ASTM D975-09b

Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils

ABSTRACT
This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel oils suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are: Grade No. 1-D S15; Grade No. 1-D S500; Grade No. 1-D S5000; Grade No. 2-D S15; Grade No. 2-D S500; Grade No. 2-D S5000; and Grade No. 4-D. The requirements specified for diesel fuel oils shall be determined in accordance with the following test methods: flash point; cloud point; water and sediment; carbon residue; ash; distillation; viscosity; sulfur; copper corrosion; cetane number; cetane index; aromaticity; lubricity; and conductivity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel oils suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are described as follows:
1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15—A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.  
1.1.2 Grade No. 1-D S500—A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.  
1.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000—A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.
1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15—A general purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.  
1.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500—A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.  
1.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000—A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditions of varying speed and load.
1.1.7 Grade No. 4-D—A heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of distillate and residual oil, for use in low- and medium-speed diesel engines in applications involving predominantly constant speed and load.
Note 1—A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils is given in X1.2.
Note 2—The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish grades by sulfur rather than using words such as “Low Sulfur” as previously because the number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptions were thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called “regular” sulfur grades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 grades correspond to the previous “Low Sulfur” grades. S15 grades were not in the previous grade system and are commonly referred to as “Ultra-Low Sulfur” grades or ULSD.
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery.
1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.
Note 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2009
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.E0 - Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D975-09a - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM D975-10 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D2068-20 - Standard Test Method for Determining Filter Blocking Tendency
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6728-16(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Contaminants in Gas Turbine and Diesel Engine Fuel by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM F1990-23 - Standard Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Ignition Devices
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7545-14(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D5304-20 - Standard Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6756-17 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Red Dye Concentration and Estimation of the ASTM Color of Diesel Fuel and Heating Oil Using a Portable Visible Spectrophotometer
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7215-22 - Standard Test Method for Calculated Flash Point from Simulated Distillation Analysis of Distillate Fuels
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7687-23 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cellular Adenosine Triphosphate in Fuel and Fuel-associated Water With Sample Concentration by Filtration
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7451-21 - Standard Test Method for Water Separation Properties of Light and Middle Distillate, and Compression and Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4865-19 - Standard Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7467-20a - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6217-21 - Standard Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory Filtration<rangeref></rangeref >
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D8149-20 - Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Ion Chromatographic Determination of Heteroatoms and Anions in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D975 – 09b
Standard Specification for
1
Diesel Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
NOTE 1—Amoredetaileddescriptionofthegradesofdieselfueloilsis
1. Scope*
given in X1.2.
1.1 Thisspecificationcoverssevengradesofdieselfueloils
NOTE 2—The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish grades
suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are
by sulfur rather than using words such as “Low Sulfur” as previously
described as follows:
becausethenumberofsulfurgradesisgrowingandtheworddescriptions
1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15—A special-purpose, light middle were thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called
“regular” sulfur grades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 grades
distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a
correspond to the previous “Low Sulfur” grades. S15 grades were not in
fuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than
2 the previous grade system and are commonly referred to as “Ultra-Low
that provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.
Sulfur” grades or ULSD.
1.1.2 Grade No. 1-D S500—Aspecial-purpose,lightmiddle
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-
distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a
ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the
fuelwith500ppmsulfur(maximum)andhighervolatilitythan
2
required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of
that provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.
delivery.
1.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000—A special-purpose, light
1.2.1 Nothinginthisspecificationshallprecludeobservance
middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications
of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more
requiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher
restrictive.
volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.
1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15—A general purpose, middle
NOTE 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a
problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more informa-
fuelwith15ppmsulfur(maximum).Itisespeciallysuitablefor tion on the subject, see Guide D4865.
2
useinapplicationswithconditionsofvaryingspeedandload.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
1.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500—A general-purpose, middle
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a
standard.
fuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable
2. Referenced Documents
for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and
2
3
load.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000—A general-purpose, middle
D56 Test Method for Flash Point byTag Closed CupTester
distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
fuelwith5000ppmsulfur(maximum),especiallyinconditions
Atmospheric Pressure
of varying speed and load.
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
1.1.7 Grade No. 4-D—Aheavy distillate fuel, or a blend of
Closed Cup Tester
distillate and residual oil, for use in low- and medium-speed
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
diesel engines in applications involving predominantly con-
eral Bomb Method)
stant speed and load.
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-
troleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
D02.E0.02 on Diesel Fuel Oils.
ity)
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D975–09a. DOI:
10.1520/D0975-09B.
2
This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80—Control ofAir Pollution from New
Motor Vehicles: Heavy–Duty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Fuel Sulfur Control Requirements: Final Rule. Regulation of Fuels and Fuel
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Additives: Fuel Quality Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 and
Standards volume information, refer to the stan
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D975–09a Designation: D 975 – 09b
Standard Specification for
1
Diesel Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel oils suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are
described as follows:
1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15—Aspecial-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel
2
with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.
1.1.2 Grade No. 1-D S500—Aspecial-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel
2
with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.
1.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000—Aspecial-purpose,lightmiddledistillatefuelforuseindieselengineapplicationsrequiringafuel
with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.
1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15—Ageneral purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with
2
15 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.
1.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500—Ageneral-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with
2
500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.
1.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000—Ageneral-purpose,middledistillatefuelforuseindieselengineapplicationsrequiringafuelwith
5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditions of varying speed and load.
1.1.7 Grade No. 4-D—Aheavy distillate fuel, or a blend of distillate and residual oil, for use in low- and medium-speed diesel
engines in applications involving predominantly constant speed and load.
NOTE 1—A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils is given in X1.2.
NOTE 2—The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish grades by sulfur rather than using words such as “Low Sulfur” as previously because
thenumberofsulfurgradesisgrowingandtheworddescriptionswerethoughttobenotprecise.S5000gradescorrespondtotheso-called“regular”sulfur
grades,thepreviousNo.1-DandNo.2-D.S500gradescorrespondtotheprevious“LowSulfur”grades.S15gradeswerenotinthepreviousgradesystem
and are commonly referred to as “Ultra-Low Sulfur” grades or ULSD.
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required
properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery.
1.2.1 Nothinginthisspecificationshallprecludeobservanceoffederal,state,orlocalregulationswhichcanbemorerestrictive.
NOTE 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more information on
the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General Bomb Method)
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.E0.02
on Diesel Fuel Oils.
Current edition approved April 15,July 1, 2009. Published MayAugust 2009. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D975–09a.
2
This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80—Control of Air Pollution from New Motor Vehicles: Heavy–Duty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel Fuel
Sulfur Control Requirements: Final Rule. Regulation of Fuels and FuelAdditives: Fuel Quality Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel S
...