ASTM D6175-03(2008)

Standard Test Method for Radial Crush Strength of Extruded Catalyst and Catalyst Carrier Particles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to provide information on the ability of an extruded catalyst to retain physical integrity during use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is suitable for determining the resistance of extruded catalysts and catalyst carriers to compressive force from the side.
1.2 This test method was developed using extruded catalyst and catalyst carriers from 1/16to 1/8 in. in diameter (0.159 to 0.318 cm) and limited to pieces with a length to diameter ratio greater than or equal to 1:1. This test method may be applicable to other diameters.
1.3 This test method is suitable for the determination of mean crush strength per millimetre in the range of 0 to 15 lbf/mm (0 to 65 N/mm).
1.4 The values stated in pounds lbf/mm units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2008
• ICS: 19.060 - Mechanical testing
• Technical Committee: D32 - Catalysts
• Drafting Committee: D32.02 - Physical-Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D6175-03 - Standard Test Method for Radial Crush Strength of Extruded Catalyst and Catalyst Carrier Particles
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM D6175-03(2013) - Standard Test Method for Radial Crush Strength of Extruded Catalyst and Catalyst Carrier Particles
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6175 − 03(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Radial Crush Strength of Extruded Catalyst and Catalyst
Carrier Particles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers and is suitable for determining 3.1 Definitions—See Terminology D3766.
the resistance of extruded catalysts and catalyst carriers to
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
compressive force from the side.
3.2.1 extruded catalyst particles—cylindrical particles with
1.2 This test method was developed using extruded catalyst
uniform cross sections, either solid, hollow core, or multi-
1 1
and catalyst carriers from ⁄16 to ⁄8 in. in diameter (0.159 to
lobed, formed by extrusion.
0.318 cm) and limited to pieces with a length to diameter ratio
greaterthanorequalto1:1.Thistestmethodmaybeapplicable
4. Summary of Test Method
to other diameters.
4.1 Individual extrudates taken from a representative
1.3 This test method is suitable for the determination of
sample are calcined, measured in length, placed between two
mean crush strength per millimetre in the range of 0 to 15
flat surfaces, and subjected to a compressive force. The force
lbf/mm (0 to 65 N/mm).
required to crush the extrudate is measured. The procedure is
replicated, the force per millimetre calculated, and the average
1.4 The values stated in pounds lbf/mm units are to be
of all quotients determined.
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
provided for information only.
5. Significance and Use
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.1 This test method is intended to provide information on
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the ability of an extruded catalyst to retain physical integrity
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
during use.
applicability of regulatory limitations before use.
6. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 A suitable compression testing device is required, com-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
posed of the following:
D3766 Terminology Relating to Catalysts and Catalysis
6.1.1 Calibrated Pressure or Force Gage, marked for direct
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
reading of the force in pounds force (Newtons) with a range
ASTM Test Methods
about two times the expected average force reading.Asuitable
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
system (mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic) must be pro-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
vided so that the rate of force applied is both uniform and
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
controllable within specified limits (see 9.4).
6.1.2 Tool Steel Anvils, between which the sample will be
crushed. The faces of the tool steel anvils shall be smooth and
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 on
free from hollows or ridges that would interfere with uniform
Catalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on Physical-
contact along the length of the extrudate. The faces shall be
Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originally
parallel to each along their entire length of travel. The faces of
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6175–03. DOI:
both anvils must be longer in one dimension than the length of
10.1520/D6175-03R08.
2 the sample pieces to be crushed.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.2 Adevice for determining length, reading in millimetres,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. and of suitable accuracy to measure to the nearest tenth.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6175 − 03 (2008)
7. Sampling
7.1 A test sample of 50 to 200 individual particles shall be
obtained from larger composites by riffling or splitting accord-
ing to STP 447A, with the aim of obtaining a representative
sample that represents both the shape and size of the larger
composite. The amount of the sample shall depend on the
precision required and the homogeneity of the material being
tested.Alloftheindividualparticlessampledthathavealength
to diameter ratio greater than or equal to one shall be tested.
7.2 Heat the test sample(s) at 400 6 15°C for not less than
3h.
NOTE 1—Moisture pick-up by extrudates is often rapid and the
measured crush strength may be affected.
7.3 After heating, cool the test sample(s) in a desiccator or
other suitable container to prevent the adsorption of moisture
before testing.
