ASTM D4028/D4028M-13(2021)

Standard Specification for Solar Screening Woven from Vinyl-Coated Fiber Glass Yarn

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general and physical requirements for commercial standard solar screening woven from vinyl-coated fiber glass yarn. The material shall conform to general and physical requirements of this specification. General requirements include workmanship, plasticizers, color, selvage, yarn splices, and container dimensions and rolls put-up. Physical requirements include roll appearance, mesh, roll length, roll width, mass per unit area, ignition loss, breaking strength, fabric stability, shading coefficient, flame resistance, blocking resistance, and color stability to accelerated weathering. Testing of both general and physical requirements shall conform to the test methods detailed in this specification. Lot and sample size shall be according to the acceptance number of the specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for vinyl-coated fiber glass solar screening, and should help users recognize the characteristics of acceptable vinyl-coated fiber glass solar screening. This specification is limited in application to vinyl-coated fiber glass solar screening that is produced with a ribbed pattern woven in the warp direction. The applicability of this specification to vinyl-coated fiber glass type solar screening of a non-rib, a double rib (ribs in both warp and filling direction), or a filling rib construction is not known.  
1.2 This specification shows the definitions, general requirements, and physical requirements for commercial standard vinyl-coated fiber glass solar screening designed and woven for installation in any dwelling, building, or structure for the purpose of providing a significant reduction in solar heat gain, while providing outward view and interior light. Solar screening provides a structure that has insect-restraining capabilities equivalent to standard insect screening.  
Note 1: For information on standard insect screening, see Specification D3656/D3656M.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 8 – 21 of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2021
• ICS: 59.080.40 - Coated fabrics
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.18 - Glass Fiber and its Products

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D3773/D3773M-10(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5035-11(2019) - Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM D123-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Refers: ASTM D3774-96(2016) - Standard Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Refers: ASTM D123-15b - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM D123-15a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM D123-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM D3773/D3773M-10(2014) - Standard Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2014
• Refers: ASTM D123-13ae1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM D123-13a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM D123-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM D3775-12 - Standard Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven Fabrics
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2012
• Refers: ASTM D3774-96(2012) - Standard Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Refers: ASTM D123-12e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2012
• Refers: ASTM D123-12 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2012

Overview

ASTM D4028/D4028M-13(2021) is the standard specification for solar screening woven from vinyl-coated fiber glass yarn, published by ASTM International. This document establishes the general and physical requirements for commercial solar screening products made from vinyl-coated glass yarn, woven specifically in a ribbed warp-direction pattern. The specification serves as a quality benchmark for manufacturers, purchasers, and installers to ensure product performance in reducing solar heat gain, providing interior light, offering outward visibility, and maintaining insect-restraining capability equivalent to standard insect screens.

Key Topics

• Material Requirements: Solar screening must use high-grade vinyl-coated fiber glass yarn conforming to established textile standards, with attention to color, plasticizers, and selvage specifications.
• Physical Characteristics: Includes parameters such as mesh size, roll length and width, mass per unit area, physical stability, shading coefficient, flame resistance, blocking resistance, and color fastness to accelerated weathering.
• Defect Criteria: Defines acceptable and non-acceptable defects (such as broken yarns, streaks, slack selvage, and color deviation) to standardize product appearance and quality.
• Sampling and Testing: Specifies procedures for sampling, lot sizes, laboratory testing, and acceptance, ensuring consistent product assessment and compliance with quality levels.
• Units of Measure: Lists both SI and inch-pound units as equally standard; values from different unit systems must not be combined.
• Safety and Compliance: Advises users to address any safety, health, or regulatory issues when applying the specification and testing methods.

Applications

Vinyl-coated fiber glass solar screening offers practical value in various building applications:

• Residential and Commercial Buildings: Installed in windows and doors to reduce solar heat gain, lower cooling costs, and improve energy efficiency.
• Insect Barrier: Delivers insect-restraining performance that matches standard insect screens, making it suitable for any dwelling, building, or structure.
• Enhanced Comfort: Provides a balance between sun shading and natural light transmission, preserving outward visibility while minimizing interior glare.
• Durability and Weather Resistance: With color stability and flame resistance requirements, these products are designed for longevity even in challenging outdoor conditions.
• Tailored Installations: The specification supports a range of mesh constructions, roll sizes, and color options according to architectural needs and aesthetic preferences.

