ASTM D2940/D2940M-09
(Specification)Standard Specification for Graded Aggregate Material For Bases or Subbases for Highways or Airports
Standard Specification for Graded Aggregate Material For Bases or Subbases for Highways or Airports
ABSTRACT
This specification covers quality-controlled graded aggregates that, when hauled to and properly spread and compacted on a prepared grade to appropriate density standards, may be expected to provide adequate stability and load support for use as highway or airport bases or subbases. Coarse aggregate retained on the sieve shall consist of durable particles of crushed stone, gravel, or slag capable of withstanding the effects of handling, spreading, and compacting without degradation productive of deleterious fines. Fine aggregate passing through the sieve shall normally consist of fines from the operation of crushing the coarse aggregate. Where available and suitable, addition of natural sand or finer mineral matter, or both, is not prohibited. The following tests shall be performed: grain-size test (dry and wet sieving), liquid limit test, plastic limit test, plasticity index test, sand equivalent value test, and expansion test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers quality-controlled graded aggregates that, when hauled to and properly spread and compacted on a prepared grade to appropriate density standards, may be expected to provide adequate stability and load support for use as highway or airport bases or subbases.
Note 1—The engineer is cautioned to provide appropriate construction specifications to ensure compaction to an extent that further densification from traffic loadings on the completed pavement will be insignificant. The method suggested is to require compaction on a firm foundation of a short control strip of the material at a suitable moisture content, by means of vibratory or other proven effective rollers or tampers, until no further increase in density results. Compaction requirements should ensure that an average density of certain appropriate percentages of the control strip maximum density be achieved on the balance of the job; for base courses, 98% is suggested as the minimum average requirement.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2940/D2940M −09
StandardSpecification for
Graded Aggregate Material For Bases or Subbases for
1
Highways or Airports
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2940/D2940M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers quality-controlled graded ag-
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
gregates that, when hauled to and properly spread and com-
Aggregates
pacted on a prepared grade to appropriate density standards,
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
may be expected to provide adequate stability and load support
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
for use as highway or airport bases or subbases.
D2419 Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and
NOTE 1—The engineer is cautioned to provide appropriate construction
Fine Aggregate
specifications to ensure compaction to an extent that further densification
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
from traffic loadings on the completed pavement will be insignificant. The
Plasticity Index of Soils
method suggested is to require compaction on a firm foundation of a short
control strip of the material at a suitable moisture content, by means of D4792 Test Method for Potential Expansion of Aggregates
vibratory or other proven effective rollers or tampers, until no further
from Hydration Reactions
increaseindensityresults.Compactionrequirementsshouldensurethatan
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
average density of certain appropriate percentages of the control strip
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
maximum density be achieved on the balance of the job; for base courses,
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
98% is suggested as the minimum average requirement.
Lot or Process
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3. General Requirements
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1 Coarse aggregate retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
shall consist of durable particles of crushed stone, gravel, or
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
slag capable of withstanding the effects of handling, spreading,
with the standard.
and compacting without degradation productive of deleterious
3
fines. Of the particles which are retained on a 9.5-mm [ ⁄8-in.]
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
sieve, at least 75% shall have two or more fractured faces.
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
NOTE 2—No standard ASTM method is recognized to be capable of
as requirements of the standard. measuring the quality, or tendency of coarse aggregate to degrade to the
extent that deleterious fines may be produced. Some local jurisdictions
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
have developed tests believed to be of value in this respect. The purchaser
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ofmaterialunderthisspecificationisadvisedtoinvestigatetheavailability
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- and reliability of such tests in order to specify quality requirements
appropriate to the local area.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.1 The fractured particle requirement of 3.1 is modified
whenspecifiedinthecontractdocuments,providingfortheuse
of another method for measuring interparticle friction which
has been correlated with good field performance.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.50 on
2
Aggregate Specifications. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2940 – 03. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D2940_D2940M-09. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
-----------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2940–03 Designation: D 2940/D 2940M – 09
Standard Specification for
Graded Aggregate Material For Bases or Subbases for
1
Highways or Airports
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2940/D 2940M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers quality-controlled graded aggregates that, when hauled to and properly spread and compacted on
a prepared grade to appropriate density standards, may be expected to provide adequate stability and load support for use as
highway or airport bases or subbases.
NOTE 1—The engineer is cautioned to provide appropriate construction specifications to ensure compaction to an extent that further densification from
traffic loadings on the completed pavement will be insignificant. The method suggested is to require compaction on a firm foundation of a short control
strip of the material at a suitable moisture content, by means of vibratory or other proven effective rollers or tampers, until no further increase in density
results. Compaction requirements should ensure that an average density of certain appropriate percentages of the control strip maximum density be
achieved on the balance of the job; for base courses, 98% is suggested as the minimum average requirement.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units, shown in parentheses, are for
information only.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
2
C702Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Aggregates
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D 422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
D 2419 Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate
D 4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
3
D 4792 Test Method for Potential Expansion of Aggregates from Hydration Reactions
E11Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes Test Method for Potential Expansion of Aggregates from
Hydration Reactions
E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling ofOf Materials
5
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate theAverage Quality of a Lot or Process Practice for Calculating Sample
Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or Process
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeD04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD04.50 onAggregate
Specifications.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D2940-98.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 2940 – 03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 04.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 2940/D 2940M – 09
3. General Requirements
3.1 Coarse aggregate retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.