ASTM A999/A999M-98
(Specification)Standard Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
Standard Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of general requirements that, unless otherwise specified in an individual specification, shall apply to the ASTM product specifications noted below.
1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail.Title of SpecificationASTM DesignationSeamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel PipeA 312/A 312MSeamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature ServiceA 333/A 333MSeamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High Temperature ServiceA 335/A 335MElectric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature ServiceA 358/A 358MCarbon and Ferritic Alloy Steel Forged and Bored Pipe for High-Temperature Service A 369/A 369MSeamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for Use With High Temperature Central-Station Service A 376/A 376MWelded Large Diameter Austenitic Steel Pipe for Corrosive or High-Temperature ServiceA 409/A 409MWelded, Unannealed Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubular ProductsA 778Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel PipeA 790/A 790MSingle- or Double-Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel PipeA 813/A 813MCold-Worked Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel PipeA 814/A 814MFerritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Electric Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler MetalA 928Spray-Formed Seamless Austenitic Stainless Steel PipeA 943Spray-Formed Seamless Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel PipeA 949Austenitic Chromium-Nickel-Silicon Alloy Steel Seamless and Welded Pipe A 954
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. With the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the "M" designation (SI) of the product specification is specified in the order.
Note 1--The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) is used in this standard for such traditional terms as "nominal diameter," "size,"" nominal bore," and "nominal size".
1.4 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 21, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: A 999/A 999M – 98
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 999/A 999M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two
1.1 This specification covers a group of general require-
systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
ments that, unless otherwise specified in an individual speci-
The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation
fication, shall apply to the ASTM product specifications noted
(SI) of the product specification is specified in the order.
below.
1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a
NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) is
product specification and a requirement of this specification,
used in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal diameter,”
“size,”“ nominal bore,” and “nominal size”.
the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict
between a requirement of the product specification or a
1.4 The following precautionary statement pertains only to
requirement of this specification and a more stringent require-
the test method portion, Section 21, of this specification: This
ment of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail.
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
Title of Specification ASTM Designa-
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
tion
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A 312/A 312M
Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature A 333/A 333M
tions prior to use.
Service
Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High Temperature A 335/A 335M
2. Referenced Documents
Service
Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Alloy A 358/A 358M
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
Carbon and Ferritic Alloy Steel Forged and Bored Pipe for A 369/A 369M
of Steel Products
High-Temperature Service
Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for Use With High TemperatureA 376/A 376M
A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading
Central-Station Service
Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment
Welded Large Diameter Austenitic Steel Pipe for Corrosive A 409/A 409M
or High-Temperature Service A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
Welded, Unannealed Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubular A 778
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
Products
D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A 790/A 790M
Single- or Double-Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A 813/A 813M E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Cold-Worked Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A 814/A 814M
Determine Conformance with Specifications
Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Electric A 928
E 213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe
Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal
and Tubing
Spray-Formed Seamless Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A 943
Spray-Formed Seamless Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel A 949
E 273 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Longitudinal
Pipe
Welded Pipe and Tubing
Austenitic Chromium-Nickel-Silicon Alloy Steel Seamless A 954
and Welded Pipe E 309 Practice for Eddy-Current Testing of Steel Tubular
Products Using Magnetic Saturation
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
E 426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami-
are to be regarded separately as standard. With the text, the SI
nation of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austen-
units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system
itic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys
E 570 Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromag-
netic Steel Tubular Products
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.10 on Alloy Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1998. Published May 1999. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
2 5
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
cation SA 999 in Section II of that Code. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
3 7
These designations refer to the latest issue of the respective specifications. See Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
A 999/A 999M
2.2 ANSI Standards: 4.1.11 Specification designation and date of issue, and
B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe 4.1.12 Special requirement or any supplementary require-
ments, or both.
B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe
2.3 Military Standards:
5. Chemical Composition
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-
ment and Storage
5.1 Chemical Analysis—Samples for chemical analysis and
MIL-STD-271 Nondestructive Testing Requirements for
method of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods,
Metals
Practices, and Terminology A 751.