Related Standards

The ASTM D4028/D4028M standard references and is associated with several other key standards, including:

• ASTM D3374/D3374M: Specification for vinyl-coated glass yarns.
• ASTM D3656/D3656M: Specification for insect screening and louver cloth.
• ASTM D3773/D3773M: Test methods for length of woven fabric.
• ASTM D3774: Test method for width of textile fabric.
• ASTM D3775: Test method for end (warp) and pick (filling) count of woven fabrics.
• ASTM D4909 (Withdrawn): Test method for color stability to accelerated weathering.
• ASTM D4912/D4912M: Test method for fabric stability of vinyl-coated glass yarn screening.
• ASTM D4963/D4963M: Test method for ignition loss of glass fiber strands and fabrics.
• ASTM D5035: Test method for breaking force and elongation.
• ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 74-1988: Method for measuring solar-optical properties.
• AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1: Gray Scale for evaluating color change.

Conclusion

Complying with ASTM D4028/D4028M-13(2021) ensures that solar screening products woven from vinyl-coated fiber glass yarn meet rigorous quality, safety, and performance requirements. This standard helps industry professionals, architects, and builders select reliable materials for efficient solar control, insect protection, and lasting durability, supporting modern building energy codes and occupant comfort. For up-to-date testing methods and standards harmonization, always consult the latest ASTM guidelines and referenced documents.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D4028/D4028M −13 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
Solar Screening Woven from Vinyl-Coated Fiber Glass Yarn
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4028/D4028M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for vinyl-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
coated fiber glass solar screening, and should help users
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
recognize the characteristics of acceptable vinyl-coated fiber
glass solar screening. This specification is limited in applica-
2. Referenced Documents
tion to vinyl-coated fiber glass solar screening that is produced
2.1 ASTM Standards:
with a ribbed pattern woven in the warp direction. The
D76/D76MSpecification for Tensile Testing Machines for
applicability of this specification to vinyl-coated fiber glass
Textiles
type solar screening of a non-rib, a double rib (ribs in both
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
warp and filling direction), or a filling rib construction is not
D3374/D3374MSpecification for Vinyl-Coated GlassYarns
known.
D3656/D3656MSpecificationforInsectScreeningandLou-
1.2 This specification shows the definitions, general
ver Cloth Woven fromVinyl-Coated Glass Yarns
requirements, and physical requirements for commercial stan-
D3773/D3773MTest Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
dard vinyl-coated fiber glass solar screening designed and
D3774Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
woven for installation in any dwelling, building, or structure
D3775TestMethodforEnd(Warp)andPick(Filling)Count
for the purpose of providing a significant reduction in solar
of Woven Fabrics
heat gain, while providing outward view and interior light.
D4909Test Method for Color Stability of Vinyl-Coated
Solar screening provides a structure that has insect-restraining
Glass Textiles to Accelerated Weathering (Withdrawn
capabilities equivalent to standard insect screening.
1996)
NOTE 1—For information on standard insect screening, see Specifica-
D4912/D4912MTest Method for Fabric Stability of Vinyl-
tion D3656/D3656M.
Coated Glass Yarn Insect Screening and Louver Cloth
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units D4963/D4963MTest Method for Ignition Loss of Glass
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Fiber Strands and Fabrics
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to D5035Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
used independently of the other, and values from the two D7018TerminologyRelatingtoGlassFiberandItsProducts
systems shall not be combined.
2.2 AATCC Standard:
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the Evaluation Procedure 1Grey Scale for Color Change
test method portion, Sections8–21 of this specification: This
2.3 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard:
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
Standard74-1988Method of Measuring Solar-Optical Prop-
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
erties of Materials
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. 2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
1 4
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
TextilesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD13.18onGlassFiberand (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215, http://
its Products. www.aatcc.org.
Current edition approved July 1, 2021. Published September 2021. Originally Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4028/D4028M–13. Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA
DOI: 10.1520/D4028_D4028M-13R21. 30329, http://www.ashrae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4028/D4028M−13 (2021)
A
TABLE 1 Defects
Bias or bowed filling – distortion at any point 13 mm [ ⁄2 in.] or more from Scalloped selvage
horizontal
Broken or missing end or pick Slack, or tight selvage
Curled (doubled, rolled, or folded) selvage Smash
2 2
Cut, hole, or tear Splice – more than one in 929 cm [1 ft ]
Damaged selvage extending into body of screening Splice – more than 25 mm [1 in.] in length
Double picks Splice – not well made or showing loose ends exceeding 25 mm [1 in.] in length
B
Floats Spot, stain, streak, or mottled
Hitch-back, open place, or slippage Tight end or pick – causing waviness or ridge
C
Jerked-in filling, slough-off, or kinky filling Uncoated yarns
Knots Warp streaks or filling bar
B
Offshade Wrong draw
A
For definitions of terms used in this table, refer to Terminology D123.
B
At normal inspection distance, approximately1m[1yd].
C
Single ends or picks unevenly coated and giving the appearance of a streak, or light-colored, but coated yarn, shall not be scored as a defect when examined at normal
inspection distance of approximately1m[1yd].
TABLE 2 Generally Available Mesh, Widths, and Colors
Nominal Yarn Standard
Standard Minimum Widths
Diameter Constructions (Mesh)
Product Colors
Warp Fill
µm in. 25.4 mm 25.4 mm cm in.
[1 in.] [1 in.]
Fiber glass solar screening 292 0.0115 53 16 46, 51, 56, 61, 66, 71, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, bronze
330 0.0130 54 16 76, 81, 86, 91, 96, 102, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, charcoal
54 18 107, 112, 117, 122, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54, 60, gray
137, 152, 168, 183, 66, 72, 78, 84
198, 213
2.4 Federal Test Method Standards: Thequalityacceptancelevelswillbedeterminedbyagreement
No.191,Method5872,EffectofHighTemperatureonCloth between the purchaser and the supplier.
Blocking, Textile Test Methods
4.1.2 Plasticizers—The material used to coat or impregnate
No. 191,Method5903, Flame Resistance of Cloth, Vertical,
the fibrous glass yarn shall be a compound of polymerized or
Textile Test Methods
copolymerized vinyl chloride resin, plasticized with phosphate
CCC-D-950Specification, Dyeing and After Treating Pro-
or phthalate ester plasticizers exclusively, pigmented and
cesses for Cotton Cloths
stabilized to meet the requirements herein.
2.5 Military Standard:
4.1.2.1 Optional Plasticizer—At the supplier’s option, plas-
MIL-STD-105DSampling Procedures and Tables for In-
ticizers other than phosphates and phthalates may be used
spection by Attributes
provided the color is not affected and the coating compound is
treated with solubilized copper 8 quinolinolate, which is listed
3. Terminology
as inhibitor (e) in Federal Standard CCC-D-950. The amount
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.18, Glass Fiber and of fungicide shall be based on the nonvolatile content of the
Its Products, refer to Terminology D7018. coating. The coating compound shall be chemically analyzed
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: for copper 8 quinolinolate content in accordance with Federal
acceptable quality level, atmosphere for testing textiles, fabric Standard CCC-D-950.
stability, mesh, shading coefficient, solar screening.
4.1.3 Color—For colors listed in Table 2, the maximum and
minimum shade limits shall be defined by color designations
3.2 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminol-
listed in Federal Standard595A as agreed upon between the
ogy D123
purchaser and the supplier.
4. General Requirements
4.1.4 Selvage—Vinyl-coated glass screening may be sup-
pliedwithorwithoutselvagesasagreedbetweenthepurchaser
4.1 Material:
and supplier.
4.1.1 Workmanship—All commercial standard vinyl-coated
4.1.5 Yarn Splices—Vinyl-coated glass yarn splices shall be
glassyarnsolarscreeningshallbemadeofhighgradematerial
permitted provided they show no tails and do not exceed
with good workmanship and meet the yarn requirements
25mm[1in.]inlength.Yarnsplicesinthesolarscreeningshall
specified in Specification D3374/D3374M. Products shall be
notexceed15perstandard30m[100ft]roll,andnomorethan
free of any defects that might affect serviceability or
2 2
one splice shall occur in any 9.30 cm [1 ft ] of product.
appearance, except those permitted in footnote C of Table 1.
4.2 Put-Up—Vinyl-coated glass yarn solar screening shall
