum is 0.02, and the analysis shall be reported.
C
When copper steel is specified, the copper limit specified is a minimum
requirement. When copper steel is not specified, the copper limit is a maximum
TABLE 3 Hardness Requirements
requirement.
D
INCH-POUND UNITS
The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.50 %
Thickness, in. Rockwell Hardness
on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements is specified, the sum does
Temper Maximum
not apply; in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining elements will
Under Through Minimum
(approx.)
apply.
E
No. 1 (hard) 0.025 . . . 15T90 . . .
Chromium is permitted, at the producer’s option, to 0.25 % maximum when the
0.040 0.025 30T76 . . .
carbonislessthanorequalto0.05 %.Insuchcase,thelimitonthesumofthefour
0.070 0.040 B90.0 . . .
elements in Footnote D does not apply.
F
0.300 0.070 B84.0 . .
Reporting shall be required when the level for any of these elements exceeds
0.008 wt%.
A
No. 2 (half-hard) 0.025 . . . 15T83.5 15T88.5
0.040 0.025 30T63.5 30T73.5
0.300 0.040 B70.0 B85
A
No. 3 (quarter-hard) 0.025 . . . 15T80 15T85
requirements shown in Table 1. When requested, heat analysis
0.040 0.025 30T56.5 30T67
shall be reported to purchaser or his representative.
0.300 0.040 B60 B75
6.2 Product, Check, or Verification Analysis may be made A,B
No. 4 (skin-rolled) 0.025 . . . . . . 15T82
0.040 0.025 . . . 30T60
by the purchaser on the finished material.
0.300 0.040 . . . B65
6.2.1 Capped or rimmed steels are not technologically
A,B
suited to product analysis due to the nonuniform character of
No. 5 (dead-soft) 0.025 . . . . 15T78.5
their chemical composition and therefore, the tolerances in 0.040 0.025 . . . 30T53
0.300 0.040 . . . B55
Table 2 do not apply. Product analysis is appropriate on these
SI UNITS
types of steel only when misapplication is apparent or for
Thickness, mm Rockwell Hardness
Temper Maximun
copper when copper steel is specified.
Under Through Minimum
(approx.)
6.2.2 For steels other than rimmed or capped, when product
No. 1 (hard) 0.6 . . . 15T90 . . .
analysis is made by the purchaser, the chemical analysis shall
1.0 0.6 30T76 . . .
1.8 1.0 B90.0 . . .
not vary from the limits specified by more than the amounts in
7.6 1.8 B84.0 . . .
Table 2. The several determinations of any element shall not
A
vary both above and below the specified range.
No. 2 (half-hard) 0.6 . . . 15T83.5 15T88.5
1.0 0.6 30T63.5 30T73.5
6.3 For referee purposes, if required, Test Methods,
7.6 1.0 B70.0 B85
Practices, and Terminology A751 shall be used.
A
No. 3 (quarter-hard) 0.6 . . . 15T80 15T85
1.0 0.6 30T56 30T67
7.6 1.0 B60 B75
TABLE 2 Tolerances for Product Analysis
A,B
No. 4 (skin-rolled) 0.6 . . . . . . 15T82
Tolerance
1.0 0.6 . . . 30T60
Limit or Maximum of 7.6 1.0 . . . B65
Under Over
Element
Specified Element %
Minimum Maximum
A,B
No. 5 (dea
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A109/A109M − 16 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
Steel, Strip, Carbon (0.25 Maximum Percent), Cold-Rolled
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A109/A109M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
1.1 This specification covers cold-rolled carbon steel strip in
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
cut lengths or coils, furnished to closer tolerances than cold-
with the standard.
rolled carbon steel sheet, with specific temper, with specific
edge or specific finish, and in sizes as follows: 1.7 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable
Width, in. Thickness, in.
“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be
1 15
Over ⁄2 to 23 ⁄16 0.300 and under
furnished to inch-pound units.