MIL-STD-792 Identification Marking Requirements for
5.2 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat of steel shall
Special Purpose Equipment
be made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentages
2.4 Federal Standard:
of the specified elements. If secondary melting processes are
Fed. Std. No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking of Iron
employed, the heat analysis shall be obtained from one
and Steel Products
remelted ingot or the product of one remelted ingot of each
2.5 Steel Structures Painting Council:
primary melt. The chemical composition thus determined, or
SSPC-SP6 Surface Preparation Specification No. 6 Com-
that determined from a product analysis made by the tubular
mercial Blast Cleaning
product manufacturer shall conform to the requirements speci-
2.6 ASNT Standards:
fied.
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
5.3 Product Analysis—Product analysis requirements and
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
options, if any, are contained in the product specification.
3. Process
6. Mechanical Properties
3.1 The steel shall be made by a suitable process.
6.1 Method of Mechanical Tests—The specimens and the
3.2 If secondary melting, such as electroslag remelting or
mechanical tests required shall be in accordance with Test
vacuum remelting, is used, the heat shall be defined as all of the
Methods and Definitions A 370, especially Annex A2 thereof.
ingots remelted from a single primary heat.
6.2 Specimens shall be tested at room temperature.
3.3 When steels of different are sequentially strand cast, the
6.3 Small or subsize specimens as described in Test Meth-
resultant transition material shall be removed using an estab-
ods and Definitions A 370 may be used only when there is
lished procedure that positively separates the grades.
insufficient material to prepare one of the standard specimens.
3.4 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,
When using small or subsize specimens, the largest one
it shall be specified on the purchase order.
possible shall be used.
4. Ordering Information
7. Tensile Requirements
4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to
requirements that are necessary for material ordered under the
tensile properties in the individual product specification.
product specification and this specification. Such requirements
7.2 The yield strength, when specified, shall be determined
to be considered include, but are not limited to, the following:
corresponding to a permanent offset of 0.2 % of the gage length
4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of pieces),
or to a total extension of 0.5 % of the gage length under load.
4.1.2 Name of material (stainless steel pipe),
7.3 If the percentage of elongation of any test specimen is
4.1.3 Process, when applicable (seamless or welded),
less than that specified and any part of the fracture is more than
4.1.4 Grade or UNS number,
⁄4 in. [19.0 mm] from the center of the gage length, as
4.1.5 Size (NPS and outside diameter and schedule number,
indicated by scribe marks on the specimen before testing, a
average (nominal) wall thickness (see 8.1 and 9.1), or mini-
retest shall be allowed.
mum wall thickness (see 8.2 and 9.1.1), or minimum inside
diameter (see 10.1)),
8. Permissible Variation in Weight for Seamless Pipe
4.1.6 Length (specific or random),
8.1 Except as noted in 8.2, the weight of any length of
4.1.7 End finish,
seamless pipe NPS 12 and under shall not vary more than 10 %
4.1.8 Optional requirements,
over the 3.5 % under that specified. For sizes over NPS 12, the
4.1.9 Specific type of melting, if required (see 3.4),
weight of any length of pipe shall not vary more than 10 %
4.1.10 Certified test report requirements,
over and 5 % under that specified. Unless otherwise specified,
pipe of NPS 4 and smaller may be weighed in convenient lots;
pipe in sizes larger than NPS 4 shall be weighed separately.
Portions of these standards appear in ASTM Book of Standards, Vol 01.01. Full
8.2 Minimum Wall—When the wall thickness of the pipe is
text of these standards is available from American National Standards Institute, 11
specified as minimum wall in the purchase order, the weight of
West 42nd St., 13th floor, New York, NY 10036.
any length of seamless pipe shall not vary more than 16 % over
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D,
700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
that calculated in accordance with 13.3. Unless otherwise
Available from Steel Structures Painting Council, 4400 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh,
specified, pipe of NPS 4 and smaller may be weighed in
PA 15213.
convenient lots; pipe in sizes larger than NPS 4 shall be
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlington
Plaza, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228–0518. weighed separately.