be put-up on rolls and in containers whose dimensions shall be
Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil. agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
D4028/D4028M−13 (2021)
TABLE 4 Properties—Sample Average
5. Physical Requirements
Mesh 53
5.1 Appearance—Unless otherwise agreed upon between Mesh 53 Mesh 53
by 16 Mesh/
Properties by 16 Mesh/ by 18 Mesh/
the purchaser and the supplier, a roll shall be defective if it
25.4mm[1
25.4mm[1in.] 25.4mm[1in.]
in.]
contains one or more defects from the list in Table 1, and the
Mass per unit area, min:
lot shall be unacceptable if the number of defective sample
g/m 246 246 246
rolls exceeds the acceptance number in Table 3. Table 3 is
oz/yd 7.25 7.25 7.25
based on an acceptable quality level (AQL) of 4 defects per
Ignition loss, min, % 50 50 50
Breaking strength, min:
30.5 m [100 ft] in length.
Warp N 400 400 400
5.2 Mesh—The standard average mesh shall be approxi- lbf 90 90 90
Fill N 155 155 155
mately even-spaced as specified in Table 2, 60.5 mesh per
lbf 35 35 35
25.4mm[1in.]inthenon-ribdirectionand 62meshintherib
Fabric stability, min:
Warp N 67 67 89
direction. There are no tolerance requirements within 13 mm
lbf 15 15 20
[0.5 in.] of the selvage.
Fill N 67 67 89
lbf 15 15 20
5.3 Roll Length—Each roll of solar screening complying
Shading coefficient,max 0.36 0.36 0.36
with Specification D4028/D4028M shall contain not less than
30linearm[100linearft],andshallcontainnotmorethantwo
pieces per roll with no piece less than 3 linear m [10 linear ft].
5.3.1 The lot shall be unacceptable if the total of the actual
gross lengths of rolls in the sample is less than the total of the 5.11 Blocking Resistance—The surfaces of the solar screen-
gross lengths marked on the roll tickets. ing shall not adhere or exhibit blocking in excess of Scale No.
1.
5.4 Width—The standard average roll width shall be as
specified in Table 2+7 or−0 mm [+0.25 or−0 in.]. 5.12 Color Stability to Accelerated Weathering—The
change from the original color after 480 h of accelerated
5.5 Mass per Unit Area—The minimum average mass per
weathering exposure shall be no greater than Step 3 of the
unit area for each class shall be as specified in Table 4.
AATCC Gray Scale for evaluating change in color.
5.6 Ignition Loss—The average ignition loss shall equal or
5.12.1 The change from the original color after 960 h of
exceed the value specified in Table 4.
accelerated weathering exposure shall be no greater than Step
2 of the AATCC Gray Scale.
5.7 Breaking Strength—The average breaking strength shall
5.12.2 Exposure periods and acceptable changes for colors
equal or exceed the value specified in Table 4.
otherthanthecolorsaslistedinTable2shallbeasagreedupon
5.8 Fabric Stability—The yarns shall be bonded at the
between the purchaser and the supplier.
contact or cross-over points to give sufficient fabric stability to
the finished product to equal or exceed the applicable average
6. Sampling Inspection and Number of Specimens
force values specified in Table 4.
6.1 Lot Size—Alotshallconsistofeachshipmentofasingle
5.9 Shading Coeffıcient—The average shading coefficient
solar screening having the same color and mesh, unless
shall equal or be less than the value specified in Table 4.
otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
5.10 Flame Resistance—There shall be no propagation of
The lot size shall be designated in linear units of metres [feet].
flamealonganyspecimenforlongerthan10safterremovalof
6.2 Lot Sample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
flame source, and no single specimen may propagate flame
the number of rolls of solar screening directed in an applicable
along its entire length in any time increment.
material specification or other agreement between the pur-
chaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of solar screening to be
the primary sampling unit. In the absence of such an
A
agreement, take the number of rolls specified in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Sample Size and Acceptance Number
Lot Size Rolls
NOTE 2—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
Sample Acceptance
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
Length, m Length, ft
Size Number
betweenrollsofsolarscreeningandbetweentestspecimensfromaswatch
B B
Up to 365 inclusive Up to 1 200 inclusive 30
or roll of solar screening to produce a sampling plan with meaningful
366 up to and including 1 201 up to and 50
producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting
975 including 3 200
quality level.
976 up to and including 3 201 up to and 80
3 048 including 10 000
6.3 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
3 049 up to and including 10 001 up to and 13 0
tance testing, proceed as directed in an applicable material
10 668 including 35 000