Over 12.5 to 600 mm 7.6 mm and under
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 Cold-rolled strip is produced with a maximum specified
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
carbon not exceeding 0.25 percent.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.3 Strip tolerance products may be available in widths
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
wider than 23 ⁄16 in. [600 mm] by agreement between pur-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
chaser and supplier. However, such products are technically
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
classified as cold rolled sheet. The tolerances, finishes,
tempers, edges, and available widths and thicknesses differen- 2. Referenced Documents
tiate cold rolled strip from the product known as cold rolled 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sheet which is defined by Specification A568/A568M and from
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
cold rolled high carbon strip which is defined by Specification
of Steel Products
A682/A682M.
A568/A568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon,
1.4 For the purpose of determining conformance with this
Structural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and
specification, values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for
right hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting
A682/A682M Specification for Steel, Strip, High-Carbon,
values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice Cold-Rolled, General Requirements For (Withdrawn
E29.
2009)
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
1.5 The SI portions of the tables contained herein list
for Steel Products for Shipment
permissible variations in dimensions and mass (see Note 1) in
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
SI (metric) units. The values listed are not exact conversions of
cal Analysis of Steel Products
the values listed in the inch-pound tables, but instead are
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related
rounded or rationalized values. Conformance to SI tolerances
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
is mandatory when the “M” specification is used.
A1073/A1073M Practice for Using Hand Micrometers to
NOTE 1—The term weight is used when inch-pound units are the
Measure the Thickness of Uncoated Steel Sheet and
standard. However, under SI the preferred term is mass.
Nonmetallic and Metallic-Coated Steel Sheet
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
A01.19 on Steel Sheet and Strip. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as A109/A109M – 16. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/A0109_A0109M-18. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A109/A109M − 16 (2018)
E430 Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss normalizing the furnace atmosphere is controlled to prevent
Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry oxidizing of the strip surface.
2.2 Military Standard:
3.1.7 skin-rolled—a term denoting a relatively light cold
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
rolling operation following annealing. It serves to reduce the
tendency of the steel to flute or stretcher strain during fabrica-
2.3 Federal Standard:
tion. It is also used to impart surface finish, or affect hardness
123 Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies)
or other mechanical properties, or to improve flatness.
183 Continuous Identification Marking of Iron and Steel
Products
3.1.8 temper—a designation by number to indicate the
hardness as a minimum, as a maximum, or as a range. The
3. Terminology
tempers are obtained by the selection and control of chemical
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: composition, by amounts of cold reduction, by thermal
treatment, and by skin-rolling.
3.1.1 annealing—the process of heating to and holding at a
suitable temperature and then cooling at a suitable rate, for
3.2 Refer to Terminology A941 for additional definitions of
such purposes as reducing hardness, facilitating cold working,
terms used in this Specification.
producing a desired microstructure, or obtaining desired
mechanical, physical, or other properties.
4. Ordering Information
3.1.1.1 box annealing—involves annealing in a sealed con-
4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
tainer under conditions that minimize oxidation. The strip is
following information, as necessary, to describe adequately the
usually heated slowly to a temperature below the transforma-
desired product:
tion range, but sometimes above or within it, and is then cooled
4.1.1 Quantity,
slowly.
4.1.2 Name of material (cold-rolled carbon steel strip),
4.1.3 Condition (oiled or not oiled),
3.1.1.2 continuous annealing—involves heating the strip in
4.1.4 Temper (Section 7),
continuous strands through a furnace having a controlled
4.1.5 Edge (Section 8),
atmosphere followed by a controlled cooling.
4.1.6 Dimensions (Section 9),
3.1.2 carbon steel—the designation for steel when no mini-
4.1.7 Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance (Section 10),
mum content is specified or required for aluminum, chromium,
4.1.8 Coil size requirements (15.2),
cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten,
4.1.9 ASTM designation and year of issue,
vanadium, zirconium or any other element added to obtain a
4.1.10 Copper-bearing steel, if required,
desired alloying effect; when the specified minimum for copper
4.1.11 Application (part identification or description),
does not exceed 0.40 % or when the maximum content
4.1.12 Cast or heat analysis (request, if required), and
specified for any of the following elements does not exceed the
4.1.13 Special requirements, if required.
percentage noted: manganese 1.65, silicon 0.60, or copper
0.60.
