ASTM D4287-00(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer
Standard Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The viscosity value obtained by this test method gives information about the flow properties of the material under high-shear conditions similar to those encountered during application: brushing (see Test Method D 4958), spraying, electrostatic disk, or roll coating.
This test method is suitable for all paints and varnishes whether they are Newtonian in behavior or not. However, due to the narrow gap between the stationary and rotary parts of high-shear viscometers, this test method is more reproducible for paints having finer pigment dispersions as determined by Test Method D 1210.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity of paints, varnishes, and related products at a rate of shear of 12000 s1.
1.2 Paints and varnishes that dry very rapidly may not give reproducible results with this test method. Measurements made at elevated temperatures may also give poor precision due to loss of volatiles and to drying.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D4287–00(Reapproved2005)
Standard Test Method for
High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4287; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope high-shear conditions similar to those encountered during
application: brushing (see Test Method D4958), spraying,
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscos-
electrostatic disk, or roll coating.
ity of paints, varnishes, and related products at a rate of shear
−1
4.2 This test method is suitable for all paints and varnishes
of 12 000 s .
whether they are Newtonian in behavior or not. However, due
1.2 Paints and varnishes that dry very rapidly may not give
to the narrow gap between the stationary and rotary parts of
reproducibleresultswiththistestmethod.Measurementsmade
high-shear viscometers, this test method is more reproducible
at elevated temperatures may also give poor precision due to
for paints having finer pigment dispersions as determined by
loss of volatiles and to drying.
Test Method D1210.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5. Apparatus
standard.
5.1 Cone/Plate Type Viscometer,with cone/speed combina-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
−1
tion producing a rate of shear of 12 000 s . The viscometer
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mustprovideaviscositymeasurementrageofeither0to10(P)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
or 0 to 5 (P) at the above mentioned shear rate. With higher
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
viscosity materials, other cones and speeds may be used upon
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
agreement between the producer and the user, but it should be
2. Referenced Documents noted that these may give lower shear rates not truly represen-
tativeofapplicationconditions.RefertoFig.1andFig.2ofan
2.1 ASTM Standards:
analog and digital cone and plate viscometer.
D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
NOTE 1—The SI units for viscosity are pascal-seconds (Pa·s=10 P, 1
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
mPa·s=1 cP).
Pigmented Coatings
6. Reagents and Materials
D4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of
6.1 Water or Solvent—The viscometer should be zeroed
Latex Paints
according to the manufacturer’s specification. Zeroing proce-
3. Summary of Test Method
dures that require liquid may be satisfied with water or a low
3.1 Thematerialtobetestedisplacedbetweentheconeand viscosity solvent such as xylene or mineral spirits.
plate of a cone/plate viscometer, then subjected to a high shear 6.2 Mineral Oils—Three standard mineral oils with known
rate while the viscosity is determined. viscosities (certified by an approved laboratory) lying between
10 and 90% of full scale to be used for calibrating the
4. Significance and Use 3
instrument.
4.1 The viscosity value obtained by this test method gives
NOTE 2—Silicone oils should be avoided because of their tendency to
information about the flow properties of the material under
contaminate instruments, containers and other equipment and because of
the possibility of shear thinning behavior at high shear rates.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
7. Sampling
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.
7.1 Take a representative sample of the product to be tested
Current edition approved May 15, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally
in accordance with Practice D3925. If the sample has a
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4287–00. DOI:
tendency to settle or separate on standing, it must be stirred or
10.1520/D4287-00R05.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Such oils are available from The Cannon Instrument Co., P.O. Box 16, State
the ASTM website. College, PA 16801.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4287–00 (2005)
FIG. 2 Digital Cone and Plate Viscometer
used as is. If the viscometer readings do not give the correct
viscosities for the oils, then a calibration curve must be
constructed by taking viscometer readings for three oils and
plotting measured viscosity versus specified (correct) viscosity
for the oils. Subsequent measurements are corrected to true
viscosities through use of the curve.
8.3 Checktheconesperiodicallyforwear.Replaceanycone
FIG. 1 Analog Cone and Plate Viscometer that shows a definite flattening of the apex. Some users have
founditnecessarytoreplaceconeseveryyear.Othershavehad
to do so more often when abrasive paints or pastes were being
shakenuntilhomogeneousbeforeatestspecimenistakenfrom
tested.
it. The specimen must be free of any foreign matter or air
8.4 The determination must be made at a closely controlled
bubbles and its volume must be sufficient to cover the portion
temperature of 25 6 0.3°C , unless otherwise agreed. In order
of the viscometer plate under the cone when the latter is
to check the temperature control, carry out the test as outlined
brought into contact with the plate.
in 9.1 with the standard refined mineral oil of the highest
viscosity. Allow the viscometer to run with this oil for 5 min
8. Preparation of Apparatus
anddeterminewhetherthereadingdecreases.Ifthedecreaseis
8.1 The viscometer should be zeroed on a daily basis when more than 10%, the apparatus is unsuitable for the determina-
in regular use or otherwise before use, according to the
tionofviscos
...
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