specificationorotheragreementbetweenthepurchaserandthe
10 669 up to and 35 001 up to and 20 1
including 45 720 including 150 000
supplier. In the absence of such an agreement, proceed as
45 721 and over 150 001 and over 32 2
follows:
A
Based on MIL-STD-105D, Inspection Level 11, and an AQL of 4.0 defects per
6.3.1 For solar screening appearance, width, mass per unit
30.5 m [100 ft] length.
B area, and length, the rolls in the lot sample serve as the
If lot contains fewer than 3 rolls, each roll in the lot shall be examined.
laboratory sample.
D4028/D4028M−13 (2021)
6.3.2 For other properties, take at random from the rolls in 10.2.1 The entire roll of screening material is examined on
the lot sample the number of rolls specified in Table 5. From a lighted flat surface as it is rewound under controlled
each roll in the laboratory sample, take a 2m [2yd] full-width conditions. Minor and major defects are assigned when ob-
swatch from the end of the roll, but taken no closer than 1 m served and the number of occurrences are reported.
[1 yd] from the outside end of the roll.
10.3 Significance and Use:
6.4 Test Specimens—For solar screening appearance, width,
10.3.1 The visual inspection of screening for defects is
and length, the rolls in the lot sample serve as test specimens.
performed using an acceptable industry cloth room procedure
For other properties, take test specimens from the swatches in
and equipment before doing any other testing, and is consid-
thelaboratorysampleasdirectedintherespectivetestmethods
ered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial ship-
in this specification. Take test specimens from each swatch in
ments.
the laboratory sample in such a way that no specimen is closer
10.3.2 In using this test method for acceptance testing, in
thanonetenththewidthoftheswatchfromtheselvagewithno
case of disagreement in values reported by the purchaser and
two specimens cut parallel to the warp containing the same set
the supplier, inspect the same rolls of screening at each station
ofwarpendsorifcutparalleltothefilling,containingthesame
to determine the statistical bias, if any, between the examina-
set of filling picks, and the specimens from different swatches
tion station of the purchaser and the examination station of the
for a specific property are each taken from a different part of
supplier.
the width of the swatches.
10.4 Apparatus:
10.4.1 Fabric-Inspection Machine that provides a flat view-
7. Conditioning
ing area and a controlled fabric-rewinding mechanism.
7.1 Condition the laboratory samples without precondition-
10.4.2 Lighting Source mounted parallel to the viewing
ing for a period of at least5hinthe atmosphere for testing
surface of the fabric inspection machine so as to illuminate the
glass textiles, unless otherwise specified.
surface with direct perpendicular impinging light rays that
NOTE3—Inanyevent,24hisconsideredampleexposuretimetobring
produce an illumination level of approximately 1075 lx
the samples to moisture equilibrium.
[100fc].
TEST METHODS
10.5 Test Specimen—Usetheentirerollasthetestspecimen
to inspect for appearance. (See 6.2 – 6.4.)
8. Material
10.6 Conditioning—There are no specific requirements for
8.1 Upon prior agreement, the purchaser may accept the
conditioning.
supplier’s certification that the materials comply with the
10.7 Procedure:
requirements of Section 4. In the absence of such an
10.7.1 Visually examine (inspect) each test specimen in the
agreement, compliance will be tested using Specification
linear direction, full width, of the finished solar screening.
D3374/D3374M and Federal Standard CCC-D-950.
Examine the entire length of each roll.
10.7.2 Traverse the screening longitudinally through the
9. Put-Up
inspection machine at a compatible visual inspection speed.
9.1 Verify that the rolls and shipping containers conform to
10.7.3 View and inspect the moving screening from a
the inspection agreement in the purchaser’s plant.
distance of approximately1m[1 yd]. Stop the traverse to
affirm marginal or suspected defects.
10. Solar Screening Appearance
10.7.3.1 Count all defects found regardless of their proxim-
10.1 Scope:
ity to one another, except where two or more defects represent
10.1.1 This test method covers the visual examination of
a single local condition of the solar screening. In this case,
screening material appearance using a major and minor evalu-
count only the more serious defect as one defect for each warp
ation system. A list of defects is provided designating the
direction 0.3 m [1 ft] or fraction thereof in which it occurs.
degree of the defect and whether minor or major. This test
Classify the defects as listed in Table 1.
method is applicable to screening fabrics woven from vinyl-
10.7.3.2 Unlessagreedotherwisebetweenthepurchaserand