NOTE 2—A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000 lb
Cold-Rolled Strip, Oiled, Temper 4, Edge 3, Finish 3, 0.035 by 9 in. by
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In all carbon steels small quantities of
coil, 5000 lb max, 16-in. ID ASTM A 109-XX, for Toaster Shells.
certain residual elements unavoidably retained from raw ma-
terials are sometimes found which are not specified or required,
5. Materials and Manufacture
such as copper, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, and so forth.
5.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, basic-
These elements are considered as incidental and are not
oxygen, or electric-furnace process.
normally reported.
5.2 Cold-rolled carbon steel strip is normally manufactured
3.1.3 cold reduction—the process of reducing the thickness
from continuously cast steel with aluminum used as the
of the strip at room temperature. The amount of reduction is
deoxidizer. However, some applications are specified as silicon
greater than that used in skin-rolling (see 3.1.7).
killed. Ingot cast rimmed, capped and semi-killed steels are
3.1.4 dead soft—the temper of strip produced without defi-
subject to limited availability.
nite control of stretcher straining or fluting. It is intended for
5.3 Cold-rolled carbon steel strip is manufactured from
deep drawing applications where such surface disturbances are
hot-rolled descaled coils by cold reducing to the desired
not objectionable.
thickness on a single stand mill or on a tandem mill consisting
3.1.5 finish—the degree of smoothness or luster of the strip.
of several single stands in series. Sometimes an anneal is used
The production of specific finishes requires special preparation
at some intermediate thickness to facilitate further cold reduc-
and control of the roll surfaces employed.
tion or to obtain desired temper and mechanical properties in
3.1.6 normalizing—heating to a suitable temperature above
the finished strip. An anneal and skin pass is typically used as
the transformation range and then cooling in air to a tempera-
the final step for Temper 4 and 5.
ture substantially below the transformation range. In bright
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis for each heat of steel shall
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentage of
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
quicksearch.dla.mil. elements shown in Table 1. This analysis shall conform to the
A109/A109M − 16 (2018)
A
TABLE 1 Heat Analysis
6.4 For applications where cold-rolled strip is to be welded,
Composition– Wt %
care must be exercised in selection of chemical composition, as
Temper No. Temper No.
well as mechanical properties, for compatibility with the
Element
1, 2, 3 4, 5
welding process and its effect on altering the properties.
Carbon, max 0.25 0.15
Manganese, max 0.90 0.60
7. Temper and Bend Test Requirement
Phosphorous, max 0.025 0.025
Sulfur, max 0.025 0.025
7.1 Cold-rolled carbon strip specified to temper numbers
A
Silicon . . . . . .
shall conform to the Rockwell hardness requirements shown in
A,B
Aluminum . . . . . .
C
Table 3.
Copper 0.20 0.20
D
Nickel, max 0.20 0.20
7.1.1 When a temper number is not specified, Rockwell
D, E
Chromium, max 0.15 0.15
hardness requirements are established by agreement.
D
Molybdenum, max 0.06 0.06
F
Vanadium . . . . . .
7.2 It is recommended that hardness values be specified in
F
Columbium . . . . . .
F
the same scale as that which will be used in testing the strip.
Titanium . . . . . .
A
Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in this table, there is no requirement, but the 7.3 Bend tests shall be conducted at room temperature and
analysis shall be reported unless otherwise specified in this specification.
test specimens shall be capable of being bent to the require-
B
The analysis shall be reported. When killed steel is specified and aluminum is the
ments shown in Table 4.
deoxidizing element, the minimum is 0.02, and the analysis shall be reported.
C
When copper steel is specified, the copper limit specified is a minimum
requirement. When copper steel is not specified, the copper limit is a maximum
TABLE 3 Hardness Requirements
requirement.
D
INCH-POUND UNITS
The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.50 %
Thickness, in. Rockwell Hardness
on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements is specified, the sum does
Temper Maximum
not apply; in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining elements will
Under Through Minimum
(approx.)
apply.
E
No. 1 (hard) 0.025 . . . 15T90 . . .
Chromium is permitted, at the producer’s option, to 0.25 % maximum when the
0.040 0.025 30T76 . . .
carbon is less than or equal to 0.05 %. In such case, the limit on the sum of the four
0.070 0.040 B90.0 . . .
elements in Footnote D does not apply.
