ASTM D2779-92(1997)

Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Gases in Petroleum Liquids

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the equilibrium solubility of several common gases encountered in the aerospace industry in hydrocarbon liquids. These include petroleum fractions with densities in the range from 0.63 to 0.90 at 288 K (59°F). The solubilities can be estimated over the temperature range 228 K (-50°F) to 423 K (302°F).  
1.2 This test method is based on the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, Henry's law, and the perfect gas law, with empirically assigned constants for the variation with density and for each gas.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-1997
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.L0.07 - Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids (Formally D02.1100)

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D2779-92(2002) - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Gases in Petroleum Liquids
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-1992
• Referred By: ASTM D3612-02(2017) - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2779 – 92 (Reapproved 1997) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Estimation of Solubility of Gases in Petroleum Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2779; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope of this test method can be considered ideal within the limits of
the accuracy statement.
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the equilib-
3.2 Symbols:
rium solubility of several common gases encountered in the
aerospace industry in hydrocarbon liquids. These include
petroleum fractions with densities in the range from 0.63 to
d 5 density of the liquid at 288 K (59°F), kg/L,
0.90 at 288 K (59°F). The solubilities can be estimated over the
T 5 specified temperature, K,
temperature range 228 K (−50°F) to 423 K (302°F).
L 5 Ostwald coefficient at 273 K for a liquid of
o
1.2 This test method is based on the Clausius-Clapeyron
d 5 0.85,
equation, Henry’s law, and the perfect gas law, with empiri-
L 5 Ostwald coefficient at T for a liquid of
cally assigned constants for the variation with density and for
d 5 0.85,
each gas.
L 5 Ostwald coefficient at T for a liquid of the
c
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
specified density,
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. p 5 pressure of the gas, or mixed gases, MPa,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the p 5 vapor pressure of the liquid at the specified
v
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the temperature, MPa,
p ,p . p 5 partial pressures of the gases in a mixture,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1 2 i
MPa,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
G 5 solubility, mg/kg,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
B 5 Bunsen coefficient at the specified d, p, and T,
2. Referenced Documents X 5 mole fraction of gas in equilibrium solution,
L ,B 5 coefficients for mixture of gases,
m m
2.1 ASTM Standards:
M 5 molecular weight of the gas, g/mol,
D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
M 5 molecular weight of the liquid, g/mol,
l
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
H 5 Henry’s law constant, MPa, and
Petroleum Products by the Hydrometer Method 3
C 5 molarity, kg mol/m .
3. Terminology
4. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Definitions:
4.1 Correlations have been established by the National
3.1.1 Ostwald coeffıcient—the solubility of a gas expressed
Aeronautics and Space Administration (formerly National
as the volume of gas dissolved per volume of liquid when the
Advisory Committee on Aeronautics) in NACA Technical Note
gas and liquid are in equilibrium at the specified partial
3276 (1956) Their work was extended to include most of the
pressure of gas and at the specified temperature.
data published since that time, and extrapolated by semi-
3.1.2 Bunsen coeffıcient—the solubility of a gas expressed
empirical methods into regions where no data are available.
as the volume, reduced to 273 K (32°F) and 101.3 kPa (1 atm),
4.2 The only data required are the density of liquid at 288 K
dissolved by 1 volume of liquid at the specified temperature
(59°F) and the nature of the gas. These are used in the
and 101.3 kPa.
equations, with the specific constant for the gas from Table 1,
3.1.3 Henry’s law—the principle that the ratio of partial
or with Fig. 1, to estimate the Ostwald coefficient.
pressure to mole fraction of gas in solution is a constant.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—In non-ideal systems the fugacity is
5. Significance and Use
used to replace the pressure, but the systems within the scope
5.1 Knowledge of gas solubility is of extreme importance in
the lubrication of gas compressors. It is believed to be a
substantial factor in boundary lubrication, where the sudden
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
release of dissolved gas may cause cavitation erosion, or even
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.11 on Engineering Science of High Performance Fluids and Solids.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 1992. Published December 1992. Originally
published as D 2779 – 69. Last previous edition D 2779 – 86. Available from National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. DC.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2779
TABLE 1 Ostwald Coefficients at 0°C for Petroleum Liquids with above d 5 0.980. The constant 7.70 is also predictable from molecular
d 5 0.85
theory, but the value used was determined empirically.
A
Validated
6.6 Calculate the Bunsen coefficient using the following
Ostwald
Gas Temperature
Coefficient, L
equation:
o
Range,° C
B 5 2697~p – p !L/T (3)
Helium 0.012 20–150
v
Neon 0.018 15–40
NOTE 2—Fig. 2 shows the relations of t
...