coated glass fiber yarns.
the supplier, do not count defects on the back of the screening
10.2 Summary:
unless the defects are visible on the face of the screening.
10.8 Report:
10.8.1 State that the rolls of screening were visually in-
TABLE 5 Sample Size for Lot Quantities spected for defects as directed in Section 10 of Specification
D4028/D4028M.
Sample Size,
Lot Quantity
Number of
10.8.2 Report the following information:
Length, m Length, ft
Rolls
10.8.2.1 Description of material sampled,
243 or less 800 or less 2
244 to 6705 801 up to and including 3
10.8.2.2 Roll length sampled,
22 000
10.8.2.3 For each roll, the number and type of defects per
6706 and over 22 001 and over 5
roll length, and
D4028/D4028M−13 (2021)
10.8.2.4 For the lot, the average number and type of defects clamps or from being damaged as a result of being gripped in
per roll length. theclamps.Thetestingforbreakingstrengthwithouttheuseof
the special specimen preparations usually gives breaking force
10.9 Precision and Bias—No justifiable statement can be
forces that are significantly lower than when testing the
made on the precision and bias of Specification D4028/
specially prepared specimens.
D4028M for measuring appearance since the result is based
uponavisualexaminationandofsubjectiveevaluationofwhat 17.2 Apparatus:
is observed and merely states whether there is conformance to
17.2.1 Tensile Testing Machine, constant-rate-of-extension
criteria for success specified in the procedure. (CRE) type, or constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) type, as de-
scribed in Specification D76/D76M.
11. Roll Length
17.2.1.1 In cases of dispute, the CRE-type tensile tester
shall be preferred, unless agreed otherwise between the pur-
11.1 Unlessagreedotherwisebetweenthepurchaserandthe
chaser and the supplier.
supplier, determine the length of a roll by the clock method as
directed in Test Methods D3773/D3773M, Option C.
NOTE 4—Normally it is expected that the use of the CRE-type or the
CRT-type tensile testers would give different test results. However,
12. Color
interlaboratory test results on nine commercial vinyl-coated fiber glass
solar screening fabrics indicated no significant differences in breaking
12.1 The color shall be as agreed upon between the pur-
strengths when the fabrics were tested as directed in Section 16, while
chaser and the supplier.
using both types of machines.
12.2 The color of each sample lot shall be determined by
17.3 Reagents and Materials:
evaluation and comparison to the standard color swatches
17.3.1 Methacrylate Polymer Solution, such as Butyl Meth-
usingtheevaluationprocedureandlightsourceasdescribedin
acrylate or Poly (Methyl Methacrylate). Some solutions are
AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1.
usable in the commercially available premixed form. A butyl
methacrylate solution may be prepared by mixing 45 parts by
13. Mesh
massofbutylmethacrylatewith55partsbymassoftolueneor
13.1 DeterminethemeshasdirectedinTestMethodD3775.
xylene and adding a small amount of oil-soluble dye. The
Count the number of warp yarns in 25 mm [1 in.] of fabric
viscosity of this solution should be about 3000 mPa·s (cP),
width in five randomly designated places across the width of
approximately that of honey at room temperature. It may be
each swatch in the laboratory sample. Count the number of
necessarytochangetheconsistencyforsomefabricsforproper
filling picks in 25 mm [1 in.] of fabric length in five randomly
protection.
designated places across the length of each swatch in the
17.3.1.1 Hazards—Solution is flammable, keep away from
laboratory sample.
heat, sparks and open flame. Keep containers closed. Use only
with adequate ventilation.Avoid prolonged or repeated contact
14. Width
with skin. Spillage and fire instructions will depend on nature
14.1 Determine the fabric width as directed in Test Method of solution.
D3774, Option A. Measure the width of the screening at five 17.3.2 Wrapping Paper, kraft or bleached, minimum
evenly spaced points along the length of the roll. Make no 81.35g⁄m [50lb] basis.
measurements within1m[1yd]ofthe ends of the roll.
NOTE5—Ithasbeenfoundthatothercommerciallyavailablepaperwill
suffice for the mounting of the specimens.
15. Mass Per Unit Area
17.3.3 Paint Brush, 25 mm [1 in.] wide.
15.1 Determine the solar screening mass per unit area as
17.4 Sampling:
directed in Test Method D4909, Option C, for small swatches.
17.4.1 Samplethefinishedscreeningtobetestedasdirected
16. Ignition Loss in 6.4.
17.4.2 Unlessotherwiseagreedupon,preparefivewarpand
16.1 Determine the ignition loss of each swatch in the
five filling specimens for testing from each swatch.
laboratory sample as directed in Test Method D4963/D4963M
using a specimen weighing at least 5 g [0.2 oz].
17.5 Test Specimen Preparation for CRE
...