F
0.300 0.070 B84.0 . .
Reporting shall be required when the level for any of these elements exceeds
0.008 wt%.
A
No. 2 (half-hard) 0.025 . . . 15T83.5 15T88.5
0.040 0.025 30T63.5 30T73.5
0.300 0.040 B70.0 B85
A
No. 3 (quarter-hard) 0.025 . . . 15T80 15T85
requirements shown in Table 1. When requested, heat analysis
0.040 0.025 30T56.5 30T67
shall be reported to purchaser or his representative.
0.300 0.040 B60 B75
A,B
6.2 Product, Check, or Verification Analysis may be made
No. 4 (skin-rolled) 0.025 . . . . . . 15T82
by the purchaser on the finished material. 0.040 0.025 . . . 30T60
0.300 0.040 . . . B65
6.2.1 Capped or rimmed steels are not technologically
suited to product analysis due to the nonuniform character of A,B
No. 5 (dead-soft) 0.025 . . . . . . . 15T78.5
0.040 0.025 . . . 30T53
their chemical composition and therefore, the tolerances in
0.300 0.040 . . . B55
Table 2 do not apply. Product analysis is appropriate on these
SI UNITS
types of steel only when misapplication is apparent or for
Thickness, mm Rockwell Hardness
Temper Maximun
copper when copper steel is specified.
Under Through Minimum
(approx.)
6.2.2 For steels other than rimmed or capped, when product
No. 1 (hard) 0.6 . . . 15T90 . . .
analysis is made by the purchaser, the chemical analysis shall
1.0 0.6 30T76 . . .
1.8 1.0 B90.0 . . .
not vary from the limits specified by more than the amounts in
7.6 1.8 B84.0 . . .
Table 2. The several determinations of any element shall not
A
vary both above and below the specified range.
No. 2 (half-hard) 0.6 . . . 15T83.5 15T88.5
1.0 0.6 30T63.5 30T73.5
6.3 For referee purposes, if required, Test Methods,
7.6 1.0 B70.0 B85
Practices, and Terminology A751 shall be used.
A
No. 3 (quarter-hard) 0.6 . . . 15T80 15T85
1.0 0.6 30T56 30T67
7.6 1.0 B60 B75
TABLE 2 Tolerances for Product Analysis
A,B
No. 4 (skin-rolled) 0.6 . . . . . . 15T82
Tolerance
1.0 0.6 . . . 30T60
Limit or Maximum of
7.6 1.0 . . . B65
Under Over
Element
Specified
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A109/A109M − 16 A109/A109M − 16 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
Steel, Strip, Carbon (0.25 Maximum Percent), Cold-Rolled
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A109/A109M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers cold-rolled carbon steel strip in cut lengths or coils, furnished to closer tolerances than cold-rolled
carbon steel sheet, with specific temper, with specific edge or specific finish, and in sizes as follows:
Width, in. Thickness, in.
1 15
Over ⁄2 to 23 ⁄16 0.300 and under
Over 12.5 to 600 mm 7.6 mm and under
1.2 Cold-rolled strip is produced with a maximum specified carbon not exceeding 0.25 percent.
1.3 Strip tolerance products may be available in widths wider than 23 ⁄16 in. [600 mm] by agreement between purchaser and
supplier. However, such products are technically classified as cold rolled sheet. The tolerances, finishes, tempers, edges, and
available widths and thicknesses differentiate cold rolled strip from the product known as cold rolled sheet which is defined by
Specification A568/A568M and from cold rolled high carbon strip which is defined by Specification A682/A682M.
1.4 For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right
hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
1.5 The SI portions of the tables contained herein list permissible variations in dimensions and mass (see Note 1) in SI (metric)
units. The values listed are not exact conversions of the values listed in the inch-pound tables, but instead are rounded or
rationalized values. Conformance to SI tolerances is mandatory when the “M” specification is used.