NOTE 2—If the catalyst may be damaged at 400°C, a lower temperature
can be used so long as it is specified with the result. Normally, this
treatment can take place in air. However, for materials that might react
with air at elevated temperatures (such as prereduced catalysts), the heat
treatment should take place in an inert atmosphere.
NOTE 3—Since many catalyst formulations are strong adsorbents, the
use of 4A indicating (cobalt-treated) molecular sieves as a desiccating
medium is suggested. Regenerate the desiccant at 220 to 260°C, as
required.
8. Calibration and Standardization
8.1 Before use, the test apparatus should be set to zero and
FIG. 1 Placement of Extrudate Between Anvils
calibrated with any commercially available force gage with
marked graduations of no more than ⁄2 lbf (2 N) and having
9.5 Read and record, to the nearest one-half graduat
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6175–03 Designation:D6175–03 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Radial Crush Strength of Extruded Catalyst and Catalyst
Carrier Particles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers and is suitable for determining the resistance of extruded catalysts and catalyst carriers to
compressive force from the side.
1 1
1.2 This test method was developed using extruded catalyst and catalyst carriers from ⁄16 to ⁄8 in. in diameter (0.159 to 0.318
cm) and limited to pieces with a length to diameter ratio greater than or equal to 1:1. This test method may be applicable to other
diameters.
1.3 This test method is suitable for the determination of mean crush strength per millimetre in the range of 0 to 15 lbf/mm (0
to 65 N/mm).
1.4 The values stated in pounds lbf/mm units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided
for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations before use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 3766 Terminology Relating to Catalysts and Catalysis
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E 691 Practice for Conducting andan Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology D 3766.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard :
3.2.1 extruded catalyst particles—cylindrical particles with uniform cross sections, either solid, hollow core, or multi-lobed,
formed by extrusion.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Individual extrudates taken from a representative sample are calcined, measured in length, placed between two flat surfaces,
and subjected to a compressive force. The force required to crush the extrudate is measured. The procedure is replicated, the force
per millimetre calculated, and the average of all quotients determined.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is intended to provide information on the ability of an extruded catalyst to retain physical integrity during
use.
6. Apparatus
6.1 A suitable compression testing device is required, composed of the following:
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 on Catalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on Physical-Mechanical
Properties.
Current edition approved Oct.April 1, 2003.2008. Published October 2003.April 2008. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 19982003 as
D6175–98.D 6175–03.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6175–03 (2008)
6.1.1 Calibrated Pressure or Force Gage, marked for direct reading of the force in pounds force (Newtons) with a range about
two times the expected average force reading. A suitable system (mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic) must be provided so that
the rate of force applied is both uniform and controllable within specified limits (see 9.4).
6.1.2 Tool Steel Anvils, between which the sample will be crushed. The faces of the tool steel anvils shall be smooth and free
from hollows or ridges that would interfere with uniform contact along the length of the extrudate. The faces shall be parallel to
each along their entire length of travel. The faces of both anvils must be longer in one dimension than the length of the sample
pieces to be crushed.
6.2 A device for determining length, reading in millimetres, and of suitable accuracy to measure to the nearest tenth.
7. Sampling
7.1 A test sample of 50 to 200 individual particles shall be obtained from larger composites by riffling or splitting according
to STP 447A, with the aim of obtaining a representative sample that represents both the shape and size of the larger composite.
The amount of the sample shall depend on the precision required and the homogeneity of the material being tested. All of the
individual particles sampled that have a length to diameter ratio greater than or equal to one shall be tested.
7.2 Heat the test sample(s) at 400 6 15°C for not less than 3 h.
NOTE 1—Moisture pick-up by extrudates is often rapid and the measured crush strength may be affected.
7.3 After heating, cool the test sample(s) in a desiccator or other suitable container to prevent the adsorption of moisture before
testing.
NOTE 2—If the catalyst may be damaged at 400°C, a lower temperature can be used so long as it is specified with the result. Normally, this treatment
can take place in air. However, for materials that might react with air at elevated temperatures (such as prereduced catalysts), the heat treatment should
take place in an inert atmosphere.
NOTE 3—Since many catalyst formulations are strong adsorbents, the use of 4A indicating (cobalt-treated) molecular sieves as a desiccating medium
is suggested. Regenerate the desiccant at 220 to 260°C, as required.
8. Calibration and Standardization
8.1 Before use, the test apparatus should be set to zero and calibrated with any commercially availabl
...