A 999/A 999M
9. Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness 12.2 Forged and Bored, Cast, and Cast Cold-Wrought—If
specific cut lengths are ordered, no length of pipe shall be
9.1 Seamless and Welded—Except as noted in 9.1.1, the
under the length specified or more than ⁄8 in. [3 mm] over that
minimum wall thickness at any point shall not be more than
specified.
12.5 % under the nominal wall thickness specified. The mini-
12.3 For pipe ordered to random lengths, the lengths and
mum wall thickness on inspection is shown in Table X1.1.
variations shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and
9.1.1 Minimum Wall—When the wall thickness of the pipe
purchaser.
is specified as minimum wall in the purchase order, there shall
12.4 No girth welds are permitted unless agreed upon by the
be no variation under the specified wall thickness.
manufacturer and purchaser.
9.2 Forged and Bored—The wall thickness shall not vary
over that specified by more than ⁄8 in. [3.2 mm]. There shall be
13. Standard Weight (Weight per Unit Length)
no variation under the specified wall thickness.
13.1 A system of standard pipe sizes has been approved by
9.3 Cast—The wall thickness shall not vary over that
1 the American National Standards Institute as ANSI B36.10 and
specified by more than ⁄16 in. [1.6 mm]. There shall be no
B36.19. The standard sizes do not prohibit the production and
variation under the specified wall thickness.
use of other sizes of pipe produced to the various product
10. Permissible Variations in Inside Diameter
specifications referenced in 1.1. (See Note 3.)
13.2 For nonstandard sizes of pipe, the calculated weight
10.1 Forged and Bored, and Cast—The inside diameter
per foot shall be determined from the following equation:
shall not vary under that specified by more than ⁄16 in. [1.6
mm]. There shall be no variation over the specified inside
W 5 C D2t t (1)
~ !
diameter.
where:
11. Permissible Variation in Outside Diameter
C 5 10.69 [0.02466],
W 5 weight, lb/ft [kg/m],
11.1 Variations in outside diameter, unless otherwise agreed
D 5 specified or calculated (from specified inside diameter
upon, shall not exceed the limits prescribed in Table 1. The
and wall thickness) outside diameter, in. [mm], and
tolerances on outside diameter include ovality except as
t 5 specified wall thickness, in. (to 3 decimal places) [mm
provided for in 11.2 and 11.2.1. (See Note 2.)
to 2 decimal places].
11.2 For thin-wall pipe, defined as pipe having a wall
13.3 When minimum wall thickness is specified on the
thickness of 3 % or less of the outside diameter, the diameter
purchase order, the calculated weight per foot shall be deter-
tolerance of Table 1 is applicable only to the mean of the
mined using Eq 1, obtaining from Table X1.1 the nominal wall
extreme (maximum and minimum) outside diameter readings
thickness, t, corresponding to that minimum wall.
in any one cross-section.
11.2.1 For thin-wall pipe the difference in extreme outside
NOTE 3—The weights given in the American National Standards and
the calculated weights given by Eq 1 are based on the weights for carbon
readings (ovality) in any one cross-section shall not exceed
steel pipe. The weight of pipe made of ferritic stainless steels may be up
1.5 % of the specified outside diameter.
to about 5 % less, and that made of austenitic stainless steel up to about
NOTE 2—Thin-wall pipe usually develops significant ovality (out-of-
2 % greater than the values given.
roundness) during final annealing, straightening, or both. The diameter
tolerances of Table 1 are usually not sufficient to provide for additional 14. Ends
ovality expected in thin-wall pipe.
14.1 Unless otherwise specified, the pipe shall be furnished
with plain ends. All burrs at the ends of the pipe shall be
12. Permissible Variations in Length
removed.
12.1 Seamless and Welded (No Filler Metal Added)—If
specific cut lengths of 24 ft [7.3 m] or less are ordered, no
15. Straightness
length of pipe shall be under the length specified or more than
15.1 The finished pipe shall be reasonably straight.
⁄4 in. [6 mm] over that spe
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