NOTE 1—The term weight is used when inch-pound units are the standard. However, under SI the preferred term is mass.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M”
specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A568/A568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled,
General Requirements for
A682/A682M Specification for Steel, Strip, High-Carbon, Cold-Rolled, General Requirements For (Withdrawn 2009)
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.19
on Steel Sheet and Strip.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2018. Published September 2016November 2018. Originally approved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 20152016
as A109/A109M – 15.A109/A109M – 16. DOI: 10.1520/A0109_A0109M-16.10.1520/A0109_A0109M-18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A109/A109M − 16 (2018)
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
A1073/A1073M Practice for Using Hand Micrometers to Measure the Thickness of Uncoated Steel Sheet and Nonmetallic and
Metallic-Coated Steel Sheet
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E430 Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
2.2 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
2.3 Federal Standard:
123 Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies)
183 Continuous Identification Marking of Iron and Steel Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 annealing—the process of heating to and holding at a suitable temperature and then cooling at a suitable rate, for such
purposes as reducing hardness, facilitating cold working, producing a desired microstructure, or obtaining desired mechanical,
physical, or other properties.
3.1.1.1 box annealing—involves annealing in a sealed container under conditions that minimize oxidation. The strip is usually
heated slowly to a temperature below the transformation range, but sometimes above or within it, and is then cooled slowly.
3.1.1.2 continuous annealing—involves heating the strip in continuous strands through a furnace having a controlled
atmosphere followed by a controlled cooling.
3.1.2 carbon steel—the designation for steel when no minimum content is specified or required for aluminum, chromium,
cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium or any other element added to obtain a desired
alloying effect; when the specified minimum for copper does not exceed 0.40 % or when the maximum content specified for any
of the following elements does not exceed the percentage noted: manganese 1.65, silicon 0.60, or copper 0.60.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
In all carbon steels small quantities of certain residual elements unavoidably retained from raw materials are sometimes found
which are not specified or required, such as copper, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, and so forth. These elements are considered
as incidental and are not normally reported.
3.1.3 cold reduction—the process of reducing the thickness of the strip at room temperature. The amount of reduction is greater
than that used in skin-rolling (see 3.1.7).
3.1.4 dead soft—the temper of strip produced without definite control of stretcher straining or fluting. It is intended for deep
drawing applications where such surface disturbances are not objectionable.
3.1.5 finish—the degree of smoothness or luster of the strip. The production of specific finishes requires special preparation and
control of the roll surfaces employed.
3.1.6 normalizing—heating to a suitable temperature above the transformation range and then cooling in air to a temperature
substantially below the transformation range. In bright normalizing the furnace atmosphere is controlled to prevent oxidizing of
the strip surface.
3.1.7 skin-rolled—a term denoting a relatively light cold rolling operation following annealing. It serves to reduce the tendency
of the steel to flute or stretcher strain during fabrication. It is also used to impart surface finish, or affect hardness or other
mechanical properties, or to improve flatness.
3.1.8 temper—a designation by number to indicate the hardness as a minimum, as a maximum, or as a range. The tempers are
obtained by the selection and control of chemical composition, by amounts of cold reduction, by thermal treatment, and by
skin-rolling.
3.2 Refer to Terminology A941 for additional definitions of terms used in this Specification.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the following information, as necessary, to describe adequately the
desired product:
4.1.1 Quantity,
4.1.2 Name of material (cold-rolled carbon steel strip),
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
A109/A109M − 16 (2018)
4.1.3 Condition (oiled or not oiled),
4.1.4 Temper (Section 7),
4.1.5 Edge (Section 8),
4.1.6 Dimensions (Section 9),
4.1.7 Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance (Section 10),
4.1.8 Coil size requirements (15.2),
4.1.9 ASTM designation and year of issue,
4.1.10 Copper-bearing steel, if required,
4.1.11 Application (part identification or description),
4.1.12 Cast or heat analysis (request, if required), and
4.1.13 Special requirements, if required.
NOTE 2—A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000 lb Cold-Rolled Strip, Oiled, Temper 4, Edge 3, Finish 3, 0.035 by 9 in. by coil, 5000
lb max, 16-in. ID ASTM A 109-XX, for Toaster Shells.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process.
5.2 Cold-rolled carbon steel strip is normally manufactured from continuously cast steel with aluminum used as the deoxidizer.
However, some applications are specified as silicon killed. Ingot cast rimmed, capped and semi-killed steels are subject to limited
availability.
5.3 Cold-rolled carbon steel strip is manufactured from hot-rolled descaled coils by cold reducing to the desired thickness on
a single stand mill or on a tandem mill consisting of several single stands in series. Sometimes an anneal is used at some
intermediate thickness to facilitate further cold reduction or to obtain desired temper and mechanical properties in the finished strip.
An anneal and skin pass is typically used as the final step for Temper 4 and 5.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis for each heat of steel shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentage of elements
shown in Table 1. This analysis shall conform to the requirements shown in Table 1. When requested, heat analysis shall be
reported to purchaser or his representative.
6.2 Product, Check, or Verification Analysis may be made by the purchaser on the finished material.
A
TABLE 1 Heat Analysis
Composition– Wt %
Temper No. Temper No.
Element
1, 2, 3 4, 5
Carbon, max 0.25 0.15
Manganese, max 0.90 0.60
Phosphorous, max 0.025 0.025
Sulfur, max 0.025 0.025
A
Silicon . . . . . .
A,B
Aluminum . . . . . .
C
Copper 0.20 0.20
D
Nickel, max 0.20 0.20
D, E
Chromium, max 0.15 0.15
D
Molybdenum, max 0.06 0.06
F
Vanadium . . . . . .
F
Columbium . . . . . .
F
Titanium . . . . . .
A
Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in this table, there is no requirement, but the
analysis shall be reported unless otherwise specified in this specification.
B
The analysis shall be reported. When killed steel is specified and aluminum is the
deoxidizing element, the minimum is 0.02, and the analysis shall be reported.
C
When copper steel is specified, the copper limit specified is a minimum
requirement. When copper steel is not specified, the copper limit is a maximum
requirement.
D
The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.50 %
on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements is specified, the sum does
not apply; in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining elements will
apply.
E
Chromium is permitted, at the producer’s option, to 0.25 % maximum when the
carbon is less than or equal to 0.05 %. In such case, the limit on the sum of the four
elements in Footnote D does not apply.
F
Reporting shall be required when the level for any of these elements exceeds
0.008 wt%.
A109/A109M − 16 (2018)
6.2.1 Capped or rimmed steels are not technologically suited to product analysis due to the nonuniform character of their
chemical composition and therefore, the tolerances in Table 2 do not apply. Product analysis is appropriate on these types of steel
only when misapplication is apparent or for copper when copper steel is specified.
6.2.2 For steels other than rimmed or capped, when product analysis is made by the purchaser, the chemical analysis shall not
vary from the limits specified by more than the amounts in Table 2. The several determinations of any element shall not vary both
above and below the specified range.
6.3 For referee purposes, if required, Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751 shall be used.
6.4 For applications where cold-rolled strip is to be welded, care must be exercised in selection of chemical composition, as well
as mechanical properties, for compatibility with the welding process and its effect on altering the properties.
7. Temper and Bend Test Requirement
7.1 Cold-rolled carbon strip specified to temper numbers shall conform to the Rockwell hardness requirements shown in Table
3.
7.1.1 When a temper number is not specified, Rockwell hardness requirements are established by agreement.
7.2 It is recommended that hardness values be specified in the same scale as that which will be used in testing the strip.
7.3 Bend tests shall be conducted at room temperature and test specimens shall be capable of being bent to the requirements
shown in Table 4.
7.4 All mechanical tests are to be conducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.
8. Edge
8.1 The desired edge number shall be specified as follows:
8.1.1 Number 1 Edge is a prepared edge of a specified contour (round or square), which is produced when a very accurate width
is required or when an edge condition suitable for electroplating is required, or both.
8.1.2 Number 2 Edge is a natural mill edge carried through the cold rolling from the hot-rolled strip without additional
processing of the edge.
8.1.3 Number 3 Edge is an approximately square edge, produced by slitting, on which the burr is not eliminated. Normal coiling
or piling does not necessarily provide a definite positioning of the slitting burr.
8.1.4 Number 4 Edge is a rounded edge produced by edge rolling